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THE CHATTISGARH
CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES ACT, 1960
[No. 17 of 1961]
Received the assent of the President on 28-04-1961, the assent first published in M.P. Gazette on 12-05-1961.
An act to organise and develop co-operatives as democratic instruments and people's institutions based on self help mutual aid for curbing exploitation and ensuring socio-economic development of people with particular emphasis on weaker sections of society.
Be it enacted by the Madhya Pradesh Legislature in the Eleventh Year of the Republic of India as follows:-
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
Short title, extent and commencement.
1. (1) This Act may be called the Chhattisgarh Co- operative Societies Act, 1960 (No. 17 of 1961).
(2) It extends to the whole of Chhattisgarh.
(3) It shall come into force on such date as the State Government may, by notification, appoint.
Definitions. 2. In this act, unless the context otherwise, requires,-
(a) "Additional Registrar" means an Additional Registrar of Co-operative Societies appointed under section 3;
(a-i) "Apex Society" means a Society which has as its members more than one Federal or Central societies and whose principal object is to provide facilities for operations of other societies affiliated to it and whose area of operation extends to the whole State of Chhattisgarh;
(b) "Assistant Registrar" means an Assistant Registrar of Co-operative Societies appointed under section 3;
(b-i) "Area of operation" means the area from which the membership is drawn or as specified in the byelaws of the society;
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(c) "Bye-laws" means the bye-laws registered or deemed to have been registered under this Act and for the time being in force, and includes a registered amendment of the bye-laws; (c-i) "Central Society" means a District Co- operative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank or any other society whose area of operation is confined to a part of the State and which has as its object the promotion of the objects of the member societies, and which has at least five societies as its members;
(c-ii) "Central Co-operative Bank" means a resource society registered or deemed to be registered under this Act, which is either licensed under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949) or permitted by the Reserve Bank of India to do banking business till so licensed, and
(i) has area of operation confined to a part of the State; and
(ii) has as its principal object, the creation of funds and the obtaining of credit, goods or services for and providing credit, goods or services as loan to Co-operative Societies affiliated to it for agriculture, industrial and other allied purposes;
(c-iii) "Company" means a Company as defined in section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956);
(c-iv) "Co-operative Union" means a registered society which has as its principal object the undertaking of co-operative education, propaganda, training and extension of co- operative services;
(d) "Committee" means the Board of a management by whatever name called constituted under section 63; (d-i) "Co-operative Bank" means a State Co- operative Bank, a Central Co-operative Bank and a Primary Co-operative Bank, registered or deemed to be registered under the Act;
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(e) "Co-operative Society with limited liability" means a society having the liability of its members limited by its bye-laws to the amount, if any, unpaid on the shares respectively held by them or to such amount as they may, respectively, undertake to contribute to the assets of the society in the event of its being wound up;
(e-i) "Chief Executive" means an individual appointed under section 71 and who subject to superintendence, control and direction of the Committee has been entrusted by the Committee with the management of the affairs of the co-operative;
(g) "Consumers' Society" means a society formed with the object of obtaining or producing and processing and distributing goods to or performing other services for its members, as well as for other customers and dividing amount its members and customers in a proportion as may be laid down in the bye- laws of such society, the profits accruing from such supply, production processing and distribution;
(g-i) "delegate" means a person elected by a group of individual members to represent them in the general body of the society in accordance with the bye-laws of the society;
(g-ii) "Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation" means the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation established under the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961 (No 47 of 1961);
(h) "Deputy Registrar" means a Deputy Registrar of Co-operative Societies appointed under section 3;
(hh) "Development Bank" means a District Co- operative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank or the Chhattisgarh State Co-operative
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Agriculture and Rural Development Bank registered or deemed to be registered under this Act;
(i) "Family" means a person, his spouse, his children, dependent on him and his other relations dependent on him and jointly residing with him;
(j) "Farming Society" means a registered society formed with the object of promoting development of land, better methods of cultivation and promotion of new agricultural technology, and includes a better farming society, tenant farming society, collective farming society, joint farming society, irrigation society, contract farming society and crop promotion society.
(k) "Federal Society" means a society of which not less than fifty percent of the share capital, excluding Government share capital is held by societies;
(l) "Financing Bank" means a society, the objects of which include the creation of funds to be lent to other societies or its individual members, and which includes a Development Bank and the State Co-operative Bank;
(m) "General Society" means a society not falling under any of the heads (i) to (x) specified in sub-section (1) of section 10;
(n) "Housing Society" means a society formed with the object of providing its members with residential accommodation;
(n-i) "Industrial Society" means a society formed with the objects of promoting development of weavers, carpenters, metal workers, shoe makers or any other Society which aims at producing finished goods from raw materials of any kind;
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(o) "Joint Registrar" means a Joint Registrar of Co-operative Societies appointed under section 3;
(p) "Liquidator" means a person appointed under section 70;
(q) "Marketing Society" means a society formed for the purpose of marketing agricultural or other produce and including among its objects, the supply of the requisites of such production;
(r) "Member" means a person joining in the application for the registration of a society or a person admitted to membership after registration in accordance with this Act, the rules and the bye-laws applicable to such society and includes the State Government when it subscribes to the share capital of a society;
(s) "Multi-purpose Society" means a society which includes amongst its objects any of the primary objects specified in any two or more of the clauses (g), (n), (v) and (y);
(t) "Nominal Member" means a person admitted to membership of a society under section 20; (t-i)
(u) "Other backward classes" means category of persons belonging to backward classes as notified by the State Government; (u-i) "Primary Society" means a society which is neither an Apex Society nor a Central Society; (u-ii) "Primary Agriculture Credit Cooperative Society" means a society organized with the main objective of making credit available for agriculture production and includes a Primary, Service Cooperative Society and Adimjati Sewa Sahakari Samiti;
(u-iii) "Primary Co-operative Bank" means a resource society other than a village or urban resource society not registered as bank, the
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objects of which include creation of funds to be lent to, and obtaining credit to be extended to members and which is licensed under Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949) or permitted by the Reserve Bank of India to do banking business till so licensed;
(v) "Producers' Society" means a society formed with the object of producing and disposing of goods as a collective property of its members and includes a society formed with the object of the collective disposal of the labour of its members;
(w) "Processing Society" means a society formed with the object of producing goods by mechanical or manual process and includes an industrial society and a society for the processing of agricultural commodities;
(x) "Registrar" means the Registrar of Co- operative Societies appointed under section 3; (x-i) "Representative" means a member of the society to represent the society in other societies;
(x-ii) "Reserve Bank" means the Reserve Bank of India established under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (No. 2 of 1934):
(y) "Resource Society" means a society formed with the object of obtaining for its members the credit, goods or services required by them and includes a service society and a primary credit society;
(y-i) "Returning Officer" means an officer appointed by the Registrar general or special order for performing the duties of a Returning Officer under this Act or the rules made there under and includes an officer subordinate to the Returning Officer nominated in writing by him to perform the duties of Returning Officer;
(y-ii) "Scheduled Area" means the area which has been declared under the Scheduled Area (State of Bihar, Gujrat, Madhya Pradesh & Orissa )
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Order, 1977;
(z) "Society" means a co-operative society registered or deemed to be registered under the Act;
(z-i) "Specified Office" means the office of the President or Vice-president whatever the designation may be;
(aa) "State Co-operative Bank" means the Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Bank Limited;
(bb) "Student" means a person studying in any educational, vocational or training institution;
CHAPTER II
RIGISTRATION
Registrar and other 3. (1) (1) The State Government shall appoint a person to
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officer. be the Registrar of Co-operative Societies for the State and may appoint one or more officers of the following categories to assist him, namely:-
(a) Additional Registrar of Cooperative Societies;
(b) Joint Registrar of Cooperative Societies;
(c) Deputy Registrar of Cooperative Societies;
(d) Assistant Registrar of Cooperative Societies;
(e) Such other categories of officers as may be prescribed.
(2) The officer appointed to assist the Registrar shall, within such areas as the State Government may specify, exercise such powers and perform such duties conferred and imposed on the Registrar by or under this Act, as the State Government may, by special or general order, direct:
Provided that no officer other than the Additional Registrar or the Joint Registrar shall be Directed to exercise the powers to hear appeals under section 78
(3) The officers appointed to assist the Registrar shall be subordinate to him and shall work under his general guidance, supervision and control.
Societies which may be registered.
4. Subject to the provisions of this Act, a society which has as its objects the promotion of the economic interest of its members or their general welfare in accordance with co-operative principles or a society established with the object of facilitating the operations of such a society, may be registered under this Act.
Registration of societies with limited or unlimited liability.
5. A society may be registered with limited or unlimited liability;
Provided that unless the State Government by a general or special order otherwise directs, the liability of a society of which another society is a member shall be limited.
Conditions of registration.
6. (1) No society, other than a society of which another society is a member, shall be registered under this Act unless it consists of at least twenty persons
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competent to contract under section 11 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872( 9 of 1872) and belonging to twenty different families, not being near relations and, where the objects of the society include the creation of funds to be lent to its members, unless such persons, save where the Registrar by general or special order otherwise directs, reside in the same town or village or in a compact group of villages. Provided that a society formed exclusively for the benefit of students may be registered, notwithstanding that the members of such society may not have attained the age of majority according to the law to which they are subject:
Provided further that the Registrar may relax the condition of minimum membership to that society which is organized for the welfare of the employees of any organization / establishment. Provided also that in case of a primary society, there shall be atleast 33 per cent, women members at the time of registration:
Provided also that the Registrar may, for sufficient reasons, relax the conditions of the prescribed percentage of women members,
(2) The word "limited" or its equivalent in any Indian language shall be the last word in the name of every society registered with limited liability under this Act.
Application for registration.
7. (1) For purposes of registration, an application to register a society shall be made to the Registrar in the prescribed form and shall be accompanied by four copies of the proposed bye-laws of the society. The person by whom or on whose behalf such application is made, shall furnish such information in regard to the society, as the Registrar may require.
(2) (2) The application shall be signed,-
(a) in the case of a society of which no other society is a member, by at least ten persons qualified in accordance with the requirements of section 6: and
(b) in the case of a society of which a member is a registered society, by a duly authorized person on behalf of every such registered
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society and where all the members of the society are not registered societies, by ten other members, or when there are less than ten other members, by all of them.
Power of Registrar to decide certain questions.
8. Where in connection with the formation, registration or continuance of a society or the admission of a person as a member of a society any question arises whether a person is an agriculturist or not or whether any person resides in a particular area or not or whether any person belongs to any particular class or occupation or not or such other question pertaining to the eligibility of any person to become a member of a society, such question shall be decided by the Registrar and his decision shall be final.
Registration. 9. (1) If the Registrar is satisfied that a society has complied with the provisions of this Act and the rules and that its proposed bye-laws are not contrary to this Act or the rules, he may register the society and its bye-laws with such modifications as he may consider necessary:
Provided that no society shall be registered, if in the opinion of the Registrar, it is likely to be economically unsound or is likely to have an adverse effect upon any other society.
(2) Where the Registrar refuses to register a society or its bye-laws he shall communicate the order or refusal together with reasons therefor to the first signatory to the application.
(3) The Registrar shall take a decision within ninety days from the date of receipt of an application for registration of a society:
Provided that where there is a failure on the part of the Registrar to dispose of such application within the period aforesaid the Registrar shall within the period of fifteen days form the date of expiration of that period, refer the application to the next higher officer and where the Registrar himself is the Registering officer to the State Government, who or which, as the case may be, shall dispose of the applications within two months from the date of its receipt and on the failure of such higher officer or State Government, as the case may be, to dispose of
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the application within that period, the society and its bye laws shall be deemed to have been registered.
(4) The Registrar shall maintain register of societies registered or deemed to be registered under this Act.
Classification of Societies.
10. (1) The Registrar shall classify all societies under one or more of the following heads, namely :-
(i) Consumers' Society;
(ii) Farming Society;
(iii) Federal Society;
(iv) Central Society;
(v) Housing Society;
(vi) Marketing Society;
(vii) Multipurpose Society;
(viii) Producers' Society;
(ix) Processing Society;
(x) Resource Society;
(xi) General Society.
(xii) Industrial Society; Provided that a society formed with the object of facilitating the operations of any particular class of societies shall be classified as a society of that class
(1-a) The Registrar may further classify the societies falling under any of the heads specified in sub- section (1) under the following heads, namely:-
(a) Apex Society
(b) Central Society
(c) Primary Society
(2) The Registrar for reasons to be recorded in writing may alter the classification of any society from one head to another.
(3) The decision of the Registrar in respect of classification of societies shall be final.
Amendment of bye-laws of society.
11. (1) No amendment of the bye-laws of a society shall be valid until the same has been registered under this Act, for which purpose four copies of the proposed amendment shall be forwarded in the prescribed manner to the Registrar.
(2) If the Registrar is satisfied that the proposed amendment is not contrary to the Act or the rules and is not against the aims and objects of the Society
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or any of the existing bye-laws he may register the amendment.
(3) The Registrar shall not refuse to register an amendment of the bye-laws without giving an opportunity to the applicant society, for being heard. If he decides to refuse to register an amendment, he shall communicate the order of refusal together with reasons therefore to the society within forty-five days from the date of receipt of the proposal:
Provided that, where there is a failure on the part of the Registrar to dispose of such application within the period aforesaid, the Registrar shall, within a period of fifteen days from the date of expiration of that period, refer the application to the next higher officer and where the Registrar himself is the registering officer, to the state Government, who or which, as the case may be, shall dispose of the application within two months from the date of its receipt and on the failure of such higher officer or the State Government, as the case may be, to dispose of the application within that period, the amendment of the byelaws shall be deemed to have been registered.
Power to direct amendment of bye-laws.
12. (1) Not-withstanding anything contained in this Act, or the rules or byelaws, on the request of more than fifty per cent of the members of the society or if the Registrar considers that an amendment of the byelaws of society is necessary or desirable in the interest of such society, he may, by an order in writing to be served on the society in the prescribed manner, require the society to make the amendment within sixty days.
(2) If the society fails to make the amendment within the time specified by the Registrar, the Registrar may after giving the society an opportunity of being heard and after soliciting the opinion of such Apex Federal Society, as may be notified by the State Government, register such amendment and issue a certified copy there of to such society:
Provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply in the case of Urban Co-operative
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Banks.
Change of name. 13. A society may, by an amendment of its bye-laws, change its name, but such change shall not affect any right or obligation of the society, or of any of its members, or past members, or deceased members, or render defective any legal proceedings by or against the society, and any legal proceedings which might have been continued or commenced by or against
the society by its new name.
Certain certificates to be conclusive evidence.
14. (1) Where a society is registered or deemed to be registered under this Act, the Registrar shall issue a certificate of registration signed by him and such certificate shall be conclusive evidence that the society therein mentioned has been duly registered unless it is proved that the registration of the society has been subsequently cancelled:
Provided that where a society is deemed to be registered under this Act, the Registrar shall issue a certificate of registration within sixty days from the date on which it was deemed to be registered.
(2) No society shall commence business unless it has obtained a certificate of registration under sub- section (1) and every member of such society carrying on business in contravention of this sub- section shall be severally liable for all liabilities incurred in such business.
(3) When the Registrar registers an amendment of the bye-laws of a society under section 11 or section 12 he shall issue to the society a copy of the amendment registered by him, which shall be conclusive evidence that the same is duly registered.
(4) Where a society changes its name under section 13, the Registrar shall amend the certificate of registration accordingly, which shall be conclusive evidence that the change of name is duly registered.
Change of liability of society from limited to unlimited or vice-versa.
15. (1) Subject to the provisions of section 11, a society may by an amendment of its bye-laws change its liability from limited to unlimited or from unlimited to limited.
(2) No such amendment shall be registered by the Registrar unless he is satisfied that,-
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(i) Twenty-one day's notice has been given to every member of the society and to any person or class of persons whose interest may, in the opinion of the Registrar, be affected by the change; and
(ii) With respect to every such member or person who, in the opinion of the Registrar, is entitled to notice,-
(a) either his assent has been obtained to the change or is deemed to have been obtained by virtue of his failure to object within twenty one days from the date of the notice,
(b) if he objects;
(i) he is allowed to withdraw his share if he is a member, or
(ii) that his debt or claim has been discharged or has been
determined or has been secured to the satisfaction of the Registrar within three month from the date of receipt of objection if he is a creditor:
Provided that the Registrar may in the case of any person or class of persons, for special reasons, to be recorded, dispense with the notice required by this sub-section.
Reorganization of Societies.
16. (1) In this section,-
(a) "affected society" means a society which decides to reorganize itself in any of the manners specified in sub-section (2); and
(b) "resulting society" means a society ,-
(i) which is formed as a result of amalgamation under clause (i) of sub-section (2) or
(ii) to which the assets and liabilities of the affected societies are
transferred in whole or in part under clause (ii) sub-section (2); or
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(iii) which is formed as a result of division under clause (iii) of sub- section (2); or
(iv) which is the result of change of class as provided in clause (iv) of sub-section (2).
(2) A society may, by resolution passed by two-thirds majority of the members present and voting at a special general meeting held for the purpose, decide to reorganize itself by-
(i) amalgamating itself with another society; or
(ii) transferring its assets and liabilities in whole or in part to any other society; or
(iii) dividing itself into two or more societies; or
(iv) converting itself into a class of society, the object of which is materially different from that under which it has been classified under the Act:
Provided that no such decisions shall take effect unless it is approved by the Registrar; Provided further than in case of a Co- operative Bank, the Registrar shall not give his approval save with the previous sanction in writing of the Reserve Bank;
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section
(2) where the Registrar is satisfied that it is essential in the public interest or in the interest of the members of the affected societies or necessary to secure the proper management of any society, he may direct that any society or societies shall reorganize itself or themselves in any one or more of the modes indicated in sub-section (2):
Provided that, in the case of a Co-operative Bank, the Registrar shall not issue any direction save with the previous sanction in writing of the Reserve Bank;
Provided further that before a final order under this sub-section is passed by the Registrar every society concerned shall be given an opportunity of expressing its opinion on the reorganization proposals.
(4) The procedure for reorganization of a society in accordance with the decision under sub-section (2)
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or the direction of the Registrar under sub-section (3), as the case may be, shall be such as may be prescribed.
(5) If any such reorganization under sub-section (2) or
(3) is likely to affect in any manner the interest of any person, notice thereof shall be given to all such persons and every such person shall be given an option, to be exercised within a month from the date of the issue of such notice, of either becoming a member of the resulting society or societies or of demanding the payment of the share or interest or dues in respect of the affected society, as the case may be.
(6) No reorganization shall be final until the assent of every such person whose interest is likely to be affected, has been obtained or deemed to have been obtained by virtue of his failure to exercise the option given to him, and further, unless all the claims of persons who have exercised the option of demanding the payment of their shares or interests or dues under sub-section (5) have been met in full.
(7) Every resulting society under this section shall have such constitution, property, powers, rights, interests, authorities, duties and obligations as may be specified in the scheme of reorganization and every such scheme of reorganization may contain such consequential, incidental and supplemental provisions as may, in the opinion of the Registrar, be necessary to give effect to such scheme.
(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882) or the Indian Registration Act, 1908 (16 of 1908), a resolution of a society approved by the Registrar under sub- section (3) shall be sufficient conveyance to vest the assets and liabilities of each affected society in the resulting society or societies concerned, such vesting being subject only to the provisions of the scheme of reorganization.
(9) The reorganization of societies shall not in any manner, whatsoever affect any right or obligation of
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the resulting society or societies or render defective any legal proceedings by or against the society or societies and any legal proceedings that might have been continued or commenced by or against the society or the societies, as the case may be, before the reorganization may be continued or commenced by or against the resulting society or societies.
(10) Where any two or more societies have been amalgamated or a society has been divided or converted, the registration of such society or societies shall be deemed to have been cancelled on the date of registration of the amalgamated society or of the converted society or of the new societies into which the society may have been divided.
(11) Where a development bank has been reorganized by amalgamation with a central bank, the amalgamated bank shall in respect of all transactions relating to the development bank business made on and after such amalgamation be deemed to be a development bank within the meaning of the law relating to development bank for the time being in force.
Explanation.- For the purposes of this section "Central Bank" means a society with the words "Central Bank" or "District Bank" as part of its name and whose main object is to finance societies which are members of it and lie within a specified area.
(12) Every scheme of such reorganisation shall be published in the official Gazette for general information.
Collaboration by Societies.
16-A. Any society may, enter into the collaboration with any Government Undertaking or any undertaking approved by the State Government for carrying on any specific business including industrial investment, financial aid or marketing and management expertise.
Partnership of Societies.
16-B Any two or more societies may by resolution passed at general meeting by a majority of members present and voting in each such society enter into a contract of a partnership for carrying out any specific business permissible under the byelaws on such
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terms and conditions as may be mutually agreed upon. Where such partnership requires creation of a new organization, the participating society shall be its members.
Government's power to make scheme of reorganization in the public interest.
16-C (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or the Rules made thereunder, if the State Government, on receipt of a report from the Registrar or otherwise, is satisfied that in the public interest it is necessary to reorganize any society or societies for the purpose of securing proper implementation of development programmes, the State Government, as it may deem necessary, may make such scheme of reorganisation and issue orders to implement above scheme:
Provided that in case of a Co-operative Bank, prior sanction in writing of the Reserve Bank shall be necessary.
(2) There shall be the provisions in scheme of reorganisation regarding :-
(a) Method of reorganization;
(b) Procedure for reorganization; (c)Membership, registration, management, assets and liabilities, powers, rights, interests, duties, staff and conditions of employment of such society or societies which are made after reorganisation ;
(d) Such other consequential, incidental and supplementary provisions as may be necessary;
(e) Any other subject as may be deemed necessary by the State Government.
(3) The State Government may modify or cancel any reorganisation scheme made under sub-section (1).
(4) The provisions regarding every reorganisation scheme and the orders issued by the State Government shall be binding upon the interested parties.
(5) Every scheme of such reorganisation shall be published in the official Gazette for general information.
Compromise or arrangement for
17. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, or the rules made thereunder where a compromise or
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repayment of liabilities and reconstruction of societies.
arrangement is proposed between.-
(a) a society and its creditors or any class of them, and
(b) a society and its members, the Registrar may on the application of the society or of any member or of any creditor of the society or, in the case of a society which is being wound up by the liquidator, order a meeting of the members, or creditors or both, as the case may be, to be called, held and conducted in such manner as may be prescribed:
Provided that the Registrar may, on his own motion, order such a meeting to be called for the purpose of affecting a compromise or arrangement.
(2) If a majority in number representing three-fourths of the members or three-fourths of the total amount of valuation due to creditors, as the case may be, present and voting in person at the meeting agree to any compromise or arrangement the compromise or arrangement shall, if confirmed by the Registrar, be binding on all members or all the creditors, as the case may be, and also on the society, or in the case of a society which is being wound up, on the liquidator;
Provided that the Registrar shall not confirm a compromise or arrangement unless he is satisfied that all the members or creditors, as the case may be, whose interests are affected by such compromise or arrangements, had notice of such meeting; Provided further that in case of Co-operative Bank the Registrar shall not confirm the compromise, or arrangement, save with the previous sanction in writing of the Reserve Bank.
(3) When an order canceling a meeting is passed under sub-section (1) or the proviso thereof for considering any compromise or arrangement between a society and its creditors or any class of them, the Registrar may give notice of such order to a Civil Court in which proceedings, whether instituted before or after the order, in respect of any liability of the society due to a creditor to whom a copy of the order is
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posted, are pending and on receipt of such notice the Civil Court shall stay the proceedings, If no such compromise of arrangement is confirmed under sub- section(2) the Registrar shall inform the Civil Court accordingly and the proceedings which may have been stayed, shall be resumed.
(4) If a compromise or arrangement between a society and its creditors or any class of them is confirmed under sub-section (2) the proceedings, if any, stayed under sub-section (3) shall abate and no proceedings shall lie in a Civil Court in respect of any liability of the society to which the compromise or arrangement relates.
(5) The Registrar may, with the previous approval of the State Government, exempt any class of creditors from the operation of this section or any provisions thereof.
(6) A compromise or arrangement confirmed by the Registrar shall not be called in question in any Civil Court.
(7) If a creditor in respect of whom a compromise or arrangement has been confirmed by the Registrar under sub-section (2), fails to receive the amount payable to him under such compromise or arrangement after due notice to do so within the period specified in such notice, the society or the liquidator, as the case may be, shall deposit the amount in such manner as may be directed by the Registrar. On the making of such deposit the amount payable to the creditor under the compromise or arrangement shall be deemed to have been paid to the extent of the deposit.
(8) A compromise or an arrangement between a society and its creditors or any class of them confirmed by the Registrar under sub-section (2) shall cease to be in force as soon as the whole amount of the liability determined thereunder has been or is deemed to have been paid whether under the provisions of this section or otherwise notwithstanding that the period originally stipulated for the discharge of such liability has not expired.
(9) After such compromise or arrangement has ceased to be in force no further claim shall remain against the
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society, or against any property, movable or immovable which it may acquire thereafter, in respect of the liability which had been the subject of the compromise or arrangement, and the society shall be free to conduct its normal business.
Action and liability of Banks under moratorium.
17-A Where an order of moratorium has been made by the Central Government under sub-section (2) of section 45 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (No. 10 of 1949) in respect of Co-operative Bank, the Registrar with the previous approval of the Reserve Bank in writing may, during the period of moratorium, prepare a scheme,-
(i) for the reconstruction or re-organisation of the Co-operative Bank; or
(ii) for the amalgamation of the Co-operative Bank with any other Bank.
Liability of new Bank to repay to the Deposit Insurance Corporation.
17-B Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, where a Co-operative Bank being an insured bank within the meaning of the Deposit Insurance Corporation Act, 1961 (No.47 of 1961) is amalgamated or in respect of which a scheme of compromise or arrangement or of reconstruction or reorganisation has been sanctioned and the Deposit Insurance Corporation has become liable to pay to the depositors of the insured bank under sub-section
(2) of section 16 of that Act, the bank with which such insured bank is amalgamated or the new Co- operative bank formed after such amalgamation or, as the case may be, the insured bank or transferee bank shall be under an obligation to repay to the Deposit Insurance Corporation in the circumstances, to the extent and in the manner referred to in section 21 of the Deposit Insurance Corporation Act, 1961 (No. 47 of 1961)
Cancellation of registration.
18 (1) The Registrar shall make an order cancelling the registration of a society if it transfers the whole of its assets and liabilities to another society, or amalgamates with another society, or divides itself into two or more societies or it is de-registered under the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 24 or it is wound up under section 102. The society shall, from the date of such order of cancellation, be deemed to be dissolved and shall cease to exist as a corporate
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body.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act if any proceedings relating to the winding up or dissolution of a society are pending immediately before the commencement of this Act, such proceedings shall after such commencement be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of the law under which such society was registered or deemed to be registered.
De-registration of societies.
18-A (1) If the Registrar is satisfied that any society is registered on misrepresentation made by applicants, or where the work of the society is completed or the purposes for which the society has been registered are not served, he may, after giving an opportunity of being heard to the committee, de-register the society.
(2) When a society is de-registered under the provisions of sub-section (1), the Registrar may,
notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, make such incidental and consequential order including appointment of official assignee as the circumstances may require.
(3) Subject to the rules made under this Act, the official assignee shall realize the assets and liquidate the liabilities within a period of one year from the date he takes over the charge of property, assets, books, records and other documents. The period aforesaid may, at the discretion of the Registrar, be extended from time to time, so however, that the total period does not exceed three years in the aggregate.
(4) The official assignee shall be paid such remuneration and allowances as may be prescribed.
(5) The powers of the Registrar under sub-section (1) and (2) shall not be exercised by any officer below the rank of a Joint Registrar of Co-operative Societies.
CHAPTER III
MEMBERS, THEIR RIGHTS, LIABILITIES AND PRIVILEGES
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Persons who may become members.
19 (1) No persons shall be admitted as a member of a society except the following, namely:-
(a) an individual competent to contract under section 11 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (No. 9 of 1872);
(b) any other society;
(c) a public trust registered under the Chhattisgarh Public Trusts Act, 1951 (No. 30 of 1951);
(d) a firm, company or any other body corporate, not having minors as partners or directors, registered established or constituted, as the case may be, under any law for the time being in force;
(e) a society registered under the Chhattisgarh Societies Registration Act, 1959 (No. 1 of 1960), as may be approved by the State Government in this behalf by general or special order;
(f) the State Government:
Provided that the provisions of clause (a) shall not apply to,-
(i) an individual seeking admission to a society exclusively formed for the benefit of students;
(ii) a minor acting through a guardian appointed by the Court.
(2) Notwithstanding anything to contrary in this Act or rules or in the byelaws of a society, where the State Government has contributed to the share capital of a society, the liability of the State Government shall be limited to the face value of the shares held by it. (2-A) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or rules made there under or in the byelaws of a resource society or consumers society, as the case may be, if any person duly qualified for admission as a member under the provisions of this Act and the byelaws of that Society makes an application for membership of such Society he shall be deemed to have been admitted as a member of such Society from the date of receipt of the application in the office thereof;
Provided that the Registrar may, either on his own motion at any time or on an application by
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the society or any aggrieved person made within fifteen days from the aforesaid date and after giving reasonable opportunity to the society or person concerned by order, declare such person as not eligible for membership of such society for the reasons mentioned therein, within forty five days from the date of receipt of application by the Registrar.
(3) Where a student, who is not competent to contract under section 11 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 ( 9 of 1872), desires to become a member of a society formed exclusively for the benefit of students, his application for the registration of a society or his application for membership shall be accompanied by a written undertaking from his guardian or other person competent to contract under section 11 of the said Act in the prescribed form, in respect of the liability of the student as a member.
(4) Where a person is refused admission as a member in a society, the decision refusing admission shall be communicated by the society to that person within thirty days of the date of such decision.
(5) No society shall, without sufficient cause, refuse admission to membership to any person, duly qualified there for under the provisions of this Act and the byelaws of the society.
(6) Any person aggrieved under sub-section (4) or sub- section (5) may appeal to the Registrar within ninety days of the date of rejection.
(7) The decision of the Registrar in appeal shall be final and the Registrar shall communicate his decision to the parties within thirty days from the date thereof.
Disqualifications of member.
19-A No person shall be eligible for admission as member and any member shall cease to be a member of a society, if -
(a) he is an applicant to be adjudicated or is an un- discharged insolvent;
(b) he has been sentenced for an offence involving moral turpitude and a period of five years has not elapsed from the date of expiry of sentence;
(bb) he has been sentenced for an offence under the provisions of the Protection of Civil Rights
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Act, 1955 (No. 22 of 1955) and a period of six years has not elapsed from the date of expiry of sentence;
(c) he or any member of his family, having common interest with him, carries on business similar to one carried on by the society:
Provided that the provisions of clause (b) shall not apply to a person seeking admission as member of a society exclusively formed or to be formed for the reclamation of Vimukta Jatis.
(d) If he is disqualified under section 48-A of the Act:
(e) if he is a person who has been dismissed from the service of any co-operative institution or Government service.
(f) In case of a Primary Agriculture Credit Co- operative Society, he is not a Bhumiswami, occupancy tenant or a Government lessee holding agricultural land;
Explanation.- For the purposes of this sub-section-
(i) "Vimukta Jatis" means such tribes as the State Government may, from time to time, by general or special order, declare as Vimukta Jatis for the purpose of this sub-section;
(ii) the business carried on by a trader including that of money lending shall be deemed to be similar to the business carried on by a marketing society.
Disqualification for membership of
committee and for representation.
19-
AA
No Person shall be eligible for election as a member of the committee of a society and shall cease to hold his office as such if he suffers from such disqualification as may be prescribed. No society shall elect any member as its representative to the committee of any other society or to represent the society in other society, if he suffers from such disqualification, as may be prescribed:
Provide that, if a member suffers from any of the disqualification prescribed under this section-
Effect of subsequent disabilities.
19-B If any person having been admitted as a member of a society subsequently becomes subject to any of the
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disqualifications specified in section 19-A such person shall cease to be a member of the society and the Registrar shall declare his seat to be vacant.
Expulsion of members.
19-C (1) The committee may, by a resolution passed by three-fourth majority of the members present and voting at a meeting held for the purposes, expel a member if he,-
(a) intentionally does any act likely to injure the credit of the society or bring it to disrepute ; or
(b) wilfully deceives the society by false statements; or
(c) carries on any business which comes or is likely to come into conflict with the business carried on by the society; or
(d) persistently makes default in payment of his dues or fails to comply with any provisions of the bye-laws;
Provided that no such resolution shall be valid unless the member concerned has been given seven day's notice, either personally or by registered post, of the proposal to expel him and has been given an opportunity to represent his case to the committee.
(1-A) Any person aggrieved by the resolution of the Committee under sub-section (1) may appeal before the Registrar within 30 days of the communication of such resolution.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Act, or rules or bye-laws made there under, where it appears to the Registrar that it is necessary and desirable in the interest of the society to expel a member from the society for his indulging in any of the activities specified in sub-section (1), he may call upon such member and the society, to explain within a period to be specified by him, why such member should not be expelled from the society. If the member or society fails to submits his or its explanation, within the specified period or after considering the explanation, if received, the Registrar may pass an order expelling a member from the society
(3) No person who has been expelled shall be eligible for re-admission as a member of the co-operative for
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a period of one year from the date of such expulsion.
(4) Expulsion of a member from a society may involve forfeiture of shares held by the member in such society.
Nominal members. 20 Notwithstanding anything contained in section 19, a society may admit any person as a nominal member
who shall have no share either in the management or profits of a society and shall not be subject to any contributory liability in the case of winding up the society.
No rights of membership to be exercised till due payments are made.
21 No member shall exercise the rights of a member unless he has made such payment to the society in respect of membership or acquired such interest in the society as may be prescribed or as may be specified in the bye-laws of such society.
Votes of members. 22 (1) Every member of the society shall have one vote in the affairs of the society.
(2) (a) The voting right of federal society shall be so regulated that the members, which are
societies, do not have less than four-fifths of the total number of votes in the general meeting of such society.
(b) In case of federal society the voting rights of individual members (which term shall include public trust, firm, company or body corporate, society registered under the Chhattisgarh Society Registrikaran Adhiniyam, 1973 (No 44 of 1973), and State Government but shall not include a co-operative society) shall be regulated in such manner as may be prescribed.
(3) every affiliated co-operative society through its properly authorised representative and every delegate referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (2) shall have one vote in the general meeting.
(4) The quorum for the meeting shall, unless otherwise provided in the byelaws of a society, be one-fifth of the total number of delegates and representatives of the societies:
Provided that the delegates shall not at any time in the meeting exceed one-fifth of the member representatives of the societies.
(5) The elections of delegates shall be held in accordance with the provisions prescribed for
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election of the members of the committee.
(6) Any vacancy of a delegate caused on account of cessation of membership or otherwise, shall be filled in by delegates by co-opting one of the individual members of the group to which the vacancy relates.
(7) unless otherwise directed by the Registrar in respect of any particular society the delegates on the committee shall not at any time exceed one-third of the number of representatives of societies(fractions being neglected)
(8) In the case of equality of votes the Chairman shall have a second or casting vote.
Manner of exercising vote.
23. (1) Every member of a society shall exercise his vote in person and no member shall be permitted to vote by proxy:
Provided that subject to any rules made
under this Act,-
(i) (a) a society which is a member of another society may appoint one of its members as a representative to vote on its behalf,
(b) a group of individual members formed by the society in accordance with its bye- laws may elect one of the members in the group as a delegate to vote on their behalf.
(ii) the State Government may nominate one of its officers as its representative, to vote or otherwise participate in its behalf in the affairs of the society of which such society or the State Government is a member;
(iii) a public trust which is a member of a society may appoint, in writing, any one of its trustees to vote on its behalf;
(iv) a firm which is a member of a society may appoint, in writing, any one of it major partners to vote on its behalf; and
(v) a company or any other body corporate which is a member of a society may appoint in writing, any of its directors or officers to vote on its behalf.
(2) Where a share is held jointly by more than one person and if,-
(i) in respect of such share a share certificate is
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issued by the society, the person whose name stands first in such share certificate; and
(ii) in respect of such share no share certificate is issued by the society, the person whose name stands first in the register of members maintained by such society;
shall have the right to vote.
Restriction on holding of share capital by a member
24 In any society, no member, other than the State Government or any other society, shall,-
(a) hold more than such portion of the total share capital of the society not exceeding one-fifth thereof as may be prescribed; or
(b) have or claim any interest in the shares of the society exceeding twenty thousand rupees;
Provided that the State Government may, by notification, specify in respect of any class of societies a maximum exceeding one-fifth of the share capital or twenty thousand rupees, as the case may be.
Restrictions on transfer of shares or interest.
25 (1) The transfer of a share or interest of a member in the share capital of a society shall be subject to the restrictions as to the maximum holdings specified in section 24.
(2) No transfer by a member of his share or interest in a society shall be valid unless,-
(a) the member has held such share or interest for not less than one year;
(b) the transfer is made to the society or to a member of the society; and
(c) the transfer is approved by the committee.
Transfer of interest on death of member.
26 (1) On the death of a member, a society may transfer the share or interest of the deceased member to the person nominated in accordance with the rules made in this behalf, or, if there is no person so nominated, to such person as may appear to the Committee to be the heir or legal representative of the deceased member, or pay to such nominee, heir or legal representative, as the case may be, a sum representing the value of such member's interest, as ascertained in accordance with rules or bye-laws.
(2) A society may pay all other moneys due to the
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deceased member from the society to such nominee, heir or legal representative, as the case may be.
(3) All transfers and payments made by a society in accordance with the provisions of this section shall be valid and effectual against any demand made upon the society by any other person.
Share or deposit or interest not liable to attachments.
27 Subject to the provisions of section 39 the share or interest or deposit of a member in the capital or working capital of society or in the loan stock issued by a housing society or in the funds raised by a society from its members by way of savings deposit or by compulsory deductions made by it from wages or in the form of surcharge on the value of sale or supply of goods to members, shall not be liable to attachment or sale under any decree or order of a court for or in respect of any debt or liability incurred by the members or past members and accordingly neither a Receiver under the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 (No. 5 of 1920), nor any such person or authority under any corresponding law for the time being in force shall be entitled to , or have any claim on such share or interest or deposit.
Rights of members to see books, etc.
28 (1) Every society shall keep open to inspection for its members free of any charge, at all reasonable times at the registered address of society,-
(a) a copy of this Act;
(b) a copy of the rules;
(c) a copy of the bye-laws of the society;
(d) a register of members,-
(e) the last audited annual balance sheet, the profit and loss account; and
(f) the minutes of the general meetings.
(2) All registers and record of a society except books and other documents relating to accounts other than one's own shall be open to inspection in the office of the society by any member of such society on payment of such fee as may be specified in the bye- laws.
(3) Subject to such conditions and on payment of such
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fees as may be specified in the bye-laws, the society shall, on an application made by any member thereof grant him a certified copy of such records or registers or extracts thereof.
Liability of a past member or estate of deceased member.
29 (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), the liability of a past member or of the estate of a deceased member of a society for the debts of the society as they stood:-
(a) in case of a past member, on the date on which he ceased to be a member, and
(b) in case of a deceased member, on the date of his death;
shall continue for a period of two years from such date.
(2) Where a society is ordered to be wound up under any provisions of this Act, the liability of a past member or of the estate of a deceased member who ceased to be a member or died, within two years immediately preceding the date of the order for winding up shall continue until the entire liquidation proceedings are completed; but such liability shall extend only to the debts of the society as they stood on the date of his ceasing to be a member or of his death as the case may be.
Insolvency of members.
30 Notwithstanding anything contained in the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 (5 of 1920), in an insolvency proceeding against a member of a society, the dues of the society shall have priority over all other dues except those payable to Government.
CHAPTER IV
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DUTIES, PRIVILEGES, PROPERTYAND FUNDS OF SOCIETIES
Societies to be body
corporate.
31 The registration of a society shall render it a body corporate by the name under which it is registered, having perpetual succession and a common seal, and with power to hold property, enter into contracts, institute and defend suits and other legal proceedings and to do all things necessary for the purposes for which it was constituted.
Address of society and display of name.
32 (1) Every society shall have an address registered in accordance with the rules to which all notices and communications may be sent, and shall send a notice in writing to the Registrar of any change therein within thirty days of the change.
(2) Every society shall display its name and the address of its registered office and the words "Registered Under Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960" in legible characters in conspicuous position-
(a) at every office or place at which it carries on business;
(b) in all notices and other official publications;
(c) on all its contracts, business letter, orders for goods, invoices, statements of account, receipts and letters of credit; and
(d) on all bills of exchange, promissory notes, endorsements, cheques and orders for money it signs or that are signed on its behalf.
(3) The name of every society shall contain the words
"Co-operative" and "limited" or their equivalent in official language of the State.
Register of members 33 (1) Every society shall keep a register of its members and enter therein the following particulars, namely:-
(a) the name, address and occupation of each member;
(b) the share held by each member in the case of a society having share capital;
(c) the date on which each person was admitted as a member;
(d) the date on which any person ceased to be a member; and
(e) such other particulars as may be prescribed:
Provided that, where a society has under this
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Act, permitted a member to transfer his share or interest on death, to any person, the register shall also show against the member concerned the name of the person entitled to the share or interest of the member and the date on which the nomination was recorded.
(2) The register shall be prima facie evidence of the date on which any person was admitted to the society as a member and of the date on which he ceased to be member.
Proof of entries in society's books.
34
(1) A copy of any entry in the book of a society regularly kept in the course of its business, shall, if certified in such manner as may be prescribed, be received, in any suit or legal proceedings or for any other purposes as prima facie evidence of such entry and shall be admissible in evidence in respect of the matter, transactions and accounts therein recorded in the same manner and to the same extent as the original entry.
(2) Copies given by a society of any document obtained and kept by it in the course of its business or any entries in such document shall, if certified in the prescribed manner, be admissible in evidence in any suit or legal proceedings or for any other purpose in the same manner and to the same extent as the original document, or the entries therein, as the case may be.
(3) No officer of a society and no officer, in whose office the books of a society are deposited after liquidation shall, in any legal proceedings to which the society or the liquidator is not a party, be compelled to produce any of the society's books or documents, the contents of which can be proved under this section or to appear as a witness to prove the matters, transactions and accounts therein recorded, except under order of the court, or the arbitrator, made for special cause.
Societies to give pass book to members.
34-A (1) A society which gives loans to its members or a society or class of societies which the State Government may notify in the official Gazettee, from time to time, shall furnish to each member a pass book, which shall contain an account of the transactions with the member, such as, the date of
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the transaction, the amount of loan advanced, the rate of interest, the repayment made by the member, the amount of the principal and interest due and such other particulars as may be prescribed. The necessary entries shall be made in the pass book from time to time which shall be counter signed by such office-bearer of the society as may be authorised in this behalf by the committee. For this purpose, the member shall be bound to present the passbook to such office-bearer and if the passbook is required to be kept for some time for making the necessary entries the member shall be granted a receipt there of, by such office-bearer.
(2) The entries in the passbook duly made shall, until the contrary is proved, be prima facie evidence of the account of transactions of the society with the member.
Exemption from compulsory registration or instruments.
35 Nothing in clause (b) and (c) of sub-section (1) of section 17 of the Indian Registration Act, 1908 (16 of 1908) shall apply to, -
(a) any instrument relating to share in a society notwithstanding that the assets of the society consist in whole or in part of immovable property; or
(b) any debentures issued by any such society and not creating, declaring, assigning, limiting or extinguishing any right, title or interest to or in immovable property except in so far as it entitles the holder to the security afforded by a registered instrument whereby the society has mortgaged, conveyed or otherwise transferred the whole or part of its immovable property or any interest therein to trustees upon trust for the benefit of the holder of such debentures; or
(c) any endorsement upon, or transfer of, any debenture issued by any such society; or
(d) any declaration made by a member in favour of a society for creating a charge on land under section 41 and its assignment by the said society in favour of the financing bank or the federal society to which it is affiliated and further assignment by such financing bank or
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federal society in favour of the Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Bank Limited, or any other federal society.
Explanation.- For the purposes of this section, a financing bank shall include the Reserve Bank of India, the State Bank of India, the corresponding new bank specified in First Schedule to the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (No. 5 of 1970), and such other Bank as the State Government may, from time to time, by notification, specify in this behalf.
Borrowings. 36 A society may receive deposits and loans from the State Government, Banks, Financing bodies,
Corporate Bodies under any law, operating in the State and individuals under the provision of the byelaws of the society. It may also receive funds as a share capital under specific agreement or approved project by way of granting nominal membership.
Restrictions on loans.
37 (1) No society shall make a loan to,-
(a) any person who is not a member;
(b) any member on the security of its own shares;
(c) any member on the security of a non- member;
Provided that a society may make loans to another society and/or nominal member as provided in the byelaws of the society.
(1A) a society making a loan to its members who have been provided with "Bhoo-Adhikar Avam Rin Pustika" prescribed under section 114-A of the Chhattisgarh Land Revenue Code, 1959 (No. 20 of 1959) shall enter all transactions of loans; advances and recoveries thereof in the aforesaid Bhoo- Adhikar Avam Rin-Pustika.
(1B) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Act, rules made thereunder and byelaws of the society, in case of an omission in making entry of a loan or advance made to members of the society, it shall be presumed that no such loan or advances has been made unless proved otherwise by the society;
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(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), a society may make a loan to a depositor on the security of his deposit.
(3) The Registrar may, by general or special order, prohibit or restrict the lending of money on the security of movable property or on the mortgage of immovable property by any society or class of societies.
(4) If an officer or employee of a society entrusted with the work of making an entry of any transaction of loans, advances and recoveries thereof in the "Bhoo- Adhikar Avam Rin Pustika" referred to in sub- section (1-A) fails to make such entry in the said Pustika the Registrar may by order impose a penalty on him of any amount not exceeding rupees five hundred. The order imposing a penalty shall be enforced in accordance with the provisions of section 85.
Society not to recover or receive interest greater than the principal.
37-A Notwithstanding anything contained in any agreement or any law for the time being in force, no society shall, in respect of any lone advanced by it to a member belonging to scheduled caste or scheduled tribes, or other members owing 5 acre irrigated or 10 acre un-irrigated land, whether before or after commencement of the Madhya Pradesh Co- operative Societies (Second Amendment) Act 1979 which is repayable within a period not exceeding ten years from the date of its advance, charge, recover or receive towards interest thereon during the currency of such loan a sum greater than the principal and any sum charged, recovered or received in excess thereof shall, if the loan is subsisting be adjusted, towards repayment of the Principal till it is fully repaid and in any other case, shall be refunded to the debtor member within sixty days of the date on which the payment towards interest exceeds the limit aforesaid:
Provided that nothing in this Section shall apply to loans advanced by a Development Bank and an Urban Co-operative Bank.
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Restrictions on other transactions with non-members.
38 Save as provided in section 36 and 37, the transactions of a society with persons other than members shall be subject to such restrictions, if any, as may be prescribed.
Charge and set-off in respect of share or interest of members.
39 A society shall have a charge upon the share or interest in the capital and on the deposits of a member, past member or deceased member and upon any dividend, bonus or profits payable to a member, past member or deceased member, in respect of any debt or outstanding demand owing to the society from such member or past member of deceased member and may set-off any sum credited or payable to a member, past member or deceased member in or towards payment of any such debt or outstanding demand:
Provided that no financing bank shall have a charge upon any sum invested in such bank by a society as reserve fund if such bank is not the sole creditor of the society or upon any sum invested in such bank from any Provident Fund nor shall such bank be entitled to set-off any such sum credited or payable to the society in or towards payment of any debt or outstanding demand owing to such bank from such society.
Prior claim of society on certain assets.
40. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, but subject to any prior claim of the State Government in respect of land revenue or any money recoverable as arrears of land revenue and to any claim of a development bank arising out of a loan granted at any time whatsoever under the Chhattisgarh Sahakari Krishi Aur Gramin Vikas Bank Adhiniyam, 1999 ( 20 of 2000), any debt or outstanding demand owing to a society by any member or past member or deceased member, shall be a first charge upon the crops and other movable property belonging to such member, past member or forming part of the estate of the deceased member, as the case may be;
Provided that where any prior claim of the State Government arises out of a loan granted under the Land Improvement Loans Act, 1883 (19 of
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1883) or the Agriculturists Loans Act, 1884 (12 of 1884) and such loan is granted after the grant of loan by a society the loan granted by the society shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the said enactments, have priority over such claim of the Government.
(2) No person shall transfer any property, which is subject to a charge under sub-section (1) except with the previous permission in writing of the society which holds the charge;
Provided that it shall always be lawful for a member or past member to create a charge in favour of a Development Bank under the Chhattisgarh Sahakari Krishi Aur Gramin Vikas Bank Adhiniyam, 1999 ( 20 of 2000), for dues thereof.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force any transfer of property made in contravention of the provisions of sub-section (2) shall be void as against any claim of the society in respect of any debt or outstanding demand owing to it which is a first charge on such property under sub- section (1).
First charge of Co- operative societies on certain assets.
41 (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, but subject to any prior claim of the State Government in respect of land revenue or any money recoverable as arrears of land revenue or to any of claim of a development bank arising out of a loan granted at any time whatsoever under the Chhattisgarh Sahakari Krishi Aur Gramin Vikas Bank Adhiniyam, 1999 ( 20 of 2000), or by a bank under Chhattisgarh Krishi Udhar Pravartan Tatha Prakirn Upbandha (Bank) Adhiniyam, 1972 (No. 32 of 1973), any debt or outstanding demand owing to a society by a member or past member or deceased member shall be first charge in favour of the society on,-
(a) the land owned by such member or past member or forming part of the estate of the deceased member, as the case may be; and
(b) his interest in any land as a tenant if such member owns such interest;
against which such debt was granted or such
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outstanding demand stands, for and to the extent of the debt, or outstanding demand owing by him:
Provided that where any prior claim of the State Government arises out of the loan granted under the Land Improvement Loans Act, 1883 (No. 19 of 1884), and such loan is granted after the grant of loan by a society, the loan granted by the society shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the said enactment, have priority over such claim of the Government;
(2) No member shall alienate the whole or any part of the land or interest therein which is subject to charge under sub-section (1) until the whole amount borrowed by the member together with interest is paid in full:
Provided that it shall be lawful for a member or a past member to mortgage in favour of-
(i) a Development Bank; or
(ii) a bank under the Chhattisgarh Krishi Udhar Pravartan Tatha Prakirn Upbandha (Bank) Adhiniyam, 1972 (No. 32 of 1973); or
(iii) the State Government,- such land or any part thereof under the rules made under the Chhattisgarh Irrigation Act, 1931 (No. 3 of 1931), for supply of water from a canal to such land or any part thereof.
(3) Any alienation made in contravention of the provisions of sub-section (2) shall be void as against any claim of the society in respect of the loan taken from it under this section;
(4) Intimation in writing shall be given to the Tahsildar about the details of the debt or outstanding demand owing to the society from a member, past member or deceased member in the prescribed manner and the Tahsildar shall on receipt of such information, have it entered in the Record of Rights.
Right of society to acquire and dispose of immovable
property.
41-A (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, a society shall have power to acquire agricultural land or interest therein, or any immovable property which has been charged or mortgaged to it by a member in respect of any financial assistance availed of by him, provided the
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said land or interest therein or any other immovable property has been sought to be sold by public auction and no person has offered to purchase it for a price which is sufficient to pay to the society the money due to it;
Provided that only such portion of the property shall be sold as may be reasonably sufficient to satisfy the debt and interest thereon.
(2) A society which acquires land or interest therein or any other immovable property in exercise of the power vested in it under sub-section (1), may dispose it of by sale within a period to be specified by the Registrar in this behalf,
(3) If the society has to lease out any land acquired by it under sub-section (1),pending sale thereof as indicated in sub-section (2) the period of lease shall not exceed one year at a time and the lessee shall not acquire any interest in that property, notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary in any other law for the time being in force.
(4) A sale by a society of land or interest therein in terms of this section shall be subject to the provisions of any other law for the time being in force providing for restrictions on purchase of land by non-agriculturists or in excess of ceiling limits or involving fragmentation of land below a specified limit.
(5) Nothing in this section shall be construed to empower the society to sell any land or interest therein of a person belonging to an aboriginal tribe, which has been declared to be an aboriginal tribe by the State Government by notification under sub- section (6) of section 165 of the Chhattisgarh Land Revenue Code, 1959 (No. 20 of 1959) to a person not belonging to such tribe.
(6) Nothing in the Chhattisgarh Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings Act, 1960 (No. 20 of 1960) shall apply to a society acquiring land under sub-section (1) and holding such land till such time as the society is in a position to sell the land in the manner provided in this section or otherwise, at a price which is adequate to cover its dues.
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Deduction from salary to meet society's claim in certain cases.
42 (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, a member of a society may execute an agreement in favour of such society providing that his employer shall be competent to deduct from the salary or wages payable to him by the employer, such amount, as may be specified in the agreement and to pay the amount so deducted to the society in satisfaction of any debt or other demand owing by the member to the society.
(2) On the execution of such agreement, it shall not be necessary to have the debt or claim adjudged by any authority and the employer shall, if so required by the society, by a requisition in writing and so long as the society does not intimate that the whole of such debt or demand has been paid, make the deduction in accordance with the agreement and pay the amount so deducted to the society, as if it were a part of the salary, or wages payable on the day as required under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (No 4 of 1936).
(3) If after the receipt of a requisition, made under sub- section (2), the employer at any time fails to deduct the amount specified in the requisition from the salary or wages payable to the members concerned or makes default in remitting the amount deducted to the society, the society shall be entitled to recover any such amount from the employer as an arrear of land revenue and the amount so due from the employer shall rank in priority in respect of the liability of the employer equal to that of the wages in arrears.
(4) The provisions of this section shall also apply to all such agreements of the nature referred to in sub- section (1) as were in force on the date of the commencement of the Act,
(5) Nothing contained in this section shall apply to persons employed in railways, mines and oil- fields.
(6) For the purposes of this section, Drawing and Disbursing Officer shall be deemed to be an employer in respect of a Government servant.
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Funds and profits. 43 (1) No part of the funds of a society other than the net profits shall be paid by way of bonus or dividend or
otherwise distributed amongst its members;
Provided that a member may be paid
remuneration on such scale as may be laid down by
the bye-laws for any services rendered by him to the
society.
(2) A society shall, out of its net profits in any year,-
(a) transfer an amount not being less than twenty- five percent of such profits to the reserve funds unless such society has been, by general or special order, partially or wholly exempted in this behalf by the Registrar; and
(b) pay to the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Union Limited and to such other institutions or unions as may be specified by the Registrar in this behalf, such contribution as may be prescribed.
(c) transfer at least twenty per cent to an equity redemption fund by such societies which have Government equity participation.
(3) No society shall pay dividend to its members at the rate exceeding twenty five per cent, except with the prior approval of the Registrar.
(4) A society may, with the sanction of the Registrar, after one fourth of the net profit in any year has been carried to the reserve fund, contribute not exceeding five per cent of the remaining net profits to any purpose connected with the development of Co- operative movement or charitable purpose as defined in section 2 of the Charitable Endowment Act, 1890 (No. 6 of 1890).
(5) No society shall make a contribution either in money or in kind, either directly or indirectly to an organisation that has an object in furtherance of the interest of a political party or of any religious faith.
Appropriation of profits.
43-A (1) A society earning profit shall calculate the net profit by deducting from the gross profits for the year following:-
(a) all overdue interest accrued on loan accounts.
(b) management charges;
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(c) interest payable on loans and deposits;
(d) audit fee;
(e) working expenses, including repairs, rent, taxes;
(f) depreciation;
(g) bonus payable to employees under the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 (No. 21 of 1965);
(h) provision for payment of income-tax;
(i) provision for payment of subscription to the State/District Co-operative Union as may be notified;
(j) provision for development fund, bad debt fund, price fluctuation fund, dividend equalisation fund, investment fluctuation fund and such other funds as may be specified by the Registrar in this behalf;
(k) provision for retirement benefits to employees and in the case of societies engaged in consumer goods business, provision for purchase rebate to be paid to the members; and
(l) provision for writing off bad debts and losses not adjusted against any fund created out of profits.
(2) A society may, however, add to the net profits of the year, interest accrued in the preceding year but actually recovered during the year; the net profit thus arrived at, together with the amount of the profits brought forward from the previous year, shall be available for appropriation for the purposes of section 43.
Liability for deficit. 43-B (1) Where a society has an operational deficit in any year, the committee shall place before the general
body the reasons therefor.
(2) The general body shall examine the reasons and where the deficit has arisen in the normal course of business of the society the general body based on its examination may resolve to make good the operational deficit wholly or partially from members and or its reserves.
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Investment of funds 44 (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) and (3), a society may invest or deposit its funds,-
(a) in Government Savings Bank; or (aa) in a Co-operative Bank; or
(b) in any of the securities specified in section 20 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 (2 of 1882); or
(c) with the federal society of which it is a member or in the purchase of the share thereof; or
(d) with the approval of the Registrar, with any other society with limited liability or in the purchase of the shares or securities or debentures thereof; or
(e) with any bank approved for this purpose by the Registrar and on such terms and conditions, if any, as may be laid down by him in this behalf:
Provided that the approval of the Registrar shall not be necessary under clause (d) if shares are to be purchased to become a member thereof according to the bye-laws of such society.
(2) The reserve fund of a society shall be invested or utilized only in such manner and on such terms and conditions as may be laid down by Registrar in this behalf.
(3) No investment of any of its funds in immovable property, other than funds created for specified purposes, shall be made by a society other than a housing society without the approval of the Registrar.
(4) A society accepting deposits shall maintain, as a cover against such deposits, fluid resources to such extent and in such manner as may be specified by the Registrar from time to time.
Grant of State aid to societies.
45 (1) Any society desirous of having State aid otherwise than by way of contribution towards share capital may apply to the Registrar stating the reasons for seeking such State aid.
(2) On receipt of an application under sub-section (1) or otherwise, the Registrar may, if he is satisfied that such aid is necessary in the interest of the society,
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recommend to the State Government the grant of such aid. The State Government may thereupon grant such aid to the society as it may deem fit on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed.
Employee's Provident Fund.
46 (1) A society may establish a contributory Provident Fund for the benefit of its employees to which shall be credited all contributions made by the employees and the society in accordance with the bye-laws of the society.
(2) A contributory Provident Fund established by a society under sub-section (1) -
(a) shall not be used in the business of the society;
(b) shall not form part of the assets of the society;
(c) shall not be liable to attachment or be subject to any other process of any court or other authority; and
(d) shall be administered in such manner as may be prescribed.
Power to direct affiliation to Federal Society.
47 The State Government may, by a general or special order, direct that all or any of the societies situated within a specified area shall be affiliated to the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Union or to a District Co- operative Union or to any other union in such manner and on such conditions as the State Government may specify.
Apex Society. 47-A The Apex Society may, for servicing its constituents and in accordance with its byelaws, perform the
following functions;-
(a) safeguard the observance of the Co-operative principles;
(b) promote and organise Co-operative societies and for this purpose, frame model byelaws and guidelines for making various regulation and policies for consideration by the societies;
(c) provide Co-operative training, education and information, and propagate Co-operative principles;
(d) undertake research and evaluation and assist in preparation of perspective development plans of member societies;
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(e) promote harmonious relations between member societies;
(f) help member societies in the settlement of disputes among themselves and between a society and its members;
(g) represent the interest of member societies and lobby for policies and legislation favorable to societies;
(h) undertake business services on behalf of its members;
(i) provide Co-operation and management of development services to member societies including participation in board meetings where member societies are invited;
(j) ensure timely conduct of annual audit in member societies;
(k) ensure timely conduct of elections in member societies;
(l) assist member societies in regular conduct of general meetings;
(m) evolve code of conduct for observance by member societies;
(n) evolve viability norms for member societies;
(o) provide legal aid and advice to member societies;
(p) provide any other service in the interest of member societies.
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CHAPTER- V
MANAGEMENT OF SOCIETIES
Final authority in society.
48 (1) The final authority in a society shall vest in the general body of members;
Provided that the byelaws of a society may provide for the constitution of a smaller body consisting of delegates elected in accordance with such byelaws to exercise powers of the general body or as may be specified in the byelaws of the society.
(2) Subject to sub-section (1), the management of every society shall vest in a committee constituted in accordance with this Act or rules made thereunder or byelaws of the society and it shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be conferred or imposed respectively by the Act or rules made thereunder or byelaws of the society.
(3) (a) On the committee of primary society
(i) In which half or more than half the members belong to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes not less than half the total number of seats, shall be reserved for the members belonging to such castes, trives and backward classes in such proportion as may be prescribed;
(ii) In which one fourth or more than one fourth, but less than half the members belong to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other background classes, three seats shall be reserved for the members belonging to such castes, tribes and background classes of which one seat each shall be reserved for each class;
(iii) In which the number of members belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes is less then one fourth of total numbers of members one seat shall be reserved for a member belonging to such castes, tribes and other backward classes, which has the larger number of members in the society.
(iv) Which is the operating in a Scheduled Area, the number of seats to be reserved for
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Scheduled Tribes shall bear as nearly as may be the same proportion as members belonging to Scheduled Tribes bear to the total memberships of the society.
Explanation: For the purpose of this clause the District Co-operative Agriculture And Rural Development Bank shall be deemed to be a primary society;
(b) On the Committee of such Central or Apex Society or class of Central or Apex Societies, as the State Govermment may having regard to the total membership of [Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes] in the Primary Societies affiliated to such Apex or Central Society, by general or special order, direct, such number of seats as may be specified in the order shall be reserved for the members belonging to of [Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes] Provided that the number of seat so reserved shall not exceed for each category of members;
Provided further that on the Committee of every Central or Apex Society of the Resource class at least one seat each shall be reserved for the members of [Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes]
(c) In the event of society failing to elect requisite number of members or electing less than such number of members, as is specified in clauses
(a) and (b), the members of the committee shall co-opt the requisite number of members from amongst members of such society eligible for such representation and in the event of the Committee failing to do so Registrar shall nominate the requisite number of members from amongst members of such society eligible for such representation;
(5) There shall be a President/Chairman and two Vice Presidents/ Vice-Chairmen in a resource society. Out of the two offices of Vice-president/ Vice- Chairman-
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(i) One shall be held by a woman member, and
(ii) One shall be held, if the chairman is not elected from amongst persons belonging to scheduled castes, scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes, by a person belonging to these categories and otherwise, by any person;
Provided that in case of such resource society other than a Nagrik Co-operative Bank or Urban Co- operative Credit Society or Thrift Society, operating in a Scheduled area, the chairman or president shall be elected only from amongst persons belonging to Scheduled Tribes.
Explanation: For the purpose of this Section-
(i) "Scheduled Caste" means any caste, race or tribe or part of or group within a caste, race of tribe specified in relation to State of Chhattisgarh under Article 341 of the Constitution of India.
(ii) "Scheduled Tribe" means any tribe, Tribal community or part of or group within a Tribe or Tribal community specified as such in relation to the State of Chhattisgarh under Article 342 of the Constitution of India. (5-A) There shall be a President or Chairman and Vice President or Vice Chairman in consumer society of whom one shall be a woman.
(6) No person who is individual member in a Central Co-operative Bank shall hold any specified office in the Central or Apex Society.
(7) In a resource society, no person who is a non- borrowing member shall be qualified for election as member of the committee, delegate or representative nor shall he be entitled to vote in any election of the committee, delegate or representative of the society:
Explanation.- A non-borrowing member shall be one who never borrowed from such a Bank or society in which he is a member. Provided that the provisions of this sub- section shall apply to the society from the date it commences its lending operations;
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Provided further that the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply to the society in so far as its first provisional committee/nominated committee is concerned.
Disqualification for holding specified office.
48-A (1) No person shall at the same time hold the specified office of more than one Apex Society, One Central Society and one Primary society.
Provided that the provisions of this sub-
section shall be applicable in case of societies of same classification.
(2) If any person who is holding a specified office in one Apex Society, one Central Society and one Primary Society is elected or appointed to a specified office in any other Apex or Central or Primary society, he may, by a letter in writing signed by him and addressed to the Registrar, within a period of one month from the date of his election or appointment to such specified office resigns from the specified office in all except one Apex Society and or one Central Society and or One Primary Society as the case may be.
(3) If any person required to resign under sub-section (2), fails to resign within the period specified therein, then at the expiration of such period he shall be deemed to have resigned from the specified office in all except one Apex Society and one Central Society and one Primary Society, as the case may be, in which he was already holding the specified office prior to such subsequent election or appointment to specified office in other Apex or Central or Primary Society.
Representatives and delegates.
48-B (1) Every committee of society shall at the time of election of Chairman or Vice-Chairman, also elect representative who shall represent it in other society and the representative so elected shall not be withdrawn by the Committee till the next election of the committee.
(2) (a) In a society where not less than half of the members belong to Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes, the representative shall be only from amongst the members belonging to such castes or tribes; and
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(b) In a society where not less than two-third of the members belong to other Backward Classes, the representative shall be from amongst the members belonging to such classes.
(3) If the byelaws of the society provide for the constitution of its general body by the elections of the delegates the society shall reserve seats in the general body for the members belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes in such a manner that the number of seats so reserved for each category shall as far as possible, be in the same proportion in which members of each category, shall bear to the total membership of the society.
Powers of Committee.
48-C The Board or the Committee of a society shall in accordance with the byelaws, have power to -
(a) admit and terminate membership;
(b) elect the Chairman and other office bearers;
(c) remove from office the Chairman and office bearers;
(d) fix staff strength with the approval of the Registrar;
(e) frame policies concerning,-
(i) organisation and provisions for services to members;
(ii) qualifications, recruitment, service conditions of the staff and other matters relating to staff with the approval of the Registrar;
(iii) mode of custody and investment of funds;
(iv) manner of keeping accounts;
(v) mobilisation, utilization and investment of funds;
(vi) monitoring and management of information system including statutory returns to be filed;
(f) place the annual report, annual financial statements, plan and budget for the approval of the general body;
(g) consider audit and compliance reports and place the same before the general body; and
(h) undertake such other functions as specified in the byelaws.
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Annual General Meeting.
49 (1) Every society shall within three months before the close of financial year call a general meeting of its members for the following purposes of;
(a) approval of the programme of the activities of the society prepared by the committee for the ensuring year;
(b) Election, if fallen due, of the members of the committee;
Explanation.-Election of the committee shall be deemed to have fallen due, if the term of the committee comes to an end within a period of three months from the date of the annual general meeting.
(c) consideration of the audit report, if received and the annual report;
(d) disposal of the net profit;
(c) consideration of any matter which may be brought forward in accordance with the byelaws; and
(f) presenting the budget for the next Co- operative year;
Provided that the Registrar may , save the meeting in which elections are to be held on expiration of the term of the committee specified in sub-section (7-A), extend the period for holding such meeting , by a further period not exceeding three months;
Provided further that in respect of a society where an order of liquidation has been issued under Section 69, annual general meeting shall not be necessary to be called.
(1-A) The election of the members of the Committee, Chairman, Vice-Chairman, President, Vice- President and representatives, if any shall be conducted by the Returning Officer in the prescribed manner.
(2) Notice of such meeting shall be sent to the Deputy/Assistant Registrar of the district in which the society is situated, at least fourteen clear days before the date of the meeting.
(3) The Deputy/Assistant Registrar may himself attend such meeting or depute any officer subordinate to him to attend it.
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(4) The Deputy/Assistant Registrar or the officer deputed by him, shall have the right to address the meeting in respect of any matter pertaining to the subject specified in clauses (a), (c), (d) and (e) of sub-section (1).
(5) If default is made in calling general meeting within the period prescribed therefor under sub-section (1) or in complying with the requirement of sub-section (1), the Registrar may, by order, declare any officer whose duty it was to call such meeting or comply with it the provisions of sub-section (1) and who without reasonable excuse failed to comply with any of the provisions of aforesaid sub-section, to be disqualified for being elected or being in office for such period not exceeding three years, as he may specify in such order and if the officer in an employee of the society impose a penalty on him of any amount not exceeding five thousand rupees:
Provided that no order shall be made under this sub-section unless the person concerned is given a reasonable opportunity of being heard by an officer not below the rank of Joint Registrar of Co- operative Societies.
(6) If the byelaws of a society provides for election of all or some members of the committee on territorial basis, such members of the committee shall be elected from the area in a meeting of the members of that area in accordance with the provisions of the byelaws on a date prior to that of general meeting. The results thereof shall be affixed on the notice board of the society and also at the place of the general meeting prior to the commencement of the proceedings in annual general meeting.
(7) At every annual general meeting of a society, the committee shall lay before the society a statement showing details of loans or advances, if any, outstanding during the proceeding years, in the name of the members of the committee, their family members and near relation .
Expiation :- For the purpose of sub-section (7) family members shall include wife, husband and dependent children.
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(7-A) (i) The term of the committee shall be five years from the date on which first meeting of the committee is held:
Provided that where a committee
superseded, suspended or removed under the Act is reinstated as a result of any order of any Court or authority, the period during which the committee remained under supersession, suspension out of office as the case may be, shall be excluded in computing the period of the term aforesaid.
(ii) The term of the representative elected by the committee of the society shall be co-terminus with the term of the committee of the society for which representative is elected:
Provided that the representative of a committee shall continue to hold his office till the expiry of the term of the committee of which he is a member.
(8) If the elections are not held before the expiry of the term specified in sub-section (7-A), or the extended term under deleted herein before sub-section (7-AA) all the members of the committee shall be deemed to have vacated their seats and the powers of the committee shall be deemed to have been vested in the Registrar and the Registrar shall hold elections as early as possible.
Provided that the Registrar may authorize any officer to exercise the powers of the committee vested in him under this sub-section and the officer so authorized shall exercise such powers form the date of such authorization.
(9) (a) Every society shall record in the minutes book, the minutes of all the proceedings of every general meeting and all other meetings of its committee.
(b) Such minutes shall be circulated to all the persons invited for the meeting, within thirty days from the conclusion of the meeting.
(c) The minutes so recorded shall be signed by the person who presided over the said meetings.
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Annulment of proceedings of society by successor committee
49-B Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or the rules made thereunder and byelaws of a society, any resolution passed by a committee shall not be modified or annulled by the successor committee without the previous sanction in writing of the Registrar.
Government's powers to give directions in public interest, etc
49-C (1) If the State Government, on receipt of a report from the Registrar or otherwise is satisfied that in the public interest or for the purpose of securing proper implementation of co-operative production and other development programmes approved or undertaken by Government, or to secure the proper management of the business of the society generally, or for preventing the affairs of the society being conducted in a manner detrimental to the interests to the members or of the depositors or the creditors thereof, it is necessary to issue directions to any class of societies generally or to any society or societies in particular, the State Government may issue directions to them from time to time, and all societies or the societies concerned, as the case may be, shall be bound to comply with such directions.
(2) The State Government may modify or cancel and directions issued under sub-section (1), and in modifying or cancelling such directions may impose such conditions as it may deem fit.
(3) Where the Registrar is satisfied that any person or committee responsible for complying with any directions or modified direction issued to a society under sub-section (1) or (2) has failed without sufficient reason or justification to comply with the directions, the Registrar may-
(i) in case of a committee, proceed against such committee in accordance with the provisions of section 53; and
(ii) in case of a person, if the person is a member of committee of the society or an employee of the society, proceed against such person in accordance with the provisions of Section 53-B or the rules framed under sub-section (1) of section 55 as the case may be:
Provided that directions involving financial losses to the societies will be given only with prior
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consent of the committee of such society and where necessary, of national financing institution, as well as after making the provision and advance allotment for compensating such losses fully.
Registrar's power to give directions to make regulations.
49-D (1) If the Registrar is of the opinion that, having regard to the financial condition of the society and financial interest of Government therein, it is necessary to regulate the manner of carrying on its trade or business, he may, subject to any rules made in this behalf, direct such society to make regulations in that behalf and forward them to him for approval.
(2) On receipt of the regulations made by the society, the Registrar may approve them with or without modifications. On approval of such regulations, the society shall carry on its business in according with regulations.
(3) If any society fails to forward such regulations to the Registrar when directed by him under sub-section
(1) within a period of three months from the date on which the direction is given, the Registrar shall make or cause to be made such regulations and require the society to carry on its business in accordance with such regulations and thereupon the society shall be bound to comply with such requirement.
Appointment of Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer in certain circumstances.
49-E (1) (a) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or rules or byelaws made thereunder for any Apex Society where the State Government has contributed to it share capital or has given loans or financial assistance or has guaranteed the repayment of loans granted in any other form, there shall be a Managing Director, not below the rank of a class I Officer, who shall be selected by a committee constituted at the State level consisting of the Agriculture Production Commissioner, Chairman of the Apex Society, Registrar Co-operative Societies and one
Director nominated by the Board of Apex
Society;
Provided that if the committee fails to select the Managing Director unanimously, the matter shall be referred to the State Government whose decision thereon shall be final.
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(b) The Managing Director shall be ex-officio member of the committee.
(2) (a) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, or the Rules or byelaws made thereunder for every Central society where the State
Government has contributed to its share capital or has given loans or financial assistance or has guaranteed the repayment of loans, debentures, or advances or has given grants in any other form, there shall be a Managing Director or a General Manager not below the rank of Class II officer who shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the society and ex-officio member of the committee;
(b) The Chief Executive Officer shall be appointed,-
(i) from among the Officers of the cadre maintained under Section 54 if such a cadre has been created;
(ii) in other cases with the prior approval of the Registrar.
(c) The Chief Executive Officer shall perform such duties and exercise such powers as may be prescribed.
Special General Meeting.
50 (1) The Committee may at any time, call a special general meeting of the society and shall call such meeting within one month after the receipt of a requisition in writing from the Registrar or from one-tenth of total number of members.
(2) If a special general meeting of a society is not called in accordance with the requisition referred to in sub- section (1), the Registrar or any person authorised by him in this behalf, shall have the power to call such meeting and that meeting shall be deemed to be a meeting called by the Committee.
(2-A) Where any officer or member of the committee whose duty was to call such a meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Act, or the rules or byelaws made thereunder fails without reasonable excuse to call such meeting, the Registrar may, by order, declare in case of member of the committee, such member of the committee to be disqualified for
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being a member of the committee for such period not exceeding seven years as he may specify in such order and in case of an officer of the society impose on him a penalty not exceeding five thousand rupees;
Provided that no order shall be made under this sub-section unless the person concerned is given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
(3) The matters before a special general meeting may include all or any of the matters specified in Section
49.
Disqualification for being candidate or voter for election to committee or
representative or delegate of society.
50-A (1) No person shall be qualified to be a candidate for election as member of the committee, representative or delegate if he is in default for a period exceeding 12 months to the society or any other society for any loan or advance taken by him as a member of such society.
(1-A) No person shall be qualified to be a candidate for election as a member of the committee,
representative or delegate if he has more than two living children one of whom is born on or after 26th January, 2001.
(1-B) A person elected to an office mentioned in sub- section (1-A) shall become disqualified to held such office if on or after 26thJanuary, 2001 a child is born which increases the number of his children to more than two.
(2) No person shall be entitled to vote at any election of the committee, representatives or delegates of the society, if he is in default for a period exceeding 12 months to the society or any other society for any loan or advance taken by him as a member of such society.
Validation of acts. 51 No act of a society or of any committee or of any officer shall be deemed to be invalid by reason only of the existence of any defect in procedure or in the constitution of the society or of the committee or in the appointment or election of an officer or on the ground that such officer was disqualified for his
appointment.
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Power to appoint Government
nominees.
52 (1) (1)Where the State Government -
(a) has subscribed to the share capital of a society; or
(b) has assisted indirectly in the formation or augmentation of the share capital of a society as provided in section 45; or
(c) has guaranteed the repayment of principal and payment of interest on debentures issued by a society; or
(d) has guaranteed the repayment of principal and payment of interest on loans and advances to a society;
the State Government or any authority specified by the State Government in this behalf shall have the right to nominate such number or Government official not exceeding two as it may deem fit on any or all of the committees of such society.
(2) A person nominated on the committee of a society under sub-section (1) shall hold office for such period and on such conditions, as may be prescribed.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, every person nominated on the committee of a society under sub-section (1) shall have one vote in such committee;
Provided that nominated person shall not be entitled to vote in any election of the office bearers of the committee of the society.
(4) When the Government has subscribed to the share capital of, or has guaranteed the repayment or principal and payment of interest on loans and advances to, a society to the extent of rupees three lakhs or more and the society has incurred loss to the extent of twenty-five per cent, or more of its owned capital, the State Government may, Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the rules made thereunder or byelaws of the society, nominate one of the members nominated by it under sub-section
(1) as Chairman of the committee of the society and further appoint one of the nominated members as Managing Director/ General Manager/ Manager of the society.
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Representation of women member on committee.
52-B If the opinion of the State Government, It is necessary to provide adequate representation to women members on a committee of such society or class of societies, as it may, by general or special order, specify it may direct such society to provide reservation of seat for women on its committee. Provided that the number of seats so reserved shall not exceed four in such committee. Provided further that in the event of a society failing to elect the requisite number of women members in its committee or to elect less than such number of women members, the remaining members of the committee shall co-opt the requisite number of women members from amongst women members of such society entitled to such representation and in the event of committee failing to co-opt requisite renumber of women members the Registrar shall nominate the requisite number of women members from amongst women members of such societies entitled to such representation.
Supersession of committee.
53 (1) If, in the opinion of the Registrar, the committee of any society,-
(a) is negligent in the performance of the duties imposed on it by or under this Act or bye-laws of the society or by any lawful order passed by the Registrar or is unwilling to perform such duties; or
(b) commits acts which are prejudicial to the interests of the society or its members; or
(c) violates the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder or byelaws of the society or any order passed by the Registrar;
the Registrar may, by order in writing, remove the committee and appoint a person or persons to manage the affairs of the society for a specified period not exceeding two years in the first instance; Provided that in case of a Co-operative Bank, the order of supersession shall not be passed without previous consultation with Reserve Bank; Provided further that if no communication containing the views of the Reserve Bank of India, on action proposed is received within forty-five days of the receipt by that Bank of the request soliciting
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consultation, it shall be presumed that the Reserve Bank of India agrees with the proposed action and the Registrar shall be free to pass such order as may be deemed fit;
Provided also that in case of a Co-operative bank, if so required by the Reserve Bank in the public interest or for preventing the affairs of the Co-operative Bank being conducted in a manner, detrimental to the interest of the depositors or for securing the proper management of a Co-operative Bank, the Registrar shall pass an order for the supersession of its committee or managing body by whatever name called and for appointment of an Administrator therefore for such period or periods not exceeding five years in the aggregate, as may from time to time be specified by the Reserve Bank and on such appointment, the provisions of sub- section (4), (5), (6) and (8) shall apply as if orders were passed under sub-section (1);
Provided also that if a non-official is appointed in the committee of a primary society, he shall be from amongst the members of that society, entitled for such representation and in case of Central or Apex society, if a person is appointed in the committee of such society, he shall be a member of one of its affiliated societies entitled for such representation.
(2) No order under sub-section (1) shall be passed unless a list of allegations, documents and witnesses in support of charges leveled against it has been provided and the committee has been given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the proposed order and representation , if any, made by it, is considered.
(3) The period specified in the order under sub-section
(1) may, at the discretion of the Registrar, be extended, from time to time;
Provided that No such order shall remain in force for more than three years in the aggregate.
(4) The person or persons so appointed, shall subject to the control of the Registrar and to such instructions as he may, from time to time, give, have power to
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exercise all or any of the powers and to discharge all or any of the functions of the committee or of any officer of the society, and to take all such actions, as may be required in the interest of the society.
(5) The Registrar may fix the remuneration payable to the person or persons so appointed. The amount of such remuneration and other costs, if any, incurred in the management of the society shall be payable from its funds.
(6) The person or persons so appointed shall, before the expiry of the period of his or their appointment, arrange the constitution of a new committee in accordance with the bye-laws of the society.
(7) Before taking action under sub-section (1) in respect of a financing Bank or in respect of a society indebted to a financing bank , the Registrar shall consult, in the former case, the Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Bank Limited and, in the latter case, the financing bank concerned, regarding such action. If the Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Bank limited or the financing bank, as the case may be, fails to communicate its views within forty five days of the receipt by such bank of the request soliciting consultation, it shall be presumed that the Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Bank Limited, or the financing bank concerned, as the case maybe, agreed with the proposed action.
(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 48,49 and 50, if there is a difference of opinion between the general body of society and the person or persons appointed under sub-section (1) in respect of any matter, it shall be referred to the Registrar for decision and his decision thereon shall be final; Provided that if the Registrar fails to take any decision within three months of the general body meeting, the decision of the general body of the society shall prevail.
(9) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to affect the power of the Registrar to direct the winding up of the society.
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(10) During the period between the issuance of notice and the passing of an order removing the committee, the committee may be required by the Registrar to function under the supervision, and with the approval of such authority as the Registrar may specify in this behalf and no order made or resolution passed or any other act performed by the committee, shall be effectual unless it is approved by such specified authority;
Provided where the Registrar, while
proceeding to take action under sub-section (2), is of the opinion that the supersession of the committee during the period of proceeding is necessary in the interest of the society he may suspend the committee, which shall thereupon cease to function and make such arrangement as he thinks fit, of the affairs of the society till the proceedings are completed and order issued under sub-section (1); Provided further that the period of suspension shall not exceed six months and on the expiry of said period the suspension of the Committee shall stand revoked.
Provided also that, if the committee so suspended, is not superseded after undergoing the proceeding mentioned above, it shall be re-instated and the period during which is has remained suspended shall not count towards its term. Provided also that no order of suspension shall be made unless the committee of the society has been given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
(11) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Registrar shall, in case of Central Co-operative Banks, Urban Co-operative Banks and District Co- operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks, if the recovery continuously in three financial years is less than 65 per cent of the demand or if the overdues exceed 40 per cent, pass an order for removal of the committee or the Managing Committee by whatever name it is called of the Bank and for appointment of a administrator therefor
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for such period or periods not exceeding five years in the aggregate, as may be specified by the Registrar and on such appointment, the provisions of sub-section (4),(5) and (6) shall apply thereto as if an order was passed under sub-section (1); Provided that no such order shall be made unless the committee has been given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the proposed order and representation, if any, made by it is considered.
(12) When a committee of a society has been superseded under sub-section (1) any member of the committee, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, rules made thereunder or byelaws of the society, shall not be eligible for contesting the election as a member of the committee nor he shall be eligible for co-option or nomination in that society for a period of seven years;
Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to a member of the committee of a society who was not a party to such decision of the committee which led to the supersession of it.
(13) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, or rules made thereunder or byelaws of society, if the committee of society ceases to function due to order of any Court or otherwise, the Registrar may appoint a person or committee of persons temporarily till the Court order is vacated or the new elections are held and the committee takes charge.
Taking over of charge.
53-A (1) (1) If,-
(i) the committee of a society is reconstituted at a general meeting of the society under section 49; or
(ii) the term of the committee of a society expires in pursuance of an order issued under clause (iii) of sub-section (7-A) of Section 49; or
(iii) the committee of a society is removed or suspended or ceases to function under section 53; or
(iv) the society is ordered to be wound up under section 69,
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the person or persons entitled to receive the charge of the committee or society, as the case may be, shall assume charge,-
(a) from the date of election of a committee at the general meeting in case of (i) above;
(b) from the date of order issued by the State Government under clause (iii) of sub-section (7-A) of section 49 in case of (ii) above;
(c) from the date of order of the Registrar appointing him/them to manage the affairs of the society in case of (iii) above, and
(d) from the date of order of the Registrar appointing a liquidator in case of (iv) above;
and outgoing members of the committee shall be bound to handover charge, the records and property of the society to those assuming charge on the date as herein provided.
(2) The person entitled to receive charge of the committee or society, as the case may be, under sub- section (1) shall be deemed to have assumed charge of his office as from the date mentioned in sub- section (1), whether such charge has been actually handed over or not.
Power of the Registrar to remove an Officer or Member of the Committee of the society in certain circumstances.
53-B (1) If in the opinion of the Registrar, any officer of the co-operative society has been grossly negligent in the discharge of his duties imposed on him by or under this Act the rules made there under or byelaws or has, by a fraudulent act, caused financial loss to the society the Registrar may without prejudice to any other action that may or can be taken against him, call upon on the society to remove within a specified period such officer from the office held by him and where necessary also to disqualify him from holding any office under that society for a period not exceeding three years, whereupon the society shall, after affording opportunity to the officer concerned of being heard, pass such orders as it deems fit.
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(2) On the failure of the society to take action under sub-section (1), the Registrar may after affording opportunity to the officer of being heard and for reasons to be recorded, and communicated to the officer and the society concerned, remove or remove and disqualified for a period not exceeding three years, the officer from holding any officer under that society for the period specified in the order.
(3) An officer removed under the sub-section (1) or sub- section (2) shall with effect from the date of communication of the order, cease to hold that office and if disqualified shall not be eligible to hold any office under that society for the period specified in the order.
Appointment of Managers,
Secretaries and other officers.
54 (1) No society shall appoint a Manager, Secretary, Accountant or other paid officer unless he holds such qualifications as may be prescribed.
(2) The Apex and Central Societies shall maintain such cadres of officers and other servants as the State Government may, by order, direct and the conditions of service of members of such cadre shall be such as the Registrar may, by order, determine.
(3) The State Government may, by notification, specify the class of societies which shall employ officer from such cadres maintained by the Apex or Central Societies under sub-section (2) as may be specified therein and it shall be obligatory on the part of such class of societies to accept and appoint such cadre officers on the cadre posts as and when deputed by the Apex or Central Societies.
Registrar's power to determine
conditions of
employment in
societies.
55 (1) The Registrar may, from time to time, frame rules governing the terms and conditions of employment in a society or class of societies and the society or class of societies to which such terms and conditions of employment are applicable shall comply with the order that may be issued by the Registrar in this behalf.
(2) Where a dispute, including a dispute regarding terms of employment working conditions and disciplinary action taken by a society, arises between a society and its employees, the Registrar or any officer
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appointed by him not below the rank of Assistant Registrar shall decide the dispute and his decision shall be binding on the society an its employees. Provided that the Registrar or the officer referred to above shall not entertain the dispute unless presented to him within thirty days from the date of order sought to be impugned; Provided further that in computing the period of limitation under the foregoing proviso, the time requisite for obtaining copy of the order shall be excluded.
Registrar's power to enforce
performance of obligation.
56 (1) Every society shall maintain such records, registers and books of accounts and shall furnish to the Registrar such information and such returns as may be required by him from time to time.
(2) Every society shall fix specific responsibility on the officer or employee of the society to maintain such records, registers, books of accounts and to furnish to the Registrar such information and such returns as may be required by order by him, from time to time within the period specified in such order.
(3) If any officer or the employee of the society on whom specific responsibility has been fixed under sub-section (2), fails to maintain the records, registers, books of accounts and to furnish to the Registrar, such information and such returns as may be required by the Registrar within the specified time, the Registrar may, by order, declare such officer to be disqualified for being a member of the committee for such period not exceeding three years as he may specify in such order and if the officer is an employee of the society, impose on him a penalty not exceeding five thousand rupees;
Provided that no order shall be made under this sub-section unless the person concerned is given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
Registrar's power to seize records, etc.
57. (1) Where the Registrar is satisfied that,-
(a) the records, registers or the books of accounts of a society are likely to be tampered with or destroyed and the funds and property of a society are likely to be misappropriated or misapplied, or
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(b) if the committee of a society is reconstituted at a general meeting of the society of the committee of a society is removed by the Registrar under section 53 or if the society is ordered to be wound up under section 69 and the outgoing members of the committee refuse to handover charge of the records and property of the society to those having to, or entitled to, receive such charge;
the Registrar may issue an order directing a person duly authorised by him in writing to seize and take possession of such books and records, funds and property of the society and the officer of the society responsible for the custody of such books and records, funds and property shall give delivery thereof to the person so authorised.
(2) In order to secure compliance of the orders under clause (b) of sub-section (1) the Registrar may take or cause to be taken such steps and use or cause to be used such minimum force including Police Force as may be considered necessary.
Taking possession of record and
property.
57-A (1) Where the Registrar is satisfied that the books and records of a society are likely to be suppressed, tampered with or destroyed, or the funds and property of a society are likely to be misappropriated or misapplied, the Registrar or the person authorised by him may apply to the Executive Magistrate within whose jurisdiction the society is functioning, for seizing and taking possession of the records and property of the society.
(2) On receipt of the application under sub-section (1), the Magistrate may authorise any police officer not below the rank of a sub-inspector to enter and search any place where the records and property are kept are likely to be kept and to seize them and handover possession thereof to the Registrar or the person authorised by him, as the case may be.
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CHAPER VI
AUDIT, INQUIRY, INSPECTION AND SUPERVISION
Audit and audit-fee. 58 (1) The Registrar shall audit or cause to be audited by a person authorised by him in writing by general or
special order in this behalf, the accounts of every
society once at least every year and shall recover
from such society such fees as may be prescribed;
Provided that,-
(i) the State Government may, by notification, for reasons to be specified, therein, exempt any class of societies;
(ii) the Registrar may for reasons to be recorded in writing , exempt any society from the payment of fees or part thereof, under this sub-section;
Provided further that a Central Society or an Apex Society or an Urban Co-operative Bank may get the accounts audited by a Chartered Accountant approved by the Registrar.
Provided also that if there is a complaint of financial irregularities or embezzlement after the completion or issuance of the audit report, the Registrar may order special audit for the purpose.
(2) The audit under sub-section (1) shall include examination of the accounts and the overdue debts, if any compliance of the instructions and orders of the Registrar issued under this Act, rules made thereunder and byelaws of the society, the verification of cash balance and securities and valuation of the assets and liabilities of the societies and such other items as may be specified by the Registrar.
(3) The Registrar or the authorised person shall at all times have access to all the books, accounts, documents, papers, securities, cash and other properties belonging to, or in the custody of the society and may summon any person in possession of or responsible for, the custody of any such books, accounts, documents, papers, securities, cash or other properties, to produce the same at any place at the headquarters of the society or any branch thereof.
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(4) Every person who is or has at any time been, an officer or employee of the society and every member and past member of a society shall furnish such information in regard to the transactions and working of the society as the Registrar or the person authorised by him may, require.
Audit Board. 58-A For the purpose of conducting audit and supervision of any society or class of societies, the State
Government may constitute an Audit Board which
may exercise such powers of the Registrar as the State Government may, by notification specify in this behalf and the Audit Board shall exercise these powers to the exclusion of the Registrar.
Procedure for making good losses caused to a society.
58-B (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or the rules or the byelaws of a society where the State Government has contributed to its share capital or has given loans or financial assistance or has guaranteed the repayment of loans, debentures, advances or has given grants in any other form and if in the course of an audit, inquiry, inspection or the winding up of a society or otherwise, it is found that any person who is or was entrusted with
organisation or management of such society or any deceased, past or present Chairman or Secretary, member of the Committee, Officer or employee of the society has made any payment contrary to the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder or byelaws of a society or has caused any deficiency or loss by gross negligence or misconduct or has misappropriated or fraudulently retained any money or other property belonging to such society, the Registrar may on his own motion or on the application of the committee, liquidator or any creditor, enquire himself or direct some person authorised by him, by an order in writing in this behalf, to enquire into the conduct of such person within two years of the date of the report of audit, enquiry or inspection, or winding up, as the case may be;
Provided that no such enquiry shall be
instituted against a person unless the person concerned is given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
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(2) If, on enquiry made under sub-section (1), the Registrar is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for an order under this sub-section, he may make an order requiring such person, or in the case of a deceased person, his legal representative who inherits his estate, to repay or restore the money or property or any part thereof, with interest at such rate, or to pay contribution and costs or compensation to such extent as the Registrar may consider just and equitable:
Provided that no order under this sub-section shall be made unless the person concerned is given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in the matter. Provided further that the liability of a legal representative of the deceased shall be to the extent of the property of the deceased which has come to the hands of such legal representative.
(3) Any person aggrieved by the order made under sub- section (2), may within thirty days from the date of communication of the order to him appeal to the State Government.
Provided that in computing the period of limitation, the time requisite for obtaining a copy of the order appealed against shall be executed.
(4) Any order made under sub-section (2) or sub-section
(3) shall be enforced in accordance with the provisions of section 85.
(5) If the Registrar is satisfied by an affidavit, enquiry or otherwise that any person with intent to delay or obstruct the enforcement of any order that may be made against him under this Section-
(a) is about to dispose of the whole or any part of his property : or
(b) is about to remove the whole or any part of his property from the jurisdiction of the Registrar;
he may, unless adequate security is furnished, direct the conditional attachment of the said property or such part thereof as he thinks necessary.
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Inquiry. 59 (1) The Registrar may on the application of,-
(i) a society to which the society is affiliated; or
(ii) a creditor to whom the society is indebted; or
(iii) not less than one third of the members of the committee; or
(iv) not less than one-tenth of the total number of members of the society; or
hold an inquiry or cause an inquiry to be made into the specific matters raised in the application relating to the constitution, working and financial condition of the society.
(2) The Registrar shall order an inquiry only after the receipt of a fee as may be prescribed, from the applicant or applicants, deemed sufficient to meet the costs of the inquiry to be conducted.
(3) The inquiry shall be completed within a period of four months from the date of ordering the inquiry.
(4) The Registrar shall, within a period of one month from the date of completion of inquiry , communicate the report of the inquiry,-
(i) to the society concerned;
(ii) to the applicants or the person designated by the applicants to receive such report;
(iii) any member of a society;
(iv) federation of which the society is a member;
(v) creditor; on payment of the prescribed fee.
Duty of certain persons to assist enquiry.
59-A (1) All officers, members and past members, of the society in respect of whom an inquiry is held, and any other person who, in the opinion of the officer holding the inquiry is in possession of the information, books and paper relating to the society, shall furnish such information as is in their possession and produce all books and papers relating to the society which are in their custody or power, and otherwise give to the officer holding an inquiry all assistance in connection with the enquiry which they can reasonably give.
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(2) If any such person refuses to produce before the Registrar or any person authorised by him under sub-section (1) of section 59 any book or paper which is his duty under sub-section (1) to produce or to answer any question which is put to him by the Registrar or the person authorised by the Registrar in pursuance of sub-section (1), the Registrar or the person authorised by the Registrar may certify the refusal and the Registrar may, after hearing, any statement which may be offered in defence punish the defaulter with a penalty not exceeding one thousand rupees. Any sum imposed as penalty under this section shall, on the application by the Registrar or the person authorised by him, to a Magistrate, having jurisdiction, be recoverable by the Magistrate as if it were a fine imposed by himself.
Inspection of books of society
60 (1) The Registrar may on his own motion, or on the application of creditor of a society inspect or direct any person authorized by him by general or special order in writing in this behalf, to inspect the books of the society;
Provided that no such inspection shall be made on the application of a creditor unless the applicant,-
(a) satisfies the Registrar that the debt is a sum which is due and that he has demanded payment thereof and has not received within a reasonable time; and
(b) deposits with the Registrar such sum as security for the costs of the proposed inspection as the Registrar may require.
(2) The Registrar shall communicate the result of any such inspection,-
(a) where the inspection is made on his own motion to the society; and
(b) where the inspection is made on the application of a creditor, to the creditor and the society.
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Rectification of defects.
61 (1) If the result of the audit held under section 58 or an inquiry held under section 59 or an inspection held under section 60 discloses any defects in the constitution, working or financial condition or the books of a society, the Registrar may bring such defects to the notice of the society and if the society is affiliated to another society also to the notice of that other society.
(2) The Registrar may make an order directing the society or its officers or member of the committee or the society to which it is affiliated to take such action as may be specified in the order within the time mentioned therein to remedy the defects disclosed in the audit, inquiry or inspection.
Costs of inquiry. 62 Where an inquiry is held under section 59 or an inspection is made under section 60 on the
application of a creditor, the Registrar may
apportion the costs, or such part of the costs as he may deem fit, between the society to which the
society concerned is affiliated, the society
concerned, the members or creditors demanding an inquiry or inspection, and the officers or former officers of the society:
Provided that, -
(a) no order of apportionment of the costs shall be made under this section unless the society or the person sought to be made liable to pay the costs thereunder has had a reasonable opportunity of being heard;
(b) the Registrar shall state in writing the grounds on which the costs are apportioned
Expenditure on proceedings. etc
63-A No expenditure from the funds of a society shall be incurred for the purpose of defraying the costs of any proceedings filed or instituted in any court by any officer or committee of a society against any order made or purporting to have been made by the Registrar under Section 19-AA, Chapter V or Chapter VI;
Provided that where the case is finally decided in favour of the officer or the committee, as the case may be, such cost as may be approved by the Registrar shall be reimbursed by the society.
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CHAPTER VII
DISPUTES AND ARBITRATION
Disputes 64 (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, any dispute touching the constitution, management or business, terms and condition of employment of a Society or the
liquidation of a society shall be referred to the Registrar by any of the parties to the dispute if the parties thereto are among the following;-
(a) a society, its committee, any past committee, any past or present officer, any past or present agent, any past or present servant or a nominee, heirs or legal representatives of any deceased agent or deceased servant of the society, or the liquidator of the society;
(b) a member, past member or a person claiming through a member, past member or deceased member of a society or of a society which is a member of the society;
(c) a person other than a member of the society who has been granted a loan by the society or with whom the society has or had business transactions and any person claiming through such a person;
(d) a surety of a member, past member or deceased member or a person other than a member who has been granted a loan by the society, whether such a surety is or is not a member of the society;
(e) any other society or the liquidator of such a society; and
(f) a creditor of a society.
(2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), a dispute shall include,-
(i) a claim by a society for any debt or demand due to it from a member, past member or the nominee, heir or legal representative of a deceased member, whether such debt or demand be admitted or not;
(ii) a claim by a surety against the principal debtor where the society has recovered from
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the surety any amount in respect of any debt or demand due to it from the principal debtor as a result of the default of the principal debtor, whether such debt or demand be admitted or not;
(iii) a claim by a society for any loss caused to it by a member, past member or deceased member, any officer or deceased officer, any agent, past agent or deceased agent, or any servant, past servant or deceased servant, or its committee, past or present, whether such loss be admitted or not;
(iv) a question regarding rights, etc., including tenancy rights between a housing society and its tenants or members; and
(v) any dispute arising in connection with the election of any officer of the society or representative of the society or of composite society;
Provided that the Registrar shall not entertain any dispute under this clause during the period commencing from the announcement of the election programme till the declaration of the results.
(3) If any question arises whether a dispute referred to the Registrar is a dispute, the decision thereon of the Registrar shall be final and shall not be called in question in any court.
Limitation. 65 (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Indian Limitation Act, 1908 (IX of 1908), and subject to the specific provisions made in this Act, the period of limitation for referring the disputes mentioned below to the Registrar under section 64 shall,-
(a) when the dispute relates to the recovery of any sum including interest thereon due to a society by a member thereof, be six years from the date on which such member dies or ceases to be member of the society;
(b) when the dispute is between a society or its committee and any past committee, any past or present officer, or past or present
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agent, or past or present servant or the nominee, heir or the legal representative of a deceased officer, deceased agent or deceased servant of the society, or a member or past member or the nominee, heir or the legal representative of a deceased member and when the dispute relates to any act or omission on the part of either party to the dispute, be six years form the date on which the act or omission with reference to which the dispute arose, took place;
(c) when the dispute is in respect of any matter touching the constitution, management or business of a society which has been ordered to be wound up under Section 69 or in respect of which a nominated committee or a person or persons has or have been appointed under Section 53, be six years from the date of the order issued under Section 69 and Section 53, as the case may be;
(d) when the dispute is in connection with the election of any officer of a society, forty- five days from the date of declaration of the result of such election.
(2) The period of limitation in the case of any other dispute except those mentioned in sub-section (1) which are required to be referred to the Registrar under Section 64 shall be regulated by the provisions of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908 (IX of 1908), as if the dispute were a suit and the Registrar a Civil Court.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section
(1) and (2) the Registrar may admit a dispute after the expiry of the limitation period if the applicant satisfies the Registrar that he had sufficient cause for not referring the dispute within such period.
Settlement of dispute.
66 (1) The Registrar may, on receipt of the reference of dispute under section 64 decide the dispute himself, or transfer it for disposal to a nominee or board of nominees to be appointed by the Registrar.
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(2) When a dispute is transferred under sub-section (1) for disposal by a nominee or a board of nominees, the Registrar may at any time, for reasons to be recorded in writing, withdraw such dispute from such nominee or board of nominees and may decide the dispute himself or transfer it again to any other nominee or board of nominees appointed by him for decision.
(3) The decision of a nominee or a board of nominees to whom any dispute is transferred for decision under this section shall, for the purpose of this Act, be deemed to be the decision of the Registrar.
Procedure for settlement of disputes and power of Registrar, his nominee or board of nominees.
67 (1) The Registrar or his nominee or board of nominees shall have the power of making interlocutory orders including grant of a temporary injunction. In exercising this power, the Registrar or his nominee or board of nominees, as the case may be, shall follow the procedure laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (V of 1908), for the purpose of making such orders and granting an injunction.
(2) No party shall be represented at the hearing of the dispute by any legal practitioner, except with the permission of the Registrar or his nominee or board of nominees, as the case may be:
Provided that where the permission is so granted, the other party to the dispute shall be entitled to be represented by a legal practitioner.
(3) The Registrar or his nominee, as the case may be, shall record a note in Hindi of the evidence of the parties and witnesses who attend and upon the evidence so recorded and after considering any documentary evidence produced by either side, shall give a decision or award, as the case may be. which shall be reduced in writing If the applicant duly summoned is absent, the case may he dismissed in default. If the non-applicant is absent, the case can be decided ex-parte. In cases, where three nominees are appointed, the majority shall prevail:
Provided that where a dispute has been decided against any party, in default and if such party satisfies the Registrar within thirty days from the date of such default, that there was sufficient
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cause for its non-appearance, the Registrar shall make an order setting aside the decision and shall appoint a date for proceeding with case.
Attachment before award.
68 Where the Registrar or a nominee or board of nominees, as the case may be, acting under section 66 is satisfied on affidavit, enquiry or otherwise that a party to any reference with intent to delay or obstruct the execution of any award that may be made, -
(a) is about to dispose of the whole or any part of his property; or
(b) is about to remove the whole or any part of his property from the jurisdiction of the Registrar;
the Registrar, a nominee or board of nominees may unless adequate security is furnished, direct the conditional attachment of the said property or such part thereof as he thinks necessary through such agency authorised by him as he may deem fit and such attachment shall have the same effect as if it had been made by a competent Civil Court.
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CHAPTER VIII
LIQUIDATION
Winding up of societies.
69 (1) If the Registrar, after an inquiry has been held under section 59, or an inspection has been made under section 60 or on receipt of an application made by not less than three fourths of the members of a society, is of the opinion that the society ought to be wound up, he may issue an order directing it to be wound up.
(2) The Registrar may on his own motion make an order directing the winding up of a society,.-
(a) where the society has not commenced working within a reasonable time of its registration or has ceased to work; or
(b) where in the opinion of the Registrar the society has been working mainly for promoting the interest of any individual or group of individuals and not of the members generally; or
(c) where the society has ceased to comply with any conditions as to registration or management under this Act, rules or bye- laws; or
(d) Where the primary credit society continues to be in default by not recovering its full overdue demand from members for
continuous three Co-operative years and even after supersession, it fails to recover full overdue demand.
(3) No order under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall be passed unless the society concerned has been given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the proposed order and representation, if any made by it is considered.
(4) The Registrar may cancel an order for the winding up of a society, at any time prior to the cancellation of its registration in any case where, in his opinion, the society should continue to exist.
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, no Co-operative bank shall be wound up, except with the previous sanction in writing of the Reserve Bank of India.
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Winding up of Co- operative Bank.
69 A Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act, the Registrar shall make an order for winding up of a Co-operative bank, if so required by the Reserve Bank of India in the circumstances mentioned in section 13-D of the Deposit insurance and credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961 (No. 47 of 1961) or otherwise.
Reimbursement of Deposit Insurance Corporation in case of insured Bank.
69 B Where a Co-operative Bank, being an insured bank within the meaning of the Deposit Insurance Corporation Act, 1961 (No. 47 of 1961), is wound up, or taken into liquidation, and the Deposit Insurance Corporation has become liable to the depositors of the insured bank under sub-section (1) of section 16 of that Act, the Deposit Insurance Corporation shall be re-imbursed in the circumstances, to the extent and in the manner provided in section 21 of the Deposit Insurance Corporation Act, 1961 (No.47 of 1961).
Appointment of Liquidator.
70 (1) Where the Registrar has made an order under section 69 for the winding up of a society, he may appoint a liquidator for the purpose and fix his remuneration and may also remove at any time any person appointed as liquidator and appoint another; Provided that in respect of a co-operative bank ordered to be wound up on requisition from the Reserve Bank , the liquidator shall not be appointed or removed without the previous sanction of Reserve Bank of India.
(2) A liquidator shall, on appointment, take into his custody or under his control all the property, effects and actionable claims to which the society is or appears to be entitled and shall take such steps as he may deem necessary or expedient, to prevent loss deterioration of, or damage to such, property, effects and claims.
(3) Where an appeal is preferred under section 78 an order of winding up of a society made under section 69 shall not be operated thereafter until the order is confirmed in appeal;
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Provided that the liquidator shall continue to have custody of or control over the property, effects and actionable claims mentioned in sub- section (2) and have authority to take the steps referred to in that sub-section
(4) Where an order of winding up of a society is set aside in appeal, the property, effects and actionable claims of the society shall revest in the society.
Control of Liquidator.
70 A After the appointment of the liquidator, all powers of the Committee of a Society, whether elected or nominated, shall cease and the employees of the Society shall thereafter work under the control and supervision of the liquidator.
Powers of Liquidator.
71 (1) Subject to any rules made in this behalf the whole of the assets of a society in respect of which an order for winding up has been made, shall vest in the liquidator appointed under section 70 from the date on which the order takes effect and the liquidator shall have power to realize such assets by sale or otherwise.
(2) Such Liquidator shall also have power, subject to the control of the Registrar-
(a) to institute and defend suits and other legal proceedings on behalf of the society in the name of his office;
(b) to determine from time to time the contribution (including debts due) to be made or remaining to be made by the members,or past member or by the estates or nominees, heirs or legal representatives of deceased members or by any officers or former officers, to the assets of the society;
(c) to investigate all claims against the society, and, subject to the provisions of this Act, to decide questions of priority arising between claimants;
(d) to pay claims against the society including interest up to the date of winding up according to their respecting priorities, if any, in full or rateably, as the assets of the society may permit; the surplus, if any, remaining after
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payment of the claims being applied in payment of interest from the date of such order or winding up at a rate fixed by him but not exceeding the contract rate in any case;
(e) to determine by what persons and in what proportions the costs of the liquidation are to be borne;
(f) to determine whether any person is a member, past member or nominee of deceased member;
(g) to give such directions in regard to the collection and distribution of the assets of the society as may appear to him to be necessary for winding up the affairs of the society;
(h) to carry on the business of the society so far as may be necessary for the beneficial winding up of the same;
(i) to make any compromise or arrangement with creditors or persons claming to be creditors or having or alleging to have any claim, present or future, whereby the society may be rendered liable; and
(j) to compromise all calls or liabilities to calls and debts and liabilities capable of resulting in debts, and all claims, present or future, certain or contingent, subsisting or supposed to subsist between the society and a contributory or alleged contributory or other debtor or person apprehending liability to the society and all questions in any way relating to or affecting the assets or the winding up of the society on such terms as may be agreed and take any security for the discharge of any such call, liability, debt or claim and give a complete discharge in respect thereof;
Provided that no liquidator shall determine the contribution, debt or dues to be recovered from a member, or a past member or the nominee, heir or legal representative of a deceased member unless opportunity has been given to such member or past member or to such nominee, heir or legal representative to explain his position.
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(3) When the affairs of a society have been wound up, the liquidator shall make a report to the Registrar and deposit the records of the society in such place as the Registrar may direct.
Disposal of surplus assets of liquidated societies.
72 After all the liabilities including the paid-up share capital of a wound up society have been met, the surplus assets shall not be divided amongst its members but they shall be applied to any object described in the bye-laws of the society and when no object is so described, to any object of public utility determined, by the general meeting of the society and approved by the Registrar or they may, in consultation with them either be assigned by the Registrar in whole or in part to any or all of the following;-
(a) an object of public utility or local or civic interest; or
(b) the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Union Limited, or any other institution or Union; or
(c) may be placed on deposit with a Central Co- operative Bank until such time as a new society with similar conditions is registered when with the consent of the Registrar such surplus may be credited to the Reserve Fund of such new society; or
(d) a charitable purpose as defined in Section 2 of the Charitable Endowments Act, 1890 (6 of 1890); or
(e) to each existing member in proportion to his paid up share capital.
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CHAPTER IX
OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
Prohibition of
use of word
"Co-operative".
73 (1) No person other than a society registered under this Act and a person or his successor in his interests of any name or title under which he traded or carried on business at the date on which this Act came into force, shall, without the sanction of the State Government, function, trade or carry on business under any name or title of which the word "Co- operative" or its equivalent in any Indian Language forms part.
(2) Every person who is a member of a society formed in contravention of sub-section (2) of Section 14 and every person contravening the provisions of sub- section (1) shall be punishable with a fine which may extend to two hundred rupees and in the case of a continuing offence with further fine of five rupees for each day on which the offence is continued after conviction therefor.
Offences 74 It shall be an offence under this Act, if-
(a) a committee or an officer or member thereof wilfully makes a false report or furnishes false information or dishonestly fails to maintain accounts or dishonestly maintains false accounts; or
(b) any person collecting share money for a society in formation does not deposit the same in the Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Bank Lmited a Central Co-operative Bank, an Urban Co-operative Bank or a Postal Saving Bank, within fourteen days of its receipt; or
(c) a person collecting the share money for a society in formation makes use of the funds so raised for conducting any business or trading in the name of a society be registered or otherwise ; or
(d) any officer of a society wilfully recommends or sanctions for his own personal use or benefit or for the use or benefit of a person in whom he is interested loan, in the name of any other person; or
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(e) an officer or any member destroys, mutilates, alters, falsifies or secrets or is privy to the destruction, mutilation, alteration, falsification or secreting of any books, papers or securities, or makes or is privy to the making of any false or fraudulent entry in any register, book of account or document belonging to the society; or
(f) an officer or a member who is in possession of information, books and records, wilfully fails to furnish such information or produce such books and papers or does not give assistance to a person appointed or authorized by the Registrar under Sections. 53,58,59,60, 67 and 70; or
(g) an officer wilfully fails to hand over custody of books, records, cash, security and other property belonging to the society of which he is an officer, to a person appointed under Section 53 or 70; or
(h) a member fraudulently disposes of property over which the society has a prior claim or a member or officer or employee or any person disposes of his property by sale, transfer, mortgage, gift or otherwise with the fraudulent intention of evading the dues of the society; or
(i) any employer and other Director, manager, secretary or other officer or agent acting on behalf of such employer who, without sufficient cause, fails to comply with provision of sub-section (2) of Section 42; or
(j) any person acquires or abets in the acquisition of any property which is subject to a charge under sub-section (1) of Section 40; or
(k) an officer or member of a society or any person does any act or is guilty of omission declared by the rules to be an offence.
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Explanation.-For the purposes of this section an officer or a member referred to in this section shall include past officer or past member, as the case may be.
Penalties for offences.
75 Every committee, officer or past officer, or member or past member or an employee or past employee of a society or any other person shall without prejudice to any action that may be taken against him under any law for the time being in force, be liable to be punished:-
(a) with fine not exceeding Rs. 2000, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(a)
(b) with fine not exceeding Rs. 1000, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(b)
(c) with fine not exceeding Rs. 1000, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(c)
(d) with fine not exceeding Rs. 2000, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(d)
(e) with fine not exceeding Rs. 2000, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(e)
(f) with fine not exceeding Rs. 250, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(f)
(g) with fine not exceeding Rs. 250, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(g)
(h) with fine not exceeding Rs. 2000, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(h)
(i) with fine not exceeding Rs. 500, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(i)
(j) with fine not exceeding Rs. 1000, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(j)
(k) with fine not exceeding Rs. 250, provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in section 74(k)
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Cognizance of offences.
76 (1) No Court inferior to that of a Magistrate of the First Class shall try any offence under this Act.
(2) No prosecution shall be instituted under this Act without the previous sanction in writing of the Registrar and such sanction shall not be given without giving to the person concerned an opportunity to represent his case.
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CHAPTER X
APPEALS, REVISION AND REVIEW
Appeal 77 (1) Save where it has been otherwise provided, an appeal shall lie from every original order under this Act or the rules made thereunder-
(i) if such order is passed by an officer other than Registrar, Additional Registrar or Joint Registrar, whether or not the Officer passing the order is invested with the powers of the Registrar, to the Joint Registrar;
(ii) if such order is passed by Joint Registrar, whether or not invested with the powers of Registrar, to the Registrar or the Additional Registrar authorised by Registrar;
(iii) if such order is passed by Registrar or Additional Registrar, to the State Government.
(2) Save as otherwise provided a second appeal shall lie against every order passed in first appeal under this Act or the rules made thereunder-
(i) by the Joint Registrar to the Registrar or the Additional Registrar authorised by the Registrar;
(ii) by the Registrar or Additional Registrar, to the State Government.
(3) A second appeal shall lie on any of the following grounds, and no other, namely
(i) that the order is contrary to law; or
(ii) that the order has failed to determine some material issue of law; or
(iii) that there has been a substantial error or defect in the procedure as prescribed by this Act which may have produced error or defect in the decision of the case on merits.
(4) Every appeal shall be presented in the prescribed manner to the appellate authority concerned, within thirty days of the date on which the order appealed against was communicated to the party affected by the order :
Provided that in computing the period of limitation under this sub-section the time requisite for obtaining a copy of the order appealed against shall be excluded.
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Revision 78 (1) The State Government or the Registrar may at any time on its/his motion or on the application made by any party for the purpose of satisfying itself/himself as to the legality or propriety of the followings may pass such order in reference thereto as itlhe think fit-
(i) any inquiry or proceedings or any order passed by any officer subordinate to it/him;
(ii) any proceedings or decision or resolution or any order passed by the society or committee or sub-committee of society;
(iii) any inquiry or proceedings or decision or any order passed by any officer of any society :
Provided that no order shall be varied or reversed in revision unless notice has been served on the parties interested and opportunity given to them of being heard.
(2) No such application shall be entertained unless presented within thirty days 'from the date of order and in computing the period aforesaid time requisite for obtaining a copy of the said order shall be excluded.
No appeal or revision
in certain cases
79 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act, where with previous sanction in writing or on the requisition ofthe Reserve Bank of India-
(i) an order for the winding up of a co- operative bank is made; or
(ii) a scheme of compromise or arrangement or reconstruction or reorganisation or amalgamation is made or is given effect to; or
(iii) an order for the supersession or suspension of the committee by whatever name caned of a Cooperative Bank and the appointment of an Officer Incharge etc. therefor, has been made:
no appeal, revision or review there against shall lie or be permissible, and such order or the sanction or requisition of the Reserve Bank of India shall not be liable to be called in question.
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Review 80 The State Government or Registrar may, on its/his own motion, or on the application of any party interested, review its/his own order in any case and pass such order in reference thereto as it/he thinks just:
Provided that, no such application made by the party interested shall be entertained, nor such a case be taken suo motu, unless the State Government or Registrar is satisfied that there has been the discovery of new and important matter of evidence which, after the exercise of due diligence was not within the knowledge of the applicant or could not be produced by him at the time when the order was made, or that there has been mistake or error apparent on the face of the record, or there is any other sufficient reason:
Provided that no such order shall be varied, amended or revised, unless notice has been given to the parties interested to appear and such interested parties have been heard:
Provided further that application for review of any order, by the parties interested shall not be entertained, unless the application is filed within ninety days from the passing of the order. Extension of period
of limitation by
appellate authority in
certain cases
80 A In all cases in which it is provided under this Act that an appeal may be filed against any decision or order within a specified period, the appellate authority may admit an appeal after the expiry of such period if the appellant satisfies the appellate authority that he had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within such period. Transfer or
withdrawal of cases
80 B Subject to the provisions of section 77 and 78, the Registrar, Additional Registrar, Joint Registrar, or the Deputy Registrar may make over any case or class of cases arising under the provisions of this Act, for decision from his own file to any officer subordinate to him competent to decide such case or class of cases or may withdraw any case or class of cases from any such officer and may deal with such case or class of cases himself or refer the same for disposal to any other officer subordinate to him and competent to decide such case or class of cases.
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Power to make interlocutory orders
80 C When an application for appeal, revision or review is made to State Government, or Registrar under this Act, it may in order to prevent the ends of justice being defeated, make such interlocutory orders pending the decision of the appeal or application, as the case may be, as may appear to it/him to be just and convenient, or make such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice; or to prevent the abuse of the legal
procedure.
Stay of execution
of orders
80 D (1) An officer who has passed any order or his successor in office may, at any time before the expiry of the period prescribed for appeal or revision, direct the execution of such order to be stayed for such time as may be required for filing an appeal or revision and obtaining a stay order from the appellate or revisional authority.
(2) The authority exercising the powers conferred by section 77, section 78 or section 80 may direct the execution of the order under appeal or revision or review to be stayed for such time as it may think fit.
(3) The officer or authority directing the execution of an order to be stayed may impose such conditions or order such security to be furnished as he or it thinks fit.
Transfer of pending
cases
80 E Every appeal or revision or any other proceeding pending before the Madhya Pradesh Sate Co-operative Tribunal under the Principal Act, shall stand transferred to the State Government on the date on which the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2003 comes into force.
80 F Any officer or any authority shall exercise such powers, delegated to the State Government by or under this Act, in such areas and in such cases as the State Government may direct by special or general order
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CHAPTER XI
MISCELLANEOUS
Recovery of sums due to Government.
81 (1) All sums due from a society or from an officer, or member or past member or a deceased member of a society as such to State Government including any costs awarded to Government under any provisions of the Act, may, on a certificate issued by the Registrar in this behalf, be recovered in the same manner as arrears of land revenue.
(2) Sums due from a society to the State Government and recoverable under sub-section (1) may be recovered -
(a) firstly, from the property of the society;
(b) secondly, in the case of a society the liability of the members of which is limited, from the members, past members or estates of the deceased members subject to the limit of their liability:
Provided that the liability of a legal representative of the deceased shall be to the extent of the property of the deceased which has come to the hands of such legal representative; and
(c) thirdly, in the case of other societies, from the members, past members or estates of the deceased member:
Provided that the liability of past members or estates of deceased members in all cases shall be subject to the provisions of Section 29.
Power of financing bank to proceed against defaulting members of co- operative society.
81 A (1) If a co-operative society is unable to pay its debts to financing bank from which it has borrowed, by reasons of its members committing default in the payment of money due by them, the financing bank may direct the committee of such society to proceed against such members by taking action under section
64.
(2) If the committee of the Co-operative society fails to proceed against its defaulting members within a period of ninety days from the date of receipt of such direction from the financing bank, the financing bank may proceed against such defaulting members in which event, the provisions of this Act,
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the rules and byelaws made there under shall apply as if all references to the society or its committee in the said provisions, rules and byelaws were references to the financing bank.
(3) Where a financing bank has obtained a decree or award against a society indebted to it, the bank may proceed to recover such money from the assets of the society to the extent of debts due from the society.
Bar of jurisdiction of Courts.
82 (1) Save as provided in this Act, no civil or revenue court shall have any jurisdiction in respect of,-
(a) the registration of a society or of bye-laws or of an amendment of a bye-law;
(b) the removal of a committee or its members and the management of the society after such removal;
(c) any dispute, required to be referred to the Registrar or his nominee or board of nominees;
(d) any matter concerning the winding up and the dissolution of a society.
(2) While a society is being wound up, no suit or other legal proceedings relating to the business of such society shall be proceeded with, or instituted against, the liquidator as such or against the society or any member thereof, except by leave of the Registrar and subject to such terms as he may impose.
(3) Save as provided in this Act, no order, decision or award made under this Act shall be questioned in any court on any ground whatsoever.
Recovery of costs. 83 Any sum awarded by way of costs under Section 62 may be recovered, on an application by the Registrar to a Magistrate having jurisdiction in the place
where person from whom the money is claimable
resides, or carries on business, by sale of any
property within the limits of the jurisdiction of such Magistrate, belonging to such, person, and such
Magistrate shall proceed to recover the same, in the same manner as if it were a fine imposed by himself.
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Enforcement of charge.
84 Notwithstanding anything contained in Chapter VII or any other law for the time being in force, but without prejudice to any other mode of recovery provided in this Act, the Registrar or any person empowered by the Registrar in this behalf, may on an application of the society and subject to such rules as State Government may make in this behalf, make an order directing the payment of any debt or outstanding demand due to the society by any member or past or deceased member by attachment and sale or transfer by any other mode for such period and subject to such terms and conditions as the Registrar or such other person may specify, of the property or any interest therein which is subject to a charge under sub-section (1) of section 40, sub- section (1) of section 41, and sub-section (1), (2) and
(3) of section 42. Provided that no order shall be made under this section unless the member, past member or nominee, heir or legal representative of the deceased member has been served with a notice of the application and has failed to pay the debt or outstanding demand within thirty days from the date of such service.
Recovery of sums due to certain societies.
84 A (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 64, 69 and 78 on an application made by a co-operative housing society or Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Housing Federation or primary urban Co-operative Bank for recovery of arrears of its dues, the Registrar may, after making such enquiry as he deems fit, grant a certificate for the recovery of the amount stated therein to be due as an arrear.
(2) The certificate granted by the Registrar shall be final and conclusive proof of the arrears, and the same shall be recoverable as arrears of land revenue.
Execution of orders, etc.
85 Every order or award passed or decision given by the Registrar under any provision of this Act, every order passed by the Appellate or Revisional Authorities and every order made, decision given by the Liquidator, if not carried out-
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(a) on a certificate signed by the Registrar or any person authorised by him in this behalf be deemed to be decree of a Civil Court and shall be executed in the same manner as a decree of such Court; or
(b) be executed according to the law and under the rules for the time being in force for the recovery of arrears of land revenue; or
(c) be executed by the Registrar or any other person empowered by the Registrar in this behalf, by the attachment and transfer in the manner as may be prescribed or sale or sale without attachment of any property of the person or a society against whom the order, decision or award has been obtained or passed:
Provided that any application for the recovery under clause (b) shall be made,-
(i) to the Collector and shall be accompanied by a certificate signed by the Registrar or by any person authorised in this behalf; and
(ii) within five years from the date fixed in the order, decision or award and if no such date is fixed, from the date of order, decision or award, as the case may be.
Manner of executing order to deliver possession of immovable property.
85 A Where against any person an order to deliver possession of immovable property has been passed under this Act, such order shall be executed in the following manner, namely:-
(a) by serving a notice on the person in possession requiring him within such time as may appear reasonable after the receipt of the said notice, to vacate the same; and
(b) if such notice is not obeyed, by removing or deputing a subordinate to remove any person who may refuse to vacate the same; and
(c) if the officer removing any such person is resisted or obstructed by any person, appoint any of the officers specified in section 3, who shall hold a summary inquiry into the facts of the case, and if satisfied that the resistance or obstruction was without any just cause, and that
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such resistance or obstruction still continues may, without prejudice to any proceeding to which such person may be liable under any law for the time being in force for the punishment of such resistance or obstruction, take or cause, to be taken such steps and use or cause to be used, such force as may, in the opinion of such officer, be reasonably necessary for securing compliance with the order.
Service of notice. 86 (1) Every notice or order issued or made under this Act, the rules or bye-laws may be served on any person
by properly addressing it to the last known place of
residence or business of such person by registered
post with acknowledgement due letter containing the
notice or order;
Provided that a notice relating to a meeting
called by a co-operative society shall be issued
under certificate of posting or be issued by hand
delivery after obtaining acknowledgement of the
receipt thereof.
(2) An acknowledgement purporting to be signed by such person or an endorsement by a postal employee that the person refused to take delivery may be deemed to be prima facie proof of service; Provided that if service of the notice cannot be effected by any manner provided under this Act, or rules made thereunder, or bye-laws of the society, a copy thereof shall be affixed notice board and also at the last known place of residence of the person noticed or at some place of public resort in such place.
Registrar and other officers etc, to be public servants.
87 Every officer or person as well as employee of a Co- operative Bank or a Co-operative society or an authority exercising or authorized to exercise the powers under this Act or the Rules or bye-laws made thereunder shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (44 of 1860)
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Indemnity for acts done in good faith.
88 No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Registrar or any person subordinate to him or acting under his authority, in respect of anything done or purporting to have been done by him in good faith under this Act.
Powers of civil courts.
89 (1) In exercising the powers conferred on him by or under this Act, the Registrar, his nominee or board of nominees, or any other person deciding a dispute and the liquidator of a society shall have all the powers of a civil court while trying a suit, under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), in respect of the following matters, namely:-
(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath;
(b) requiring the discovery and production of any document;
(c) proof of facts by affidavits; and
(d) issuing commissions for examination of witnesses.
(2) In the case of any affidavit, any officer appointed by the Registrar, his nominee or board of nominees or the liquidator, as the case may be, may administer oath to the deponent.
Registrar or person empowered by him to be a civil court for certain
purposes.
90 The Registrar or any person empowered by him in this behalf shall be deemed, when exercising any powers under this Act for the recovery of any amount by the attachment and sale or by sale without attachment of any property, or when passing any orders on any application made to him for such recovery or for taking a step in aid of such recovery, to be a civil court for the purposes of Article 182 of the First Schedule to the Indian Limitation Act, 1908 (IX of 1908).
Companies Act not to apply.
92 The provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (I of 1956) shall not apply to societies registered under this Act.
Certain other Acts not to apply to Co- operative societies.
93 Nothing contained in the Chhattisgarh Shops and Establishment Act. 1958 (25 of 1958), the Chhattisgarh Industrial Workman (Standing Order) Act, 1959 (19 of 1959) and the Chhattisgarh Industrial Relations Act, 1960 (27 of 1960) shall apply to a society registered under this Act,
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Notice necessary in suits.
94 No suit shall be instituted against a society or any of its officers in respect of any act touching the constitution, management or business of the society until the expiration of two months-next after notice in writing has been delivered to the Registrar or left at his office, stating the cause of action, the name, description and place of residence of the plaintiff and the relief which he claims, and the plaint shall contain a statement that such notice has been so delivered or left.
Power to make rules.
95 (1) The Government may, for the whole or any part of the State and for any society or class of societies, make rules for the conduct and regulation of the business of such society or class of societies and for carrying out all or any of the purposes of this Act.
(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may,-
(a) subject to the provisions of Section 3 prescribe the delegation of powers vested in the Registrar to persons appointed to assist the Registrar and prescribe the manner of forwarding the copies of the proposed amendment of the bye-laws to the Registrar.
(b) prescribe the forms to be used and the conditions to be complied with in the making of applications for the registration of a society and the procedure in the matter of such applications;
(c) prescribe the matters in respect of which a society may make or the Registrar may direct a society to make, bye-laws and the procedure to be followed in making, altering and abrogating bye-laws and the conditions to be satisfied prior to such making, alteration or abrogation; (c-1) prescribe the period for the training of a member of a society and the manner of calling upon a member of a society to attend the course of training;
(c-2) prescribe the manner of regulating the voting right of individual member of a federal society;
(d) prescribe the procedure to be followed and conditions to be observed for change of name
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or liability, reorganisation or reconstruction of society;
(e) prescribe the conditions to be complied with by a person applying for admission or admitted as a member and provide for the election and admission of members and the payment to be made and the interest to be acquired before the exercise of the right of membership;
(f) subject to the provisions of section 24, prescribe the maximum number of shares or portion of the capital of a society which may be held by a member;
(g) provide for the withdrawal or removal of members and for the payments to them;
(h) provide for the nomination of person to whom the share or the interest of a deceased member may be paid or transferred;
(i) provide for ascertaining the value of a share or interest of a past members or deceased member;
(j) prescribe the payments to be made and the conditions to be complied with by members applying for loans, the period for which loans may be made, and the amount which may be lent to an individual member;
(j-1) prescribe the proportions for reservation of seats for members belonging to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and economaly weaker section on the committee of a resource society and provide for holding of an office of President/ Chairman or Vice-President/ Vice- Chairman of resource society by a member belonging to the aforesaid castes, tribes or section;
(k) provide for the inspection of documents in the office of the Registrar or of any other officer or authority and the levy of fees for granting certified copies of the same;
(l) provide for the formation and maintenance of a register of members and where the liability of the members is limited by shares, of a register of shares and a list of members;
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(m) provide for securing that the share capital of any society shall be variable in such a way as may be necessary to secure that the share shall not appreciate in value and the necessary capital shall be available for the society as required;
(n) prescribe the terms and conditions on which Government may make share capital contribution or give assistance, financial or other, to societies and the terms and conditions on which Government may guarantee the payment of the principal of and interest on debentures issued by societies or loans raised by them;
(o) regulate the manner in which funds may be raised by a society or a class of societies by means of shares or debentures or otherwise and the quantum of funds so raised;
(p) prescribe the manner of giving intimation to the Tahsildar about the details of the debt of outstanding demand owing to the society from a member, past member or deceased member;
(q) prescribe the procedure by which a society shall calculate and write off bad debts;
(r) provide for the formation and maintenance of reserve funds, and the objects to which such funds may be applied and for the investment and use of any fund including reserve fund under the control of a society;
(s) prescribe the rate at which a society shall contribute towards the Chhattisgarh State Co- operative Union;
(t) prescribe the mode of investment of funds of a society under section 44 and the proportion of investment in any security or class of securities;
(u) provide for the payment of contribution to any provident fund which may be established by a society for the benefit of officers and servants employed by them and for the administration of such provident fund;
(v) provide for general meetings of the members and the procedure at such meetings and the
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powers to be exercised by such meetings;
(w) provide for the appointment, suspension and removal of the members of the committee and other officers and for the appointment of a person or persons under section 53 and prescribe procedure at meetings of the committee and for the powers to be exercised and the duties to be performed by the committee, person or persons and other officers;
(x) prescribe qualification and disqualification for members of the committee and employees of a society or class of societies and the conditions of service subject to which persons may be employed by societies;
(y) prescribe the returns to be submitted by society to the Registrar and provide for the person by whom and the form in which such returns shall be submitted;
(z) provide for the person by whom and the form in which copies of documents and entries in books of societies may be certified and the charges to be levied for the supply of copies thereof;
(aa) prescribe the accounts and books to be kept by a society and provide for the audit of such accounts and the charges, if any, to be made for such audit, and for the periodical publication of a balance sheet showing the assets and liabilities of a society; (bb) provide for appointment of Registrar's nominee or board of nominees, procedure to be followed in proceedings before the Registrar or his nominee or board of nominees, and for fixing and levying the expenses for determining the dispute and for enforcing the decisions or executing awards in such proceedings;
(cc) provide for the issue and service of processes; (dd) prescribe the procedure for and the method of recovery of any sums due under this Act or the rules;
(ee) prescribe the procedure to be followed for the
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custody of property attached under section
68.
(ff) Prescribe the procedure and conditions for the exercise of the powers conferred under Section 71 and the procedure to be followed by a liquidator and provide for the disposal of surplus assets;
(gg) prescribe the procedure to be followed in presenting and disposal of appeals revisions and review.
(ii) prescribe the method of communicating or publishing any order decision or award required to be communicated or published under this Act or the rules; and (jj) provide for all matters required or allowed by this Act to be prescribed by rules.
(3) All rules made under this Act shall be laid on the table of Legislative Assembly.
Repeal and savings. 96 (1) The Co-operative Societies Act, 1912 (II of 1912), in its application to Mahakoshal region, the Madhya
Bharat Co-operative Societies Act, 1955 the
Vindhya Pradesh Co-operative Societies Ordinance,
1949 the Bhopal State Co- operative Societies Act,
1937 (XI of 1937) and the Rajasthan Co-operative
Societies Act, (IV of 1953) in its application to the
Sironj region are hereby repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding such repeal-
(i) any society registered or deemed to have been registered under the enactments specified in sub-section (I) shall be deemed to be registered under this Act and its bye-laws shall, so far as the same are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act be deemed to be registered under this Act and continue in force until altered or rescinded;
(ii) all appointments, rules and orders made, notifications and notices issued and suits and other proceedings instituted under any ofthe said enactments shall so far as may be, be deemed to have been respectively made, issued and instituted under this Act.
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NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh lkslkbVh vf/kfu;e] 1960 ¼Øekad 17 lu~ 1961½
[fnukad 28 vizSy] 1961 dks jk"Vªifr dh vuqefr izkIr gqbZ; vuqefr ^^e/;izns'k jkti= ** essa fnukad 12 ebZ] 1961 dks izFke ckj izdkf'kr dh x;hA ]
[yksdrkaf=d lk/ku ds :Ik esa vkSj Lo;alsoh rFkk ikjLifjd lgk;rk ij vk/kkfjr yksd laLFkkvksa ds :Ik esa LoSfPNd lgdkjh laLFkkvksa dks laxfBr djus] mudk fodkl djus vkSj turk ds] fo'ks"k :Ik ls lekt ds detksj oxksZa ds 'kks"k.k dks jksdus vkSj muds lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl dks lqfuf'pr djus gsrq vf/kfu;eA]
Hkkjr x.kjkT; ds X;kjgos o"kZ esa e/;izns'k fo/kku e.My }kjk fuEufyf[kr :Ik esa ;g vf/kfu;fer gks %&
igyk v/;k; & izkjafHkd
laf{kIr uke]
foLrkj rFkk
izkjaHk-
1- ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e dk laf{kIr uke NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh
lkslkbVh vf/kfu;e] 1960 gS A
¼2½ bldk foLrkj lEiw.kZ NRrhlx<+ ij gSA
¼3½ ;g ,slh rkjh[k dks izòRr gksxk ftls jkT; ljdkj
vf/klwpuk }kjk fu;r djsA
ifjHkk"kk,a- 2- bl vf/kfu;e esa] tc rd fd lanHkZ ls vU;Fkk
visf{kr u gks]&
¼d½ ßvij jftLVªkjÞ ls vfHkizsr gS /kkjk 3 ds v/khu
fu;qDr fd;k x;k lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dk
vij
jftLVªkj;
¼¼d&,d½ ^^'kh"kZ lkslkbVh** ls vfHkizsr gS og lkslkbVh
ftldk iz/kku mn~ns'; mu vU; lkslkbfV;ksa
dks tks fd mlls lEc) gksa] fdz;kdj.k ds fy,
lqfo/kk,a nsuk gks vkSj ftlds fØ;k{ks= dk
foLrkj lEiw.kZ NRrhlx<+ ij gks(]
¼[k½ ßlgk;d jftLVªkjÞ ls vfHkizsr gS /kkjk 3 ds
v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa
dk lgk;d jftLVªkj;
¼[k&,d½ ßdk;Z{ks=Þ ls vfHkizsr gS og {ks= tgka ls
lnL;rk yh tkrh gS ;k tSlk fd lkslkbVh dh
mifof/k;ksa esa fofufnZ"V gS;
-2 -
¼x½ ßmifof/k;ksaÞ ls vfHkizsr gS os mifof/k;ka tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ dh xbZ gksa ;k jftLVªhdr̀ dh xbZ le>h tkrh gksa rFkk tks rRle; izo`Rr gksa] vkSj muds vUrxZr mifof/k;ksa dk dksbZ jftLVªhd`r la'kks/ku vkrk gS; ¼x&,d½ ßdsUnzh; lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS] ftyk lgdkjh d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad ;k vU; dksbZ lkslkbVh ftldk dk;Z{ks= jkT; ds fdlh Hkkx rd lhfer gks rFkk ftldk mn~ns'; lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa ds mn~ns';ksa dks laizofrZr djuk gS vkSj ftldh de ls de ikap lnL; lkslkbfV;ka gS(
[¼x&nks½ ßdsUnzh; lgdkjh cSadÞ ls vfHkizsr gS bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhd`r ;k jftLVªhdr̀ le>h xbZ dksbZ lalk/ku lkslkbVh tks cSaddkjh fofu;eu vf/kfu;e] 1949 ¼1949 dk la-10½ ds v/khu ;k rks vuqKIr gks ;k tks Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk bl izdkj vuqKIr fd;s tkus rd cSaddkjh dkjksckj djus ds fy, vuqKkr gks vkSj& ¼,d½ ftldk dk;Z {ks= jkT; ds fdlh Hkkx rd lhfer gks; vkSj
¼nks½ ftldk eq[; mn~ns'; ;g gks fd vius ls lEc) lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa ds fy;s
fuf/k;ksa dk l`tu djsa vkSj d`f"kd]
vkS|kSfxd ,oa vU; lgc) iz;kstuksa ds
fy;s mu lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa ds fy;s
ØsfMV] eky ;k lsok,a vfHkizkIr djs vkSj ØsfMV eky ;k lsok,a ;k m/kkj ds :Ik esa mudk iznk; mu lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dks djs(]
¼x&rhu½ ßdEiuhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dEiuh vf/kfu;e] 1956 ¼1956 dk la-1½ dh /kkjk 3 esa
;FkkifjHkkf"kr dksbZ dEIkuh;
¼x&pkj½ ßlgdkjh la?kÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh jftLVªhdr̀ lkslkbVh ftldk eq[; mn~ns'; lgdkfjrk f'k{kk nsuk] mldk izpkj djuk] lgdkjh lsokvksa dk izf'k{k.k nsuk vkSj mudk foLrkj djuk gS;
¼?k½ ßlfefrÞ ls vfHkizsr gS /kkjk 48 ds v/khu xfBr fd;k x;k izcU/k cksMZ] pkgs og fdlh Hkh uke ls iqdkjk tkrk gks;
-3 -
¼?k&,d½ ßlgdkjh cSadÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slk jkT; lgdkjh cSad] dksbZ ,slk dsUnzh; lgdkjh cSad rFkk dksbZ ,slk izkFkfed lgdkjh cSad tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ gks ;k
jftLVªhdr̀ gqvk le>k tkrk gks;
¼M-½ ßifjlhfer nkf;Ro okyh lgdkjh lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS] dksbZ lkslkbVh ftlds lnL;ksa dk nkf;Ro mldh mifof/k;ksa }kjk ml jde] ;fn dksbZ gks] tks fd muds }kjk /kkfjr va'kks ij vnRr gks] rd ifjlhfer gks ;k ,slh jde ftldk fd] ml lkslkbVh dk
ifjlekiu gks tkus dh n'kk esa] mldh
vkfLr;ksa ds izfr vfHknk; djus dk ftEek os vius Åij ysa] rd ifjlhfer gks;
¼M-&,d½ ßeq[; dk;ZikydÞ ls vfHkizsr gS /kkjk 49&M- ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k O;fDr vkSj ftls lfefr ds v/;{k ds v/kh{k.k] fu;a=.k vkSj funs'ku ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, lfefr }kjk lgdkjh lkslkbVh ds
dk;Zdykiksa dk izca/k lkSaik x;k gS; ¼N½ ßmiHkksDrk lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh tks vius lnL;ksa rFkk lkFk gh vU; xzkgdksa ds fy, eky vfHkizkIr djus ;k mldk mRiknu djus rFkk izlaLdj.k djus ,oa mUgsa mldk forj.k djus ;k muds fy, vU;
lsok;sa djus ds rFkk ,sls iznk;] mRiknu] izlaLdj.k ,oa forj.k ls izksn~Hkwr gksus okys ykHkksa dks vius lnL;ksa rFkk xzkgdksa ds chp ml vuqikr esa] tks fd ,slh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa vf/kdfFkr fd;k tk;s] forj.k djus ds mn~ns'; ls cukbZ xbZ gks;
¼N&,d½ ßizR;k;qDrÞ ls vfHkizsr gS O;f"Vd lnL;ksa ds lewg }kjk lkslkbVh ds lk/kkj.k fudk; esa mudk izfrfuf/kRo djus ds fy, lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj fuokZfpr dksbZ O;fDr;
¼N&nks½ ßfMikftV bU';ksjsal ,.M xkj.Vh dkiksZjs'kuÞ ls vfHkizsr gS fMikftV bU';ksjsal ,.M xkj.Vh dkiksZjs'ku ,DV] 1961 ¼1961 dk la- 47½ ds v/khu LFkkfir fMikftV bU';ksjsal ,.M
xkj.Vh dkiksZjs'ku;
-4 -
¼t½ ßmi jftLVªkjÞ ls vfHkizsr gS /kkjk 3 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dk dksbZ mi jftLVªkj;
¼t&t½ ßfodkl cSadÞ ls vfHkizsr gS] ,slk ftyk lgdkjh d̀f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad vFkok NRrhlx<+ jkT; lgdkjh d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ gks ;k jftLVªhd`r gqvk le>k tk,;
¼>½ ßdqVqEcÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ O;fDr] mldk ifr ;k mldh iRuh] ml ij vkfJr
mldh larku vkSj ml ij vkfJr rFkk
mlds lkFk la;qDrr% fuokl djus okys vU; ukrsnkj;
¼¥½ ßd`f"k deZ lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS] ,slh iathd̀r lkslkbVh tks Hkwfe ds fodkl rFkk [ksrh dh vf/kd vPNh i)fr;ksa dks laizofrZr djus ,oa ubZ d`f"k rduhd dks laizofrZr djus ds mn~ns'; ls cukbZ x;h gks vkSj blesa lfEefyr gS csgrj d̀f"k deZ lkslkbVh] vfHk/kkjh d̀f"k deZ lkslkbVh] lkewfgd d`f"k deZ lkslkbVh] la;qDr d`f"k deZ lkslkbVh] flapkbZ lkslkbVh] lafonk d`f"k deZ lkslkbVh rFkk Qly lao/kZu lkslkbVh(
¼V½ ßla?kh; lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS og lkslkbVh ftldh va'kiwath dk] ljdkjh va'kiwath dks vioftZr djrs gq,] de ls de ipkl izfr'kr lkslkbfV;ksa }kjk /kkfjr gks;
¼B½ ßfoRrnk;h cSadÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh ftlds mn~ns';ksa ds vUrxZr vU; lkslkbfV;ksa dks ;k mlds oS;fDrd lnL;ksa dks m/kkj nh tkus okyh fuf/k;ksa dk lf̀tr fd;k tkuk vkrk gS] vkSj mlds vUrxZr vkrs gS dksbZ fodkl cSad rFkk lgdkjh cSad;
¼M½ ßlk/kkj.k lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh tks /kkjk 10 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fofufnZ"V fd, x;s 'kh"kZ ¼,d½ ls ¼nl½ rd esa ls fdlh Hkh 'kh"kZ ds varxZr u vkrh gks; ¼<½ ßx`g fuekZ.k lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh tks bl mn~ns'; ls cukbZ xbZ gks fd og vius lnL;ksa ds fy, fuokl LFkku dh
O;oLFkk djs(
-5 -
¼<&,d½ ßvkS|ksfxd lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS cqudj] c<+bZ] /kkrqdeZdkjksa] eksph ;k dksbZ vU; lkslkbVh ftldk y{; fdlh Hkh izdkj ds dPps eky ls ifj"dr̀ eky fufeZr djuk gS] ds fodkl dks laizofrZr djus ds mn~ns'; ls fojfpr dksbZ lkslkbVh;
¼.k½ ßla;qDr jftLVªkjÞ ls vfHkizsr gS /kkjk 3 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dk dksbZ la;qDr jftLVªkj;
¼r½ ßlekidÞ ls vfHkizsr gS] /kkjk 70 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k dksbZ O;fDr;
¼Fk½ ßfoi.ku lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS] dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh tks d`f"k mit ;k vU; mit dk
foi.ku djus ds iz;kstu ds fy, cukbZ xbZ gks vkSj ftlds mn~ns';ksa esa ,slh mit ds fy, visf{kr oLrqvksa dk iznk; djuk lfEefyr gksA ¼n½ ßlnL;Þ ls vfHkizsr gS] fdlh lkslkbVh ds jftLVªhdj.k laca/kh vkosnu esa la;ksftr gksus okyk dksbZ O;fDr ;k dksbZ ,slk O;fDr ftls jftLVªhdj.k ds i'pkr~] bl vf/kfu;e rFkk mu fu;eksa ,oa mifof/k;ksa ds] tks fd ,slh lkslkbVh dks ykxw gkas] vuqlkj lnL;rk iznku dj nh xbZ gks vkSj mlds varxZr jkT;
ljdkj] tcfd og fdlh lkslkbVh ds
va'kiwath ds izfr vfHknk; djrh gks] vkrh gS; ¼/k½ ßcgqiz;kstu lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh ftlds mn~ns';ksa esa mu izkFkfed mn~ns';ksa esa ls] tks fd [k.M ¼N%½] ¼<½] ¼Q½ rFkk ¼e½ esa ls fdUgh Hkh nks ;k vf/kd [k.Mksa esa fofufnZ"V fd, x;s gSa] dksbZ izkFkfed mn~ns'; lfEefyr gks;
¼u½ ßukeek= dk lnL;Þ ls vfHkizsr gS] dksbZ ,slk O;fDr ftls /kkjk 20 ds v/khu fdlh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :Ik esa izos'k fn;k x;k gks; ¼u&,d½ ßvf/kdkjhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slk O;fDr ftls fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk ,slh lkslkbVh ds fdlh in ij ,slh lkslk;Vh dh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj fuokZfpr ;k fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks vkSj mlds vUrxZr dksbZ lHkkifr]
mi&lHkkifr] v/;{k] mik/;{k] izca/k funs'kd] izca/kd lfpo] dks"kk/;{k] lfefr dk lnL; rFkk dksbZ ,slk vU; O;fDr] ftls ,slh
-6 -
lkslk;Vh ds dkjksckj ds laca/k esa funsZ'k nsus ds fy;s bl vf/kfu;e] fu;eksa ;k mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu fuokZfpr ;k fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks vkrk gS%
¼i½ ßvU; fiNM+s oxZÞ ls vfHkizsr gS ,sls fiNM+s oxksZa ds O;fDr;ksa dk izoxZ tks fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfpr fd;k tk,;
¼i&,d½ ßizkFkfed lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS og lkslkbVh tks u rks 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh gks vkSj u dsUnzh; lkslkbVh;
¼i&nks½ ßizkFkfed d`f"k lk[k lgdkjh lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS ,slh lkslkbVh tks d`f"k mRiknu ds fy, m/kkj miyC/k djkus ds eq[; mn~ns'; ls laxfBr dh xbZ gS vkSj mlds vUrxZr
izkFkfed lsok lgdkjh lkslkbVh] d̀"kd lsok lgdkjh lkslkbVh] o`gRrkdkj lgdkjh
lkslkbVh vkSj vkfne tkfr lsok lgdkjh
lfefr gS;
¼i&rhsu½ ßizkFkfed lgdkjh cSadÞ ls vfHkizsr gS cSad ds :Ik esa jftLVªhdr̀ u dh xbZ uxjh; ;k xzke lalk/ku lkslkbVh ls fHkUu dksbZ lkslkbVh] ftlds mn~ns';ksa ds varxZr mlds lnL;ksa dks m/kkj nh tkus okyh fuf/k;ksa dk l`ftr fd;k tkuk vkSj mlds lnL;ksa dks fn;s tkus gsrq ØsfMV vfHkizkIr djuk vkrk gks vkSj tks ;k rks cSaddkjh fofu;eu vf/kfu;e]1949 ¼1949 dk la- 10½ ds v/khu vuqKIr gks ;k tks bl izdkj vuqKIr fd;s tkus rd cSaddkjh dkjksckj djus ds fy, vuqKkr gS;
¼Q½ ßmRiknd lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh tks eky dk mRiknu rFkk O;;u
vius lnL;ksa dh lkewfgd lEifRr ds :Ik esa djus ds mn~ns'; ls cukbZ xbZ gS vkSj mlds vUrxZr dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh vkrh gS tks mlds lnL;ksa ds Je ds lkewfgd mi;kstu ds
mn~ns'; ls cukbZ xbZ gS;
¼Ck½ ßizlaLdj.k lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh tks eky dk mRiknu ;kaf=d ;k
'kkjhfjd izfØ;k }kjk djus ds mn~ns'; ls cukbZ xbZ gks vkSj mlds varxZr dksbZ
vkS|ksfxd lkslkbVh rFkk dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh] tks d`f"k mit dk izlaLdj.k djus ds fy,
-7 -
gks] vkrh gS; ¼Hk½ ßjftLVªkjÞ ls vfHkizsr gS /kkjk 3 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dk jftLVªkj; ¼Hk&,d½ ßizfrfuf/kÞ ls vfHkizsr gS fdlh lkslkbVh dk dksbZ ,slk lnL; tks ml lkslkbVh dk
izfrfuf/kRo vU; lkslkbVh esa djs;
¼Hk&nks½ ßfjtoZ cSadÞ ls vfHkizsr gS fjtoZ cSad vkWQ bafM;k ,DV] 1934 ¼Øekad 2 lu~ 1934½ ds v/khu LFkkfir fd;k x;k fjtoZ cSad vkQ
bafM;k;
¼e½ ßlalk/ku lkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh tks bl mn~ns'; ls cukbZ xbZ gks fd og vius lnL;ksa ds fy, m/kkj ¼ØsfMV½] eky ;k lsok;sa] tks fd muds }kjk visf{kr gksa] vfHkizkIr djs vkSj mlds varxZr dksbZ lsok lkslkbVh rFkk dksbZ izkFkfed lk[k lkslkbVh vkrh gS;
¼e&,d½ ßfjVfuZax vf/kdkjhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slk vf/kdkjh ftls jftLVªkj us lk/kkj.k ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk bl gsrq fu; qDr fd;k gks fd og vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ds v/khu fjVfuZax vf/kdkjh ds dRrZO;ksa dk ikyu djs vkSj mlds varxZr fjVfuZax vf/kdkjh ds v/khuLFk dksbZ ,slk vf/kdkjh vkrk gS] ftls mlus bl gsrq fyf[kr esa ukefufnZ"V fd;k gks fd og fjVfuZax vf/kdkjh ds dRrZO;ksa dk ikyu djs;
¼e&nks½ ßvuqlwfpr {ks=Þ ls vfHkizsr gS og {ks= tks vuqlwfpr {ks= ¼fcgkj] xqtjkr vkSj mMhlk jkT;½ vkns'k] 1977 ds v/khu ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS;
¼;½ ßlkslkbVhÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ lgdkjh lkslkbVh tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ gks ;k jftLVªhdr̀ gqbZ le>h tkrh gks;
¼;&,d½ ßfofufnZ"V inÞ ls vfHkizsr gS fd v/;{k ;k lHkkifr dk in]
¼d&d½ ßjkT; lgdkjh cSadÞ ls vfHkizsr gS NRrhlx<+ jkT; lgdkjh cSad] e;kZfnr;
¼[k&[k½ ßfo|kFkhZÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slk O;fDr tks fdlh 'kS{kf.kd] O;olkf;d ;k izf'k{k.k laLFkk
-8 -
esa v/;;u dj jgk gS; nwljk v/;k; & jftLVªhdj.k jftLVªkj rFkk
vU; vf/kdkjh-
3- ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj jkT; ds fy, fdlh O;fDr dks lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dk jftLVªkj fu;qDr djsxh vkSj fuEufyf[kr izoxksZa ds ,d ;k vf/kd vf/kdkfj;ksa dks bl gsrq ls fu;qDr dj ldsxh fd os mldh lgk;rk djsa vFkkZr~ %&
¼d½ lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dk vij jftLVªkj( ¼[k½ lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dk la;qDr&jftLVªkj( ¼x½ lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dk mi&jftLVªkj( ¼?k½ lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dk lgk;d&jftLVªkj( ¼M-½ vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ,sls vU; izoxZ tks fd fofgr fd, tk,WA
¼2½ jftLVªkj dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd, x, vf/kdkjh bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k mlds v/khu jftLVªkj dks iznRr dh xbZ ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk rFkk bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k mlds v/khu jftLVªkj ij vf/kjksfir fd, x, ,sls dRrZO;ksa dk] tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj] fo'ks"k ;k lk/kkj.k vkns'k }kjk] funsZ'k ns] iz;ksx rFkk ikyu ,sls {ks=ksa ds Hkhrj djsaxs tSls fd jkT; ljdkj fofufnZ"V djs %
ijUrq vij jftLVªkj ;k la;qDr jftLVªkj ls fHkUu fdlh Hkh vf/kdkjh dks bl ckr ds fy, fofufnZ"V ugha fd;k tk;sxk fd og /kkjk 78 ds v/khu vihyksa dks lquokbZ djus dh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsaA ¼3½ jftLVªkj dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;s x;s vf/kdkjh jftLVªkj ds v/khuLFk gksaxs vkSj mlds lk/kkj.k ekxZn'kZu] i;Zos{k.k rFkk fu;a=.k ds v/khu dk;Z djsaxs-
lkslkbfV;ka tks
jftLVªhd`r dh
tk ldasxh-
4- bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] fdlh Hkh ,slh lkslkbVh dks] ftldk fd mn~ns'; vius lnL;ksa ds vkfFkZd fgr ;k muds lk/kkj.k dY;k.k dks lgdkjh fl)kUrkas ds vuqlkj laizofrZr djuk gks] ;k fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh dks] tks fd fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh dh lafØ;kvksa dks lqdj cukus ds mn~ns'; ls LFkkfir dh xbZ gks] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ fd;k tk ldsxk-
ifjlhfer ;k
vifjlhfer
nkf;Ro lfgr
lkslkbfV;ksa dk
5- dksbZ lkslkbVh ifjlhfer ;k vifjlhfer nkf;Ro lfgr jftLVªhdr̀ dh tk ldsxh%
ijUrq tc rd fd jkT; ljdkj] lk/kkj.k ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk] vU;Fkk funsZf'kr u djs] fdlh ,slh
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jftLVªhdj.k- lkslkbVh dk] ftldh dh lnL; dksbZ vU; lkslkbVh gks] nkf;Ro ifjlhfer gksxk-
jftLVªhdj.k
dh 'krsZa-
6- ¼1½ ftl lkslkbVh dh lnL; dksbZ vU; lkslkbVh gks ml lkslkbVh ls fHkUu dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhd`r ugha dh tk;sxh ;fn og de ls de ,sls chl O;fDr;ksa ls feydj u cuh gks] tks Hkkjrh; lafonk vf/kfu;e] 1872 ¼ Øekad 9 lu~ 1872½ dh /kkjk 11 ds v/khu lafonk djus ds fy, l{ke gksa rFkk tks fudV ds ukrsnkj u gksdj chl fHkUu&fHkUu dqVqEcksa ds gksa] vkSj ml n'kk esa tcfd lkslkbVh ds mn~ns';ksa esa mlds lnL;ksa dks m/kkj nh tkus okyh fuf/k;ksa dk l`ftr fd;k tkuk lfEefyr gks] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ ugha dh tk;sxh ;fn ,sls O;fDr] ml n'kk esa ds flok; tcfd jftLVªkj lk/kkj.k ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk vU;Fkk funsZ'k ns] mlh uxj ;k xzke esa ;k xzkeksa ds fdlh lewg esa fuokl u djrs gksa%
ijUrq vuU;r% fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Qk;ns ds fy;s cukbZ xbZ dksbZ lkslkbVh bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh jftLVªhdr̀ dh tk ldsxh fd ,slh lkslkbVh ds lnL;ksa us ml fof/k] ftlds fd v/;/khu os gS] ds vuqlkj O;Ldrk dh vk;q izkIr ugha dh gS%
ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd jftLVªkj U;wure lnL;rk dh 'krZ dks] ,slh lkslkbVh ds fy,] tks fdlh laxBu@ LFkkiuk ds deZpkfj;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, laxfBr dh xbZ] f'kfFky dj ldsxk%
ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd fdlh izkFkfed lkslkbVh dh n'kk esa jftLVªhdj.k ds le; de ls de 33 izfr'kr efgyk lnL; gksaxh%
ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd jftLVªkj] i;kZIr dkj.kksa ls efgyk lnL;ksa dh fofgr izfr'krrk dh 'krksZa dks f'kfFky dj ldsxk-
¼2½ 'kCn ßifjlhferÞ ;k fdlh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk esa mldk i;kZ; izR;sd ,slh lkslkbVh ds] tks fd bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ifjlhfer nkf;Ro lfgr jftLVªhd`r dh xbZ gks] uke esa vfUre 'kCn gksxk-
jftLVªhdj.k ds
fy, vkosnu-
7- ¼1½ jftLVªhdj.k ds iz;kstuksa ds fy,] fdlh lkslkbVh dks jftLVªhdr̀ djus ds fy, vkosnu fofgr izk:Ik esa jftLVªkj dks fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mlds lkFk lkslkbVh dh izLFkkfir mifof/k;ksa dh pkj&pkj izfrfyfi;ka layXu gksaxh- og O;fDr] ftlds }kjk ;k ftldh vksj ls ,slk vkosnu fd;k tk;] lkslkbVh ds ckjs esa ,slh
-10 -
tkudkjh nsxk tSlh fd jftLVªkj visf{kr djs- ¼2½ vkosnu]&
¼d½ fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh dh n'kk esa] ftldh fd lnL; dksbZ vU; lkslkbVh u gks] de ls de nl ,sls O;fDr;ksa }kjk] tks /kkjk 6 dh vis{kkvksa ds vuqlkj vfgZr gksa( vkSj ¼[k½ fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh dh n'kk esa] ftldh fd lnL; dksbZ jftLVªhd`r lkslkbVh gks] izR;sd ,slh jftLVªhdr̀ lkslkbVh dh vksj ls fdlh ,sls O;fDr }kjk] tks lE;d:is.k izkf/kdr̀ fd;k x;k gks] vkSj tgka ml lkslkbVh ds leLr lnL; jftLVªhdr̀ lkslkbfV;ka u gksa] ogka nl vU; lnL;ksa }kjk ;k] tc vU; lnL; nl ls de gksa] rks mu lcds }kjk( gLrk{kfjr fd;k tk;sxk-
dfri; iz'uksa
dks fofuf'pr
djus dh
jftLVªkj dh
'kfDr-
8- tgka fdlh lkslkbVh ds cuk;s tkus] mldk jftLVªhdj.k fd;k tkus ;k mlds cus jgus ds laca/k esa ;k fdlh O;fDr dks fdlh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :Ik esa Lohd`r fd;s tkus ds laca/k esa dksbZ ,slk iz'u mn~Hkwr gks fd dksbZ O;fDr d"̀kd gS ;k ugha vFkok dksbZ O;fDr fdlh fof'k"V {ks= esa fuokl djrk gS ;k ugha vFkok dksbZ O;fDr fdlh fof'k"V oxZ ;k mithfodk ls lacaf/kr gS ;k ugha vFkok tgka fdlh lkslkbVh dk lnL; cuus ds fy;s fdlh O;fDr dh ik=rk ds laca/k esa ,slk gh dksbZ vU; iz'u mn~Hkwr gks] ogka ,slk iz'u jftLVªkj }kjk fofuf'pr fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mldk fofu'p; vfUre gksxk-
jftLVªhdj.k- 9- ¼1½ ;fn jftLVªkj dk lek/kku gks tk; fd fdlh lkslkbVh us bl vf/kfu;e rFkk fu;eksa ds micU/kksa dk vuqikyu fd;k gS vkSj ;g fd mldh izLFkkfir mifof/k;ka bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eksa ds izfrdwy ugha gSa] rks og ml lkslkbVh dks jftLVªhd`r dj ldsxk(
ijUrq fdlh lkslkbVh dks jftLVªhd`r ugha
fd;k tk;xk ;fn] jftLVªkj dh jk; esa] mlds vkfFkZd n`f"V ls detksj gks tkus dh laHkkouk gks ;k ;g
laHkkouk gks fd mldk fdlh vU; lkslkbVh ij
izfrdwy izHkko iMs+xk
¼2½ tgka jftLVªkj fdlh lkslkbVh dks ;k mldh
mifof/k;ksa dks jftLVªhdr̀ djus ls badkj dj nsrk gS] ogka og badkj laca/kh vkns'k ml badkj ds dkj.kk sa lfgr vkosnu ds izFke gLrk{kjdrkZ dks lalwfpr
-11 -
djsxk- ¼3½ jftLVªkj fdlh lkslkbVh ds jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, vkosnu izkIr gksus dh rkjh[k ls uCcs fnu ds Hkhrj fofu'p; djsxk %
ijUrq ;fn jftLVªkj iwoksZDr dkykof/k ds Hkhrj ,sls vkosnu dk fuiVkjk djus esa vlQy jgrk gS rks og ,slh dkykof/k dk volku gksus dh rkjh[k ls iUnzg fnu ds Hkhrj ,sls vkosnu dks vxys mPp vf/kdkjh dks vkSj tgka jftLVªkj Lo;a jftLVªhdj.k vf/kdkjh gS] ogka jkT; ljdkj dks funsZf'kr djsxk] ;FkkfLFkfr tks ;k ftlds }kjk] vkosnu izkIr gksus dh rkjh[k ls nks ekl ds Hkhrj vkosnu fuiVkjk fd;k tk,xk vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr] ,sls mPp vf/kdkjh ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk ml dkykof/k ds Hkhrj vkosnu dk fuiVkjk djus esa vlQy jgus ij lkslkbVh vkSj mldh mifof/k;ka jftLVªhd`r dj nh xbZ le>h tk,xhA
¼4½ jftLVªkj] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhd̀r lkslkbfV;ksa dk ,d jftLVj j[ksxk-
lkslkbfV;ksa dk
oxhZdj.k-
10- ¼1½ jftLVªkj leLr lkslkbfV;ksa dk oxhZdj.k fuEufyf[kr ,d ;k vf/kd 'kh"kksZa ds v/khu djsxk] vFkkZr~ %& ¼,d½ miHkksDrk lkslkbVh;
¼nks½ d`f"k deZ lkslkbVh;
¼rhu½ la?kh; lks;k;Vh
¼pkj½ dsUnzh; lks;k;Vh
¼ikap½ x`g fuekZ.k lkslkbVh;
¼Ng½ foi.ku lkslkbVh;
¼lkr½ cgqiz;kstu lkslkbVh;
¼vkB½ mRiknd lkslkbVh;
¼ukS½ izlaLdj.k lkslkbVh;
¼nl½ lalk/ku lkslkbVh;
¼X;kjg½ lk/kkj.k lkslkbVh(
¼ckjg½ vkS|ksfxd lkslkbVh
ijUrq fdlh fof'k"V oxZ dh lkslkbfV;ksa dh lafØ;k dks lqdj cukus ds mn~ns'; ls cukbZ xbZ lkslkbVh ml oxZ dh lkslkbVh ds :Ik esa oxhZd`r dh tk;sxh-
-12 -
¼1&d½ jftLVªkj mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fofufnZ"V fd;s x;s 'kh"kksZa eas ls fdlh 'kh"kZ ds v/khu vkus okyh lkslkbfV;ksa dk fuEufyf[kr 'kh"kksZa ds v/khu vkSj Hkh oxhZdj.k dj ldsxk] vFkkZr~~ %&
¼d½ 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh(
¼[k½ dsUnzh; lkslkbVh(
¼x½ izkFkfed lkslkbVh%
¼2½ jftLVªkj] ys[kc) fd;s tkus okys dkj.kksa ls] fdlh lkslkbVh ds oxhZdj.k dks ,d 'kh"kZ ls nwljs 'kh"kZ esa ifjofrZr dj ldsxk-
¼3½ lkslkbfV;ksa ds oxhZdj.k ds ckjs esa jftLVªkj dk fofu'p; vfUre gksxk-
lkslkbVh dh
mifof/k;ksa dk
la'kks/ku-
11- ¼1½ fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa dk dksbZ Hkh la'kks/ku rc rd fof/kekU; ugha gksxk tc rd fd bl vf/kfu;e
ds v/khu jftLVj esa ntZ u fd;k x;k gks] ftl
iz;kstu ds fy;s ml izLrkfor la'kks/ku dh pkj izfr;ka fofgr jhfr esa jftLVªkj dks Hksth tk,xh-
¼2½ ;fn jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tk; fd izLrkfor la'kks/ku bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x,
fu;eksa ds izfrdwy ugha gS rFkk lkslkbVh ds y{;ksa rFkk mn~ns';ksa ds ;k mldh fo|eku mifof/k;ksa esa ls fdlh Hkh mifof/k ds izfrdwy ugha gS rks og ml la'kks/ku dks jftLVj esa ntZ dj ldsxk-
¼3½ jftLVªkj vkosnd lkslkbVh dks lquokbZ dk volj fn, fcuk mifof/k;ksa ds fdlh la'kks/ku dks jftLVj esa ntZ djus ls badkj ugha djsxk- ;fn og fdlh la'kks/ku dks jftLVj esa ntZ djus ls badkj djus dk fofu'p;
djrk gS rks og badkj laca/kh vkns'k ml badkj ds dkj.kksa lfgr izLrko izkIr gksus dh rkjh[k ls iSarkfyl fnu ds Hkhrj lkslkbVh dks lalwfpr djsxk %
ijUrq ;fn jftLVªkj] iwoksZDr dkykof/k ds Hkhrj ,sls vkosnu dk fuiVkjk djus esa vlQy jgrk gS rks og ,slh dkykof/k dk volku gksus dh rkjh[k ls ianzg fnu ds Hkhrj ,sls vkosnu dks vxys mPp vf/kdkjh dks] vkSj tgka jftLVªkj Lo;a jftLVªhdj.k vf/kdkjh gS] ogka jkT; ljdkj dks funsZf'kr djsxk] ;FkkfLFkfr tks ;k ftlds }kjk] vkosnu izkIr gksus dh rkjh[k ls nks ekl ds Hkhrj fuiVkjk fd;k tk,xk vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr ,sls mPp vf/kdkjh ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk ml
dkykof/k ds Hkhrj vkosnu dk fuiVkjk djus esa
vlQy jgus ij mifof/k;ksa dk la'kks/ku jftLVªhd`r dj fn;k x;k le>k tk,xk-
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mifof/k;ksa ds la'kks/ku ds fy, funsZ'k nsus dh 'kfDr-
12- ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eksa ;k mifof/k;ksa esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] lkslkbVh ds ipkl izfr'kr ls vf/kd lnL;ksa ds vuqjks/k ij ;k ;fn jftLVªkj ;g le>rk gS fd fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa dksbZ la'kks/ku fd;k tkuk ,slh lkslkbVh ds fgr esa vko';d ;k okaNuh; gS] rks og] ml lkslkbVh ij fofgr jhfr esa rkehy fd, tkus okys fyf[kr vkns'k }kjk] ml lkslkbVh ls ;g vis{kk dj ldsxk fd og lkB fnu ds Hkhrj] ,slk la'kks/ku djs-
¼2½ ;fn og lkslkbVh] jftLVªkj }kjk fofufnZ"V le; ds Hkhrj la'kks/ku djus esa vlQy jgrh gS rks jftLVªkj] ml lkslkbVh dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~ vkSj ,slh 'kh"kZ@la?kh; lkslkbVh dh] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfpr dh tk,] jk; eakxus ds i'pkr~] ,slk la'kks/ku jftLVj dj ldsxk vkSj mldh ,d izekf.kr izfr ,slh lkslkbVh dks tkjh dj ldsxk(
ijUrq bl /kkjk ds mica/k uxjh; lgdkjh cSadksa ds ekeys esa ykxw ugha gksaxs-
uke dh
rCnhyh-
13- dksbZ lkslkbVh] viuh mifof/k;ksa esa la'kks/ku djds] viuk uke rCnhy dj ldsxh] fdUrq ,slh rCnhyh ml lkslkbVh ds ;k mlds lnL;ksa esa ls fdlh lnL; ds] ;k HkwriwoZ lnL;ksa ds] ;k er̀ lnL;ksa ds fdlh vf/kdkj ;k mudh fdlh ck/;rk ij dksbZ izHkko ugha Mkysxh ;k ,slh rCnhyh ml lkslkbVh }kjk ;k mlds fo:} fdUgha fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ksa dks =qfViw.kZ ugha cuk;sxh] vkSj dksbZ Hkh ,slh fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ka] tks ml lkslkbVh }kjk ;k mlds fo:} mlds iwoZorhZ uke ls tkjh j[kh tk ldrh gksa ;k izkjaHk dh tk ldrh gksa] mlds uohu uke ls mlh izdkj tkjh j[kh tk;sxh ;k izkjaHk dh tk;sxh-
dfri; izek.k
i=ksa dk
fu'pk;d lk{;
gksuk-
14- ¼1½ tgka dksbZ lkslkbVh bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ dh tkrh gS ;k jftLVªhd`r dh x;h le>h tkrh gS] ogka jftLVªkj vius gLrk{kj ls ,d jftLVªhdj.k izek.k&i= tkjh djsxk vkSj ,slk izek.k&i= bl ckr dk fd mlesa of.kZr lkslkbVh lE;d:is.k jftLVªhd`r gS] fu'pk;d lk{; gksxk tc rd fd ;g u lkfcr dj fn;k tk, fd ml
lkslkbVh dk jftLVªhdj.k ckn esa jn~n dj fn;k x;k gS%
ijUrq tgka dksbZ lkslk;Vh bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ dh x;h le>h tkrh gS] ogka jftLVªkj mlds jftLVªhd`r fd;s x;s le>s tkus dh rkjh[k ls lkB fnu ds Hkhrj jftLVªhdj.k izek.k&i= tkjh djsxkA
-14 -
¼2½ dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh rc rd dkjksckj izkjaHk ugha djsxh tc rd fd mlus mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu jftLVªhdj.k dk izek.k&i= vfHkizkIr u dj fy;k gks vkSj ,slh lkslkbVh dk izR;sd ,slk lnL;] tks bl mi/kkjk ds mYya?ku esa dkjckj dj jgk gS] ,sls dkjckj esa mixr fd;s x;s leLr nkf;Roksa ds fy;s i`Fkd~&ìFkd~ nk;h gksxk- ¼3½ tc jftLVªkj fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds fdlh la'kks/ku dks /kkjk 11 ;k /kkjk 12 ds v/khu jftLVj esa ntZ djrk gS] rks og] ml la'kks/ku dh] tks mlds }kjk jftLVj esa ntZ fd;k x;k gks] ,d izfrfyfi ml lkslkbVh dks nsxk tks fd bl ckr dk fu'pk;d lk{; gksxh fd og la'kks/ku jftLVj esa lE;d~:is.k ntZ dj fy;k x;k gS-
¼4½ tgka dksbZ lkslkbVh viuk uke /kkjk 13 ds v/khu rCnhy djrh gS] ogka jftLVªkj jftLVªhdj.k izek.k&i= dks rnkuqlkj la'kksf/kr djsxk tks fd bl ckr dk fu'pk;d lk{; gksxk fd uke dh og rCnhyh jftLVj esa lE;d~:is.k ntZ dj yh xbZ gS-
lkslkbVh ds
nkf;Ro dk
ifjlhfer ls
vifjlhfer esa ;k
vifjlhfer ls
ifjlhfer esa
rCnhy fd;k
tkuk-
15- ¼1½ /kkjk 11 ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] dksbZ lkslkbVh viuh mifof/k;ksa esa la'kks/ku djds vius nkf;Ro dks ifjlhfer ls vifjlhfer esa ;k
vifjlhfer ls ifjlhfer esa rCnhy dj ldsxh- ¼2½ dksbZ ,slk la'kks/ku jftLVªkj }kjk rc rd jftLVj esa ntZ ugh fd;k tk;sxk] tc rd fd mldk ;g
lek/kku u gks tk; fd-&
¼,d½ lkslkbVh ds izR;sd lnL; dks rFkk fdlh ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa ds oxZ dks] ftlds fgr ij] jftLVªkj dh jk; esa] ml rCnhyh
dk izHkko iM+ ldrk gS] bDdhl fnu dh
lwpuk nh tk pqdh gS( vkSj
¼nks½ izR;sd ,sls lnL; ;k O;fDr ds ekeys esa tks] jftLVªkj dh jk; es] lwpuk ikus dk
gdnkj gS]&
¼d½ ml rCnhyh ds fy;s ;k rks mldh
vuqefr vfHkizkIr dj yh xbZ gS ;k
lwpuk dh rkjh[k ls bDdhl fnu ds
Hkhrj mlds }kjk vkifRr u fd;s
tkus ds vk/kkj ij vfHkizkIr gks xbZ
le>h tkrh gS(
-15 -
¼[k½ ;fn mlus vkifRr dh gS] rks& ¼,d½ml n'kk esa] tcfd og lnL; gS] ;g vuqKk ns nh xbZ gS fd og viuk va'k okil ys ys( ;k ¼nks½ ml n'kk es] tcfd og ysunkj gS] vkifRr izkIr gksus dh rkjh[k ls rhu ekl ds Hkhrj mlds _.k ;k nkos dks jftLVªkj ds lek/kkuizn :Ik esa mUeksfpr dj fn;k x;k gS ;k lekIr dj fn;k gS ;k izfrHkwr dj fn;k x;k gS%
ijUrq jftLVªkj] fdlh O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa ds oxZ dh n'kk esa bl mi/kkjk }kjk visf{kr dh xbZ lwpuk fn;s tkus ls vfHkeqfDr vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tkus okys fo'ks"k dkj.kksa ls iznku dj ldsxk- lkslkbfV;ksa dk
iquxZBu-
16- ¼1½ bl /kkjk esa &
¼d½ ^^izHkkfor lkslkbVh** ls vfHkiszr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh tks mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa fofufnZ"V dh xbZ jhfr;ksa esa ls fdlh Hkh jhfr esa Lo;a dk iquZcBu djus dk fofu'p; djrh gS % vkSj ¼[k½ ^^ifj.kkeh lkslkbVh** ls vfHkiszr dksbZ mslh lkslkbVh &&
¼,d½ tks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu lekesyu ds ifj.kkeLo:i cuh gks ;k
¼nks½ ftldks fd izHkkfor lkslkbfV;ksa dh vkfLr;ksa rFkk muds nkf;Ro mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu iw.kZr% ;k Hkkxr% varfjr fd;s x;s gks% ;k
¼rhu½ tks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼x½ ds v/khu foHkktu ds ifj.kkeLo:i cuh gks% ;k
¼pkj½ tks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼?k½ esa ;Fkk micaf?kr oxZ dh rCnhyh ds ifj.kkeLo:i cuh gksaA ¼2½ dksbZ lkslkbVh &
¼d½ Lo;a dks fdlh vU; lkslkbVh ds lkFk lekesfyr djds %;k
¼[k½ viuh vkfLr;ksa rFkk nkf;Roksa dks fdlh vU; lkslkbVh dks iw.kZr% ;k Hkkxr varfjr djds %;k ¼x½ Lo;a dks nks lk vf/kd lkslkbfV;ks esa foHkkftr
-16 -
djds% ;k ¼?k½ Lo;a dks fdlh ,sl oxZ dh lkslkbVh ds ftldk fd mnns'; lkslkbVh ds ml oxZ ls rRor% fHkUu gks] ftlds fd v/khu mldk oxhZdj.k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fd;k x;k gS] :i esa laifjofrZr djds] Lo;a dks iwuxZfBr djus dk fofu'p; ml iz;kstu ds fy, vk;ksftr fd;s x;s fo'ks"k lk/kkj.k lfEeyu esa mifLFkr rFkk ernku djus okys lnL;ksa ds nks frgkbZ cgqer ls ikfjr fd;s x;s ladYi }kjk dj ldsxhA
ijUrq dksbZ Hkh ,slk fofu'p; rc rd izHkk'khy ugha gksxk] tc rd fd jftLVªkj }kjk mldk vuqeksnu u dj fn;k tk,%
ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd fdlh lgdkjh cSad ds ekeys esa jftLVªkj viuk vuqeksnu fjtoZ cSad dh fyf[kr iwoZ earwjh ls gh nsxk vU;Fkk ughA ¼3½ mi/kkjk¼2½ esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tk, fd yksdfgr esa ;k izHkkfor lkslkbfV;ksa ds lnL;ksa d fgr esa ;g vR;ko';d gS ;k fdlh lkslkbVh ds mfpr izca/k dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ;g vko';d gS] rks og ;g funsZ'k ns ldsxk fd dksbZ lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ks mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa minf'kZr dh xbZ jhfr;ksa esa ls fdlh Hkh ,d ;k vf/kd jhfr;ksa esa Lo;a dks iquxZfBr djs@djs % ijaUrq fdlh lgdkjh cSad ds ekeys esa jftLVªkj dksbZ funsZ'k fjtoZ cSad dh fyf[kr iwoZ eatwjh ls gh tkjh djsxk vU;Fkk ugha%
ijaUrq ;g vkSj Hkh ds bl /kkjk ds v/khu
jftLVªkj }kjk vafre vkns'k fn;k tkus ds iwoZ] lacaf/kr izR;sd lkslkbVh dks iquZxBu dh izLFkkiukvksa ij viuh jk; vfHkO;Dr djus dk volj fn;k tk,xkA
¼4½ ;FkkfLFkfr mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fofu'p; ;k mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu jftLVªkj ds funsZ'k ds vuqlkj fdlh lkslkbVh ds iquZxBu dh izfdz;k ,slh gksxh] tSlh fd fofgr dh tk,A
¼5½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼2½ ;k ¼3½ ds v/khu ds fdlh ,sls iquxZBu ls fdlh O;fDr ds fgrks ij fdlh Hkh jhfr esa izHkko iM+uk laHkkO; gks rks mldh ¼,sls iquZxBu dh½ lwpuk ,sls leLr O;fDr;ksa dks nh tk,xh vksj izR;sd ,sl O;fDr dks ;g fodYi fn;k tk,xk fd og ;k rks
-17 -
ifj.kkeh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa dk lnL; cu tk, vFkok izHkkfor lkslkbVh ds laca/k esa ;FkkfLFkfr vius va'k ;k fgr ;k 'kks/;ksa ds lank; dh ekax djs] vkSj bl fodYi dk iz;ksx ,slh lwpuk ds tkjh gksus dh rkjh[k ls ,d ekl ds Hkhrj fd;k tk,xkA ¼6½ dksbZ Hkh iquxZBu rc rd vafre ugh gksxk] tc rd fd izR;sd ,sls O;fDr dks ftlds fd fgr ij izHkko iM+uk laHkkO; gS] vuqefr vfHkizkIr u dj yh xbZ gks ;k mls fn;s x;s fodYi dk mlds }kjk iz;ksx u fd;s tkus ds vlk/kkj ij vfHkizkIr gks xbZ u le>h tkrh gks vkSj blds vfrfjDr] tc rd fd mu O;fDr;ksa ds ftUgksus mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds v/khu vius va'kksa ;k fgrksa ;k 'kks/;ksaa ds lank; dh ekax djus ds fodYi dk iz;ksx fd;k gks] leLr nkoksa dh iw.kZr% iwfrZ u nh xbZ gksA ¼7½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu izR;sd ifj.kkeh lkslkbVh dk xBu] mldh lEifRr 'kfDr;ka vf/kdkj] fgr izkf/kdkj dRrZO; rFkk ck/;rk, ,slh gksxh tSlk fd iquZxBu dh Ldhe esa fofufnZ"V fd;k tk, vkSj iquxZBu dh izR;sd Ldzhe esa ,sls ikfj.kfed] vkuq"kafxd rFkk vuqiwjd mica/k gksxsa tSls fd jftLVªkj dh jk; esa ,slh ;kstuk dks dk;kZofUr djus ds fy, vko';d gksA
¼8½ laifRr varj.k vf/kfu;e 1882 ¼1882 dk vf/kfu;e la- 4½ ;k Hkkjrh; jftLVªhdj.k vf/kfu;e] 1908 ¼1908 dk vf/kfu;e la- 16½ esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fdlh lkslkbVh dk dksbZ ,slk ladYi] tks jftLVªkj }kjk mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu vuqeksfnr dj fn;k x;k gks ;k dksbZ ,slk vkns'k] tks jftLVªkj }kjk mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu ikfjr fd;k x;k gks izR;sd izHkkfor lkslk;Vh dh vfLr;kss rFkk nkf;Roksa dks lacaf/kr ifj.kkeh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa esa fufgr djus ds fy, Ik;kZIr gLrkraj.k gksxk vkSj ,slk fufgr fd;k tkuk iquZxBu ds Ldhe ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gw, gh gksxkA
¼9½ lkslkbfV;ksa ds iquxZBu dk ifj.kkeh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa ds fdlh vf/kdkj ;k ck/;rk ij fdlh Hkh jhfr esa dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+sxk ;k ,slk iquxZBu ml lkslkbVh ;k mu lkslkbfV;ksa }kjk vFkok mlds ;k muds fo:} fdUgha fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ksa dks =qfViw.kZ ugha cuk;sxk vkSj dksbZ Hkh ,slh fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ka] tks fd iquxZBu ds iwoZ ;FkkfLFkfr ml lkslkbVh ;k mu lkslkbfV;ksa }kjk vFkok mlds ;k muds fo:) pkyw
-18 -
j[kh tk ldrh Fkha ;k izkjEHk dh tk ldrh Fkha] ifj.kkeh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa }kjk vFkok mlds ;k muds fo:) pkyw j[kh tk ldsxh ;k izkjEHk dh tk ldsaxh-
¼10½
tgka dksbZ nks ;k vf/kd lkslkbfV;ka lekesfyr dh xbZ gks ;k dksbZ lkslkbVh foHkkftr ;k laifjofrZr dh xbZ gks] ogka ,slh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa ds jftLVªhdj.k ds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk,xk fd og lekesfyr lkslkbVh ds ;k laifjofrZr lkslkbVh ds ;k mu uohu lkslkbfV;ks ds ftuesa fd og lkslkbVh foHkkftr dh xbZ gS jftLVªhdj.k dh rkjh[k dks jn~n dj fn;k x;k gSA
¼11½ tgka fdlh fodkl cSad dks fdlh dsUnzh; cSad ds lkFk lekesfyr djds iquxZfBr fd;k tkrk gks ogka ml lekesfyr cSad dks ml fodkl cSad ds dkjckj laca/kh mu leLr laO;ogkjksa ds laca/k esa] tks ds ,sls lekesyu ij vkSj mlds Ik'pkr fd;s tkus gS fodkl cSadks ls lacaf/kr rRle; izo`RRk fof/k ds varxZr fodkl cSad le>kk tk,xkA
Li"Vhdj.k-& bl /kkjk ds iz;kstu ds fy,] ßdsUnzh; cSadÞ ls vfHkizsr gS dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh ftlds uke ds Hkkx ds :Ik esa 'kCn ßdsUnzh; cSadÞ ;k ßftyk cSadÞ tqMs+ gq, gksa vkSj ftldk eq[; mn~ns'; mu lkslkbfV;ksa dk] tks fd mldh lnL; gksa] vkSj fdlh fofufnZ"V {ks= ds Hkhrj fLFkr gksa] foRriks"k.k djuk gks- ¼12½ ,sls iquZxBu dh izR;sd Ldhe loZlk/kkj.k dh tkudkjh ds fy, jkti= esa izdkf'kr dh tk,xhA lkslkbfV;ksa }kjk
lg;ksx-
16¼d½ dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh fdlh Hkh lgdkjh] fdlh Hkh ljdkj ds miØe ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr fdlh miØe ds lkFk fdlh fo'ks"k dkjckj ds fy,] ftlesa vkS|ksfxd fofu/kku] foRrh; lgk;rk ;k foi.ku vkSj izca/ku fo'ks"kKrk lfEefyr gS] lg;ksx dj ldsxh- lkslkbfV;ksa dh
Hkkxhnkjh-
16¼[k½ dksbZ Hkh nks ;k vf/kd lkslkbfV;ka ,slh izR;sd lkslkbVh ds lk/kkj.k lfEeyu esa mifLFkr vkSj er nsus okys lnL;ksa ds cgqer ls ikfjr ladYi }kjk] mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu fdlh Hkh vuqKs; fof'k"V dkjckj esa Hkkxhnkjh dh lafonk ,sls fucU/ku rFkk 'krksZa ij tks fd ikjLifjd :Ik ls djkj ik, tk,a dj ldsxh] tgka bl izdkj dh Hkkxhnkjh dksbZ u;k laxBu cukus dh
-19 -
vis{kk djrh gS] ogka Hkkx ysus okyh lkslkbfV;ka mldh lnL; gksaxh-
yksd fgr esa
iquxZBu ;kstuk
cukus dh jkT;
ljdkj dh
'kfDr-
16¼x½ ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ;fn jkT; ljdkj dk] jftLVªkj ls fjiksVZ izkIr gksus ij ;k vU;Fkk ;g lek/kku gks tkrk gS fd yksdfgr esa fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds leqfpr dk;kZUo;u lqfuf'pr djus ds iz;kstu ds fy, fdlh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa dk iquxZBu fd;k tkuk vko';d gS] rks jkT; ljdkj] ,slh iquxZBu Ldhe cuk ldsxh tSlh fd og vko';d le>s vkSj mijksDr Ldhe dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy, vkns'k tkjh dj ldsxh-
ijUrq ;g Hkh fd] fdlh lgdkjh cSad ds ekeys esa] fjtoZ cSaad dh fyf[kr iwoZ eatwjh vko';d gksxh- ¼2½ iquxZBu Ldhe esa fuEufyf[kr ds laca/k esa micU/k gksaxs %&
¼d½ iquxZBu dh jhfr(
¼[k½ iquxZBu dh izfØ;k(
¼x½ lnL;rk] jftLVªs'ku] izca/k] vkfLr;ka vkSj nkf;Ro] 'kfDr;ka] vf/kdkj] fgr] drZO;] deZpkjho`Un ,slh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa dh lsok dh 'krsZa tks iquxZBu ds Ik'pkr~ cuk, x, gksa(
¼?k½ ,sls vU; ikfj.kkfed] vkuq"kkafxd vkSj vuqiwjd mica/k tSlk fd vko';d gks(
¼M-½ vU; ,sls fo"k; tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk vko';d le>s tk,a-
¼3½ jkT; ljdkj mi&/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu tkjh fdUgha vkns'kksa ;k cukbZ xbZ fdlh iquxZBu Ldhe dks mikUrfjr ;k fujLr dj ldsxh-
¼4½ izR;sd iquxZBu Ldhe ds laca/k esa mica/k vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk tkjh vkns'k fgrc) i{kdkjksa ij vkc)dj gksaxs-
¼5½ ,sls iquxZBu dh izR;sd Ldhe loZlk/kkj.k dh tkudkjh ds fy, jkti= esa izdkf'kr dh tk;sxh- nkf;Roksa ds
izfrlank; ds
fy;s le>kSrk ;k
Bgjko rFkk
lkslkbfV;ksa dk
iqufuZekZ.k-
17- ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh tgka & ¼d½ fdlh lkslkbVh rFkk mlds ysunkjksa ;k
muds fdlh oxZ d]s vkSj
¼[k½ fdlh lkslkbVh rFkk mlds lnL;ksa ds chp fdlh le>kSrs ;k Bgjko dh izLFkkiuk dh
tk;s] ogka jftLVªkj ml lkslkbVh ds ;k
ml lkslkbVh ds fdlh lnL; ds ;k
mlds fdlh ysunkj ds ;k fdlh ,slh
-20 -
lkslkbVh dh n'kk esa ftldk dh ifjlekiu fd;k tk jgk gS] lekid ds vkosnu ij] ;FkkfLFkfr lnL;ksa ;k ysunkjksa ;k nksuksa dk lfEeyu ,slh jhfr esa] tSlh fd fofgr dh tk;] cqyk;s tkus] vk;ksftr fd;s tkus rFkk lapkfyr fd;s tkus dk vkns'k ns ldsxk%
ijUrq jftLVªkj] dksbZ le>kSrk ;k Bgjko djkus ds iz;kstu ds fy, Loizsj.kk ls Hkh ,slk lfEeyu cqyk;s tkus dk vkns'k ns ldsxk-
¼2½ ;fn ,slh cgqla[;k] tks lfEeyu esa mifLFkr rFkk O;fDr'k% ernku djus okys lnL;ksa ds rhu&pkSFkkbZ ds ;k ewY;kadu dh dqy jde ds] tks fd lfEeyu esa mifLFkr rFkk ernku djus okys ysunkjksa dks 'kks/; gks] rhu pkSFkkbZ ds] tSlh Hkh fd n'kk gks] cjkcj gS] fdlh le>kSrs ;k Bgjko ds fy, lger gks tkrh gS] rks og le>kSrk ;k Bgjko jftLVªkj }kjk iqf"V dj fn, tkus ij] ;FkkfLFkfr] leLr lnL;ksa ;k leLr ysunkjksa ij rFkk lkslkbVh ij Hkh] ;k fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh dh n'kk esa ftldk ifjlekiu fd;k tk jgk gS] lekid ij vkc)dj gksxk%
ijUrq jftLVªkj fdlh le>kSrs ;k Bgjko dh rc rd iqf"V ugha djsxk] tc rd fd mldk ;g lek/kku u gks tk; fd ;FkkfLFkfr mu leLr lnL;ksa ;k ysunkjksa dks] ftuds fd fgr ,sls le>kSrs ;k Bgjko ls izHkkfor gq, gS] ,sls lfEeyu dh lwpuk izkIr gks pqdh Fkh%
ijUrq ;g vkSj fd fdlh lgdkjh cSad ds
ekeys esa] jftLVªkj le>kSrs ;k Bgjko dh iqf"V fjtoZ cSad dh fyf[kr iwoZ eatwjh ls gh djsxk vU;Fkk ugha- ¼3½ tc fdlh lkslkbVh rFkk mlds ysunkjksa ;k muds fdlh oxZ ds chp fdlh le>kSrs ;k Bgjko ij fopkj djus ds fy, lfEeyu cqykus dk dksbZ vkns'k mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k mlds ijUrqd ds v/khu ikfjr fd;k tk;] rks jftLVªkj ,sls vkns'k dh lwpuk ml flfoy U;k;ky; dks ns ldsxk] ftlesa ml lkslkbVh ds fdlh ,sls nkf;Ro ds] tks fd fdlh ,sls ysunkj dks 'kks/; gks] ftls fd ml vkns'k dh izfrfyfi Hksth xbZ gS] laca/k esa dk;Zokfg;ka] pkgs os mDr vkns'k ds iwoZ lafLFkr dh xbZ gksa ;k mlds i'pkr~] yfEcr gksa] vkSj ,slh lwpuk izkIr gksus ij og flfoy U;k;ky; mu dk;Zokfg;ksa dks jksd nsxk- ;fn fdlh ,sls le>kSrs ;k Bgjko dh iqf"V mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu u dh tk;s rks jftLVªkj flfoy U;k;ky; dks rn~uqlkj bfRryk nsxk vkSj os
-21 -
dk;Zokfg;ka] tks jksd nh xbZ gksa] iqu% pkyw dh tk;saxh- ¼4½ ;fn fdlh lkslkbVh rFkk mlds ysunkjksa ;k muds fdlh oxZ ds chp fdlh le>kSrs ;k Bgjko dh iqf"V mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dj nh tk;s] rks mu dk;Zokfg;ksa dk] ;fn dksbZ gksa] tks mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu jksd nh xbZ gSa] mi'keu gks tk;sxk vkSj ml lkslkbVh ds fdlh Hkh ,sls nkf;Ro] ftlls fd og le>kSrk ;k Bgjko lacaf/kr gSa] ds laca/k esa dksbZ Hkh dk;Zokfg;ka fdlh flfoy U;k;ky; esa ugha gks ldsaxh-
¼5½ jftLVªkj] jkT; ljdkj ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ls] ysunkjksa ds fdlh oxZ dks bl /kkjk ;k mlds fdUgha Hkh micU/kksa ds izorZu ls NwV ns ldsxk-
¼6½ fdlh ,sls le>kSrs ;k Bgjko dks] ftldh dh iqf"V jftLVªkj }kjk dj nh xbZ gks] fdlh flfoy U;k;ky; esa iz'uxr ugha fd;k tk;sxk-
¼7½ ;fn dksbZ ysunkj] ftlds fd laca/k esa fdlh le>kSrs ;k Bgjko dh iqf"V jftLVªkj }kjk mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dj nh xbZ gks] ,sls le>kSrs ;k Bgjko ds v/khu mudks ns; jde] oSlk djus ds fy, lE;d~ lwpuk ns nh tkus ds i'pkr~] ml dkykof/k ds Hkhrj] tks fd ,slh lwpuk esa fofufnZ"V dh xbZ gks] izkIr ugha djrk rks ;FkkfLFkfr og lkslkbVh ;k lekid ml jde dks ,slh jhfr esa fuf{kIr djsxk] tSlh fd jftLVªkj }kjk funsZf'kr dh tk;] ,slk fu{ksi dj fn;k tkus ij] ml jde ds] tks fd ml le>kSrs ;k Bgjko ds v/khu ysunkj dks ns; gks] laca/k esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mldh vnk;xh fu{ksi dh lhek rd dj nh xbZ gS-
¼8½ fdlh lkslkbVh rFkk mlds ysunkjksa ;k muds fdlh oxZ ds chp gqvk dksbZ le>kSrk ;k Bgjko] ftldh fd iqf"V jftLVªkj }kjk mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dj nh xbZ gks] tSls gh ml nkf;Ro dh] tks mlds v/khu vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS] lEiw.kZ jde] pkgs bl /kkjk ds mica/kkas ds v/khu ;k vU;Fkk] pqdk nh tk; ;k pqdk nh xbZ le>h tk;s] izo`Rr ugha jgsxk] Hkys gh ,sls nkf;Ro ds mUekspu ds fy, ewyr% fu;r dh xbZ dkykof/k dk volku u gqvk gks-
¼9½ ,sls le>kSrs ;k Bgjko ds izo`Rr u jg tkus ds i'pkr~] ml nkf;Ro ds] tks fd mDr lk>kSrs ;k Bgjko dk fo"k; jgk Fkk] laca/k esa dksbZ vkSj nkok ,slh lkslkbVh ds fo:) ;k fdlh ,slh taxe ;k LFkkoj laifRr ds] ftls fd og lkslkbVh rRi'pkr~ vftZr
-22 -
djs] fo:) 'ks"k ugha jg tk;sxk vkSj og lkslkbVh viuk lkekU; dkjksckj pykus ds fy, Lora= gksxh- vf/kLFkxu ds
v/khu cSadksa dh
dk;Zokgh rFkk
mudk nkf;Ro-
17&d tgka dsUnzh; ljdkj }kjk cSafdax jsX;wys'ku ,DV] 1949 ¼Ø-10 lu~ 1949½ dh /kkjk 45 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu vf/kLFkxu dk vkns'k lgdkjh cSad ds laca/k esa fd;k x;k gks] ogka jftLVªkj fjtoZ cSad ds fyf[kr iwoZ vuqeksnu ls] vf/kLFkxu dh dkykof/k ds nkSjku & ¼,d½ lgdkjh cSad ds iqu% fuekZ.k ;k iquxZBu ds fy,( ;k
¼nks½ lgdkjh cSad dk fdlh vU; cSad ds lkFk lekesyu fd;s tkus ds fy, Ldhe rS;kj dj
ldsxk-
fMikftV
bU';ksjsal
dkiksZjs'ku dh
izfrlank; djus
dk uohu cSadks
dk nkf;Ro-
17&[k bl vf/kfu;e esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka dksbZ ,slk lgdkjh cSad] tks fMikftV bU';ksjsal dkiksZjs'ku ,DV] 1961 ¼Øeakd 47 lu~ 1961½ ds vFkZ ds vUrxZr chekd`r cSad gks] lekesfyr fd;k tk; ;k ftlds laca/k esa le>kSrs ;k Bgjko dks vFkok iqufuZekZ.k ;k iquxZBu dh Ldhe eatwj dh xbZ gks vkSj fMikftV bU';ksjasl dkiksZjs'ku chekdr̀ cSad ds fu{ksidrkZvksa dks ml ,DV dh /kkjk 16 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu Hkqxrku djus ds fy, nk;h gks x;k gks] ogka og cSad] ftlds lkFk ,sls chekdr̀ cSad dk lekesyu fd;k x;k gks] ;k og uohu lgdkjh cSad] tks ,sls lekesyu ds i'pkr~ cuk;k x;k gks] ;k ;FkkfLFkfr] chekdr̀ cSad ;k vUrfjrh cSad mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fMikftV bU';ksjsal dkiksZjs'ku dh ml lhek rd rFkk ml jhfr esa] tks fd fMikftV bU';ksjsl dkiksZjs'ku ,DV] 1961 ¼Ø- 47 lu~ 1961 ½ dh /kkjk 21 esa fufnZ"V dh xbZ gS] izfr lank; djus dh ck/;rk ds v/khu gksxk- jftLVªhdj.k dk
jn~n fd;k tkuk-
18 ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ lkslkbVh viuh laiw.kZ vkfLr;ka vkSj nkf;Ro fdlh vU; lkslkbVh dks gLrkUrfjr dj nsrh gS ;k fdlh vU; lkslkbVh ds lkFk lekesyu dj ysrh gS ;k Lo;a dks nks ;k vf/kd lkslkbfV;ksa esa foHkkftr dj ysrh gS ;k /kkjk 18&d dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds mica/kksa ds v/khu mldk jftLVªhdj.k lekIr dj fn;k tkrk gS ;k /kkjk 69 ds v/khu lkslkbVh dk ifjlekiu gks tkrk gS rks jftLVªkj ,slh lkslkbVh dk jftLVªhdj.k jn~n djus okyk vkns'k djsxk- lkslkbVh jn~ndj.k ds ,sls vkns'k dh rkjh[k ls fo?kfVr le>h tk,xh vkSj og fuxfer fudk; ds :Ik esa fo|eku ugha jgsxh- ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh ;fn fdlh lkslkbVh ds lekiu ;k fo?kVu ls lacaf/kr
-23 -
dksbZ Hkh dk;Zokfg;ka bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjaHk gksus ds Bhd iwoZ yafcr gksa rks ,slh dk;Zokfg;ka] ,sls izkjaHk ds i'pkr~ ml fof/k ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj fuiVkbZ tk;saxh] ftlds fd v/khu ,slh lkslkbVh jftLVªhd`r dh xbZ Fkh ;k jftLVªhdr̀ dh x;h le>h x;h Fkh- lkslkbfV;ksa ds
jftLVªhdj.k dk
lekIr fd;k
tkuk-
18&d ¼1½ ;fn jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tkrk gS fd dksbZ lkslkbVh mlds vkosndksa }kjk nqO;Zins'ku ds vk/kkj ij jftLVªhÑr dj nh xbZ gS ;k ;gkW lkslkbVh dk dk;Z iw.kZ gks pqdk gSa ;k ftu iz;kstuksa ds fy, lkslkbVh jftLVªhÑr dh xbZ gSa] mudh iwfrZ ugha gks jgh gSa rks og mlds izeq[k laizorZd lfefr vkSj lkslkbVh ds lnL;ksa dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds Ik'pkr~ lkslkbVh dk jftLVªhdj.k lekIr dj ldsxk %
ijarq tgka lkslk;Vh dh lnL; la[;k bruh
vf/kd gS vkSj jftLVªkj ds dk;kZy; ds vfHkys[kksa ls ,sls leLr lnL;ksa dk lgh irk vHkh fuf'pr djuk laHko ugha gS vkSj jftLVªkj dh jk; esa O;fDrxr :i ls ,sls leLr lnL;ksa dks lquokbZ dh lwpuk nsuk O;ogk;Z ugha gS rks ,slh fLFkfr esa jftLVªhdj.k ds lekIr fd;s tkus dh dk;Zokgh dh yksd lwpuk fofgr jhfr esa nh tk;sxh vkSj ,slh lwpuk lkslk;Vh dh lfefr ds lnL;ksa vkSj izeq[k laizoZrd lfgr lkslk;Vh ds lHkh lnL;ksa dh nh xbZ lwpuk le>h tk,xh vkSj lkslkbVh ds jftLVªhdj.k ds lekIr fd;s tkus ds laca/k esa fdlh dk;Zokgh dks dsoy bl vk/kkj ij fd fdlh lnL; dks O;fDrxr :Ik ls lwpuk ugha nh xbZ gSa] iz'uxr ugha fd;k tk,xkA
¼2½ tgkW mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/kksa ds v/khu fdlh lkslkbVh dk jftLVªhdj.k lekIr dj fn;k x;k gSa] ogkW jftLVªkj bl vf/kfu;e esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh 'kkldh; leuqnsf'krh dh fu;qfDr dks lfEefyr djrs gq, ,sls vkuq"kafxd vkSj ikfj.kkfed vkns'k dj ldsxk] tSlk dh ifjfLFk;ksa }kjk visf{kr gSaA ¼3½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ds v/;;hu jgrs gq, 'kkldh; leuqnsf'krh laifÙk;ksa] vkfLr;ksa] iqLrdksa] vfHkys[kksa vkSj vU; nLrkostksa dk izHkkj ysus dh rkjh[k ls] ,d o"kZ dh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj vkfLr;ksa dh olwyh vkSj nkf;Roksa dk ifjlekiu djsxkA iwoksZDr dkykof/k jftLVªkj ds foosdkuqlkj le;≤ ij bl izdkj c<+kbZ tk ldsxh dh ftlls ,slh dkykof/k dqy feykdj rhu o"kZ ls vf/kd u gks tk,A
¼4½ 'kkldh; lenqusf'krh dks ,sls ikfjJfed vkSj HkÙkksa dk lank; fd;k tk,xk tSlk dh fofgr fd;k tk,A
-24 -
¼5½ jftLVªkj dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½ ds v/khu dh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa ds la;qDr jftLVªkj dh Js.kh ls fuEu Js.kh ds vf/kdkjh }kjk ugha fd;k tk,xkA
rhljk v/;k;
lnL;] muds vf/kdkj] nkf;Ro rFkk fo'ks"kkf/kdkj
-25 -
O;fDr tks lnL; gks ldsaxs- 19 ¼1½ fuEufyf[kr ds flok; fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks fdlh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :i esa Lohd`r ugha fd;k tk;sxk] vFkkZr~ %&
¼d½ dksbZ O;fDr] tks Hkkjrh; lafonk vf/kfu;e] 1872 ¼Ø-11 lu~ 1872½ dh /kkjk 11 ds v/khu lafonk djus ds fy;s l{ke gks(
¼[k½ dksbZ vU; lkslkbVh(
¼x½ dksbZ yksd U;kl tks NRrhlx<+ ifCyd VªLV~l ,DV] 1951 ¼Ø- 30 lu~ 1951½ ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ gks(
¼?k½ rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k ds v/khu ;FkkfLFkfr jftLVªhdr̀ LFkkfir ;k xfBr dksbZ ,slh QeZ] dEiuh ;k dksbZ vU; fuxfer fudk;] ftlesa mlds Hkkxhnkjksa ;k funsZ'kdksa ds :Ik esa dksbZ vo;Ld O;fDr u gks(
¼M½ NRrhlx<+ lkslkbVh jftLVªhdj.k vf/kfu;e 1959 ¼Ø-1 lu~ 1960½ ds v/khu jftLVªhd̀r dksbZ lkslkbVh tks fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk] lkekU; ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk] bl laca/k esa vuqeksfnr dj nh tk;s(
¼p½ jkT; ljdkj%
ijUrq [k.M ¼d½ ds mica/k&
¼,d½ O;fDr] tks vuU;r% fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s cukbZ xbZ fdlh lkslkbVh esa izos'k pkgrk gks(
¼nks½ vo;Ld] tks U;k;ky; }kjk fu;qDr fd;s x;s laj{kd ds ekQZr dk;Z dj jgk gks( dks ykxw ugha gksaxs-
¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eksa esa ;k fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa fdlh izfrdwy ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka jkT; ljdkj us fdlh lkslkbVh dh va'kiwath esa vfHknk; fd;k gks] ogka jkT; ljdkj dk nkf;Ro mlds }kjk /kkfjr va'kksa ds vafdr ewY; rd gh lhfer gksxk- ¼2&d½ bl vf/kfu;e esa ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa esa ;k ;FkkfLFkfr] fdlh lalk/ku lkslkbVh ;k miHkksDrk lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ;fn dksbZ ,slk O;fDr] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa rFkk ml lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu lnL; ds :Ik esa Lohdr̀ fd;s tkus ds fy, lE;d :Ik ls vfgZr gks] ,slh lkslkbVh dh lnL;rk ds fy, dksbZ vkosnu djs] rks mlds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk,xk fd mls ,slh lkslkbVh ds dk;kZy; esa og vkosnu izkIr gksus dh rkjh[k ls ,slh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds
-26 -
:Ik esa Lohd`r dj fy;k x;k gS% ijUrq jftLVªkj ;k rks Loizsj.kk ls fdlh Hkh le; ;k lkslkbVh ;k fdlh O;fFkr O;fDr ds ,sls vkosnu ij] tks fd iwoksZDr rkjh[k ls iUnzg fnu ds Hkhrj fd;k x;k gks] rFkk lkslkbVh ;k lacaf/kr O;fDr dks ;qfDr;qDr volj nsus ds i'pkr~] ml rkjh[k ls] ftldks fd jftLVªkj dks vkosnu izkIr gqvk gks] iSarkfyl fnu ds Hkhrj] vkns'k }kjk ml O;fDr ds laca/k esa ;g ?kksf"kr dj ldsxk fd og mlesa ¼vkns'k esa½ of.kZr dkj.kksa ls ,slh lkslkbVh dh lnL;rk dk ik= ugha gS-
¼3½ tgka dksbZ ,slk fo|kFkhZ] tks Hkkjrh; lafonk vf/kfu;e] 1872 ¼Ø- 9 lu~ 1872½ dh /kkjk 11 ds v/khu lafonk djus ds fy, l{ke u gks] fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh dk] tks vuU;r% fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Qk;ns ds fy;s cukbZ xbZ gks] lnL; gksus dh okaNk djs] ogka fdlh lkslkbVh ds jftLVªhdj.k ds fy;s mlds vkosnu ;k lnL;rk ds fy;s mlds vkosnu ds lkFk ml fo|kFkhZ ds laj{kd dk ;k vU; O;fDr dk] tks mDr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 11 ds v/khu lafonk djus ds fy;s l{ke gks] ,d ,slk opuca/k] tks lnL; ds :Ik esa ml fo|kFkhZ ds nkf;Ro ds ckjs esa gks] fofgr izk:Ik esa layXu gksxk- ¼4½ tgka fdlh O;fDr dks fdlh lkslkbVh esa lnL; ds :Ik esa izos'k nsus ls badkj dj fn;k tk;] ogka izos'k nsus ls badkj djus laca/kh fofu'p;] ,sls fofu'p; dh rkjh[k ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj] ml lkslkbVh }kjk ml O;fDr dks lalwfpr fd;k tk;sxk-
¼5½ dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh] Ik;kZIr dkj.k ds fcuk] fdlh Hkh ,sls O;fDr dks] tks fd bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds rFkk lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu lnL;rk izkIr djus ds fy;s lE;d~:is.k vfgZr gks] lnL;rk iznku djus ls badkj ugha djsxh-
¼6½ mi/kkjk ¼4½ ;k mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds v/khu O;fFkr dksbZ Hkh O;fDr badkj dh rkjh[k ls uCcs fnu ds Hkhrj jftLVªkj dks vihy dj ldsxk-
¼7½ vihy esa jftLVªkj dk fofu'p; vafre gksxk rFkk jftLVªkj viuk fofu'p; mldh ¼fofu'p; dh½ rkjh[k ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj i{kdkjksa dks lalwfpr djsxk- lnL; dh
fujgZrk,a-
19&d ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :Ik esa izos'k izkIr djus ds fy;s ik= ugha gksxk vkSj dksbZ Hkh lnL; fdlh lkslkbVh dk lnL; ugha jgsxk ;fn]&
-27 -
¼d½ og vuqUeksfpr fnokfy;k U;k; fu.khZr fd;s tkus ds fy;s vkosnd dks;k vuqUeksfpr fnokfy;k gks(
¼[k½ og fdlh ,sls vijk/k ds fy;s] ftlesa uSfrd v/kerk vUroZfyr gks] n.Mkfn"V fd;k x;k gks vkSj n.Mkns'k ds volku dh rkjh[k ls ikWp o"kZ dh dkykof/k u chr xbZ gks( ¼[k&[k½ og flfoy vf/kdkj laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼1955 dk la- 22½ ds v/khu ds fdlh vijk/k ds fy;s n.Mkfn"V fd;k x;k gks vkSj n.Mkns'k dk volku gksus dh rkjh[k ls Ng o"kZ dh dkykof/k u chr xbZ gks(
¼x½ og ;k mlds dqVqEc dk dksbZ ,slk lnL;] tks fd mlds lkFk lkekU; fgr j[krk gS] ,slk dkjksckj djrk gks tks fd lkslkbVh }kjk fd;s tk jgs dkjksckj ds le:Ik gks% ijUrq [k.M ¼[k½ ds mica/k ,sls O;fDr dks ykxw ugha gksaxs tks fd foeqDr tkfr;ksa ds m)kj ds fy;s vuU; :Ik ls cukbZ xbZ ;k cukbZ tkus okyh fdlh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :Ik esa izos'k pkgrk gks- ¼?k½ ;fn og bl vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 48&d ds v/khu fujfgZr gS(
¼M½ ;fn og ,slk O;fDr gS ftls fdlh lgdkjh laLFkk dh lsok ;k ljdkjh lsok ls gVk fn;k x;k gS(
¼p½ izkFkfed d`f"k lk[k lgdkjh lkslkbVh dh n'kk esa] og d̀f"k Hkwfe /kkfjr djus okyk HkwfeLokeh] ekS:lh d̀"kd ;k ljdkjh
iV~Vsnkj u gks%
ijUrq 26 vizSy] 1990 dks ,slh lkslkbVh dk dksbZ lnL;] tks HkwfeLokeh] ekS:lh Ñ"kd ;k ljdkjh iV~Vsnkj ugha gSa] ,slh rkjh[k ls ,slh lkslkbVh dk ukeek= dk lnL; gksxkA
Li"Vhdj.k &&
bl mi/kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s
¼,d½**foeqDr tkfr;ksa** ls vfHkizsr gS ,slh tutkfr;kW
-28 -
ftUgs jkT; ljdkj le;≤ ij lk/kkj.k ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk bl mi/kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s foeqDr tkfr;ksa ds :Ik esa ?kksf"kr djsaA ¼nks½ fdlh O;kikjh }kjk pyk;s x;s dkjksckj] ftlds vUrxZr lkgwdkjh dk dkjksckj vkrk gSa] ds laca/k esa ;g le>kk tk,xk fd og ml dkjksckj ds le:Ik gSa tks dh fdlh foi.ku lkslkbVh }kjk pyk;k tkrk gksaA
Lfefr dh lnL;rk
ds fy, vkSj
izfrfuf/kRo ds fy,
fujgZrk &&
19&d
d
dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr ds lnL; ds :Ik esa fuokZpu ds fy, ik= ugha gksxk vSkj ml :Ik esa vius in ij ugha jg tk,xk] ;fn og ,slh fujgZrk ls xzLr gSa] tks fofgr dh tk,] dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh fdlh lnL; dks fdlh vU; lkslkbVh dh lfefr esa vius izfrfuf/k ds :Ik esa ;k vU; lkslkbVh es lkslkbVh dk izfrfuf/kRo djus ds fy, fuokZfpr ugha djsxh] ;fn og ,slh fujgZrk ls xzLr gSa] tks fofgr dh tk,%
ijUrq ;fn dksbZ lnL; bl /kkjk ds v/khu fofgr fujgZrkvksa esa ls fdlh fujgZrk ls xzLr gSa rks & ¼,d½ lkslkbVh dh lfefr ds fy, ;g fof/kiw.kZ gksxk fd og ;g ckr mldh tkudkjh esa vkus dh rkjh[k ls nks ekl ds Hkhrj] ,sls lnL; dks] tgkW og ml lkslkbVh dk lnL; gksus ds ukrs lapkyd ds :i esa fuokZfpr gks tkrk gS mls lqus tkus dk ;qfDr;qDr volj nsus ds i'pkr~ og in /kkj.k djus ls] fujfgZr dj ns] ¼nks½ ;fn og lnL; izfrfuf/k ds :Ik esa vius dk;ksZ ds dkj.k mPpLrjh; lkslkbVh esa fujgZrk mixr dj ysrk gSa rks ,slh mPpLrjh; lkslkbVh mls mPpLrjh; lkslkbVh esa in /kkj.k djus ds fy, fujfgZr djus gsrq dk;Zokgh djsxh]
;fn lkslkbVh dk;Zokgh djus esa vlQy jgrh gS rks jftLVªkj ,sls lnL; dks lqus tkus dk ;qfDr;qDr volj nsus ds i'pkr~ mls ,slk in /kkj.k djus ls fyf[kr vkns'k }kjk fujfgZr dj nsxkA
i'pkr~orhZ
fu;ksZX;rkvksa dk
izHkko-
19&[k ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ftls fdlh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :Ik esa izos'k fn;k x;k gks] ckn esa mu fujgZrkvksa esa ls] tks fd /kkjk 19&d esa fofufnZ"V dh xbZ gS] fdlh Hkh fujgZrk ds v/;/khu gks tk;] rks ,slk O;fDr ml lkslkbVh dk lnL; ugha jg tk;xk rFkk jftLVªkj
-29 -
mlds LFkku dks fjDr ?kksf"kr djsxk- lnL;ksa dk
fu"dklu-
19&x ¼1½ lfefr] fu"dklu ds iz;kstu ds fy;s fd;s x;s lfEeyu esa mifLFkr rFkk er nsus okys lnL;ksa ds rhu&pkSFkkbZ cgqer ls ikfjr fd;s x;s ladYi }kjk fdlh lnL; dks fu"dkflr dj ldsxh] ;fn og]& ¼d½ dksbZ ,slk dk;Z] ftlls fd lkslkbVh dh lk[k dks {kfr igqapus dh laHkkouk gks ;k ftlls mldh dq[;kfr gksus dh laHkkouk gks] lk'k; djrk gS( ;k
¼[k½ feF;k dFkuksa }kjk lkslkbVh dks tkucw>dj izoafpr djrk gS( ;k
¼x½ dksbZ ,slk dkjksckj djrk gS tks lkslkbVh }kjk fd;s x;s dkjksckj dh izfr}fUnrk esa vkrk gks ;k ftlds laca/k esa ;g laHkkouk gks fd og lkslkbVh }kjk fd;s x;s dkjksckj dh
izfr}fUnrk esa vkosxk( ;k
¼?k½ vius 'kks/;ksa dk Hkqxrku djus esa ckj&ckj O;frØe djrk gS ;k mifof/k;ksa ds fdUgha Hkh mica/kksa dk vuqikyu djus esa pwd djrk gS% ijUrq dksbZ Hkh ,slk ladYi rc rd fof/kekU; ugha gksxk] tc rd fd lacaf/kr lnL; dks mls fu"dkflr djus laca/kh izLFkkiuk dh lkr fnu dh lwpuk ;k rks O;fDrxr :Ik ls ;k jftLVªhd`r Mkd }kjk u ns nh xbZ gks vkSj tc rd fd mls vius ekeys ds laca/k esa lfefr ds le{k vH;kosnu djus dk volj u ns fn;k x;k gS-
¼1&d½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu lfefr ds ladYi ls O;fFkr dksbZ O;fDr ,sls ladYi dh lalwpuk ds rhl fnu ds Hkhrj jftLVªkj ds le{k vihy dj ldsxk-
¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ;k mifof/k;ksa esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka jftLVªkj dks ;g izrhr gksrk gS fd lkslkbVh ds fgr esa ;g vko';d vkSj okaNuh; gS fd fdlh lnL; dks bl dkj.k fd og mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fofufnZ"V fØ;kdykiksa esa ls fdlh fØ;kdyki esa fyIr gS] lkslkbVh ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k tk,] ogka og ,sls lnL; vkSj lkslkbVh ls ;g vis{kk dj ldsxk fd og] mlds }kjk fofufnZ"V dh tkus okyh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj] bl laca/k esa Li"Vhdj.k ns fd ,sls lnL; dks lkslkbVh ls fu"dkflr D;ksa u dj fn;k tk,- ;fn og
-30 -
lnL; ;k lkslkbVh fofufnZ"V dkykof/k ds Hkhrj viuk Li"Vhdj.k nsus esa vlQy jgrh gS ;k Li"Vhdj.k ij] ;fn izkIr gqvk gks] fopkj djus ds i'pkr~] jftLVªkj ml lnL; dks lkslkbVh ls fu"dkflr djus dk vkns'k ikfjr dj ld sxk- ¼3½ dksbZ O;fDr ftls fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gS] ,sls fu"dklu dh rkjh[k ls ,d o"kZ dh dkykof/k rd fdlh Hkh lgdkjh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :Ik esa iqu% izos'k izkIr djus ds fy;s ik= ugha gksxk- ¼4½ fdlh lkslkbVh ls fdlh lnL; ds fu"dklu esa] ml lnL; }kjk ,slh lkslkbVh esa /kkfjr va'kksa dk leigj.k varoZfyr gks ldsxk-
ukeek= ds
lnL;-
20- /kkjk 19 esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] dksbZ lkslkbVh fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks ukeek= ds lnL; ds :Ik esa izos'k ns ldsaxh] ftldk ;k rks lkslkbVh ds izca/k esa ;k mlds ykHkksa esa dksbZ va'k ugha gksxk vkSj og ml lkslkbVh ds ifjlekiu dh n'kk esa fdlh Hkh ;ksxnk;h nkf;Ro ds v/;/khu ugha gksxk-
tc rd lE;d~
lank; u dj
fn;s tk;s
lnL;rk ds
vf/kdkjksa dk
iz;ksx ugha
fd;k tk,xk-
21- dksbZ Hkh lnL;] lnL; ds vf/kdkjksa dk rc rd iz;ksx ugha djsxk tc rd fd mlus lnL;rk ds laca/k esa lkslkbVh dks ,slk lank; u dj fn;k gks ;k tc rd fd mlus lkslkbVh esa ,slk fgr vftZr u dj fy;k gks tSlk fd fofgr fd;k tk, ;k tSlk fd ,slh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa fofufnZ"V fd;k tk;-
lnL;ksa ds er- 22 ¼1½ lkslkbVh ds izR;sd lnL; dks lkslkbVh ds dk;Zdykiksa esa ,d er nsus dk vf/kdkj gksxk- ¼2½ ¼d½ la?kh; lkslkbVh dk ernku laca/kh vf/kdkj bl izdkj fofu;fer fd;k tk;sxk fd lnL;ksa dks]
tks fd lkslkbfV;ka gks] ,slh lkslkbVh ds
lk/kkj.k lfEeyu esa erksa dh dqy la[;k ds
pkj iapeka'k ls de er izkIr u gksa(
¼[k½ la?kh; lkslkbVh ds ekeys esa] oS;fDrd lnL;ksa ¼ftl vfHkO;fDr ds varxZr yksd U;kl] QeZ]
dEiuh ;k fuxfer fudk;] NRrhlx<+
lkslkbVh jftLVªhdj.k vf/kfu;e] 1973
¼Øekad 44 lu~ 1973½ ds v/khu jftLVªhd`r
dh xbZ lkslkbVh rFkk jkT; ljdkj vkosxh
fdUrq mlds varxZr lgdkjh lkslkbVh ugha
vk;sxh½ ds ernku laca/kh vf/kdkj ,slh jhfr
esa fofu;fer fd;s tk;saxs tSlh fd fofgr dh
tk;-
-31 -
¼3½ izR;sd lac) lgdkjh lkslkbVh dks mfpr :Ik ls izkf/kd`r fd;s x;s izfrfuf/k ds ek/;e ls rFkk mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s izR;sd izR;k;qDr dks lk/kkj.k lfEeyu esa ,d er nsus dk vf/kdkj gksxk-
¼4½ tc rd fd fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa vU;Fkk micfU/kr u gks] lfEeyu ds fy, x.kiwfrZ lkslkbfV;ksa ds izR;k;qDrksa rFkk izfrfuf/k;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds iapeka'k ls gksxh%
ijUrq lfEeyu esa fdlh Hkh le; izR;k;qDrksa dh la[;k lkslkbfV;ksa ds lnL;&izfrfuf/k;ksa dh la[;k ds iapeka'k ls vf/kd ugh gksxh-
¼5½ izR;k;qDrksa ds fuokZpu mu mica/kksa ds vuqlkj fd;s tk;saxs tks fd lfefr ds lnL;ksa ds fuokZpu ds fy;s fofgr fd;s x;s gksa-
¼6½ fdlh izR;k;qDr dh dksbZ Hkh fjfDr] tks lnL;rk dh lekfIr ds dkj.k ;k vU;Fkk gqbZ gks] ml lewg ds] ftlls fd ,slh fjfDr lacaf/kr gS] oS;fDrd lnL;ksa esa ls ,d dks lg;ksftr djds izR;k;qDrksa }kjk Hkjh tk;saxh-
¼7½ tc rd fd fdlh fof'k"V lkslkbVh ds laca/k esa jftLVªkj }kjk vU;Fkk funsf'kr u fd;k tk;s] lfefr esa izR;k;qDrksa dh la[;k fdlh Hkh le; lkslkbfV;ksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa dh la[;k ds ,d&frgkbZ ls vf/kd ugha gksxh ¼viw.kkZadksa ij /;ku ugha fn;k tk;sxk½- ¼8½ erksa ds cjkcj&cjkcj gksus dh n'kk esa lHkkifr dk f}rh; ;k fu.kkZ;d er gksxk-
er dk iz;ksx
djus dh jhfr-
23- ¼1½ fdlh lkslkbVh dk izR;sd lnL; vius er dk iz;ksx Lo;a djsxk vkSj fdlh Hkh lnL; dks ijks{kh }kjk er nsus ds fy, vuqKkr ugha fd;k tk;sxk%
ijUrq bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;s x;s fdUgha fu;eksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, &
¼,d½ ¼d½ dksbZ lkslkbVh] tks fdlh vU; lkslkbVh dh lnL; gS] vius lnL;ksa esa ls ,d
lnL; dh izfrfuf/k ds :Ik esa fu;qfDr
bl gsrq ls dj ldsxh fd og mldh
vksj ls er ns(
¼[k½ lkslkbVh }kjk viuh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj cuk;k x;k O;f"Vd lnL;ksa
dk dksbZ lewg] lewg ds lnL;ksa esa ls
fdlh ,d lnL; dk izR;k;qDr ds :Ik
-32 -
esa fuokZpu bl gsrq ls dj ldsxk fd og mudh vksj ls er ns-
¼nks½ jkT; ljdkj vius vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls ,d dks ml lkslkbVh ds] ftldk fd lnL; ,slh lkslkbVh ;k jkT; ljdkj gks] dk;Zdykiksa esa viuh vksj ls er nsus ;k vU;Fkk Hkkx ysus ds fy, ukefunsZf'kr dj ldsxh(
¼rhu½ dksbZ yksd U;kl] tks fd fdlh lkslkbVh dk lnL; gks] vius U;kfl;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks viuh vksj ls er nsus ds fy;s fyf[kr esa fu;qDr dj ldsxk(
¼pkj½ dksbZ QeZ] tks fdlh lkslkbVh dh lnL; gks] vius O;Ld Hkkxhnkjksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks viuh vksj ls er nsus ds fy;s fyf[kr esa fu;qDr dj ldsxh( vkSj
¼ikap½ dksbZ dEiuh ;k dksbZ vU; fuxfer fudk;] tks fdlh lkslkbVh dk lnL; gks] vius funs'kdksa esa ls ;k vius vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls fdlh dks viuh vksj ls er nsus ds fy;s fyf[kr esa fu;qDr dj ldsxk@ldsxh-
¼2½ tgka dksbZ va'k ,d ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa }kjk la;qDr :Ik ls /kkj.k fd;k tkrk gks vkSj&
¼,d½ ml n'kk esa tc fd ,sls va'k ds ckjs esa lkslkbVh }kjk va'k izek.ki= tkjh fd;k x;k gks] rks ml O;fDr dks] ftldk fd uke ,sls va'k izek.k i= eass igys vk;k gks( vkSj
¼nks½ ml n'kk esa tcfd ,sls va'k ds ckjs esa lkslkbVh }kjk dksbZ va'k izek.ki= tkjh u fd;k x;k gks rks ml O;fDr dks] ftldk uke ,slh lkslkbVh }kjk j[ks x;s lnL;ksa ds jftLVj esa igys vk;k gks
er nsus dk vf/kdkj gksxk-
fdlh lnL;
}kjk va'k iwath
/kkj.k djus ij
fucZU/ku-
24- fdlh Hkh lkslkbVh esa] jkT; ljdkj ;k fdlh vU; lkslkbVh ls fHkUu dksbZ Hkh lnL;&
¼d½ lkslkbVh dh dqy va'k&iwath ds ,d iapeka'k ls vuf/kd] mlds ,sls Hkkx ls vf/kd /kkj.k ugha djsxk tSlk fd fofgr fd;k tk;( ;k
¼[k½ lkslkbVh ds va'kks esa chl gtkj :i;s ls vf/kd dk dksbZ fgr ugha j[ksxk ;k mldk nkok ugha djsxk% ijUrq jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk]
lkslkbfV;ksa ds fdlh oxZ dh ckcr~ ,slk vf/kdre ifjek.k fofufnZ"V dj ldsxh tks ;FkkfLFkfr va'k&iwath ds ,d iapeka'k ls ;k chl gtkj :i;s ls vf/kd gksxk-
-33 -
va'kksa ;k fgr ds vUrj.k ij
fucZU/ku-
25- ¼1½ fdlh lnL; ds fdlh ,sls va'k ;k fgr dk] tks fdlh lk slkbVh dh va'kiwath esa mldk gks] vUrj.k mu fucZU/kuksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, gksxk tks fd vf/kdre va'k /kkj.k ds ckjs esa /kkjk 24 esa fofufnZ"V gS- ¼2½ fdlh lnL; }kjk fdlh lkslkbVh esa ds vius va'k ;k fgr dk dksbZ vUrj.k rc rd fof/kekU; ugha gksxk tc rd fd]&
¼d½ og lnL; ,slk va'k ;k fgr de ls de ,d o"kZ rd /kkj.k u dj pqdk gks(
¼[k½ og vUrj.k ml lkslkbVh dks ;k ml lkslkbVh ds fdlh lnL; dks u fd;k tk;( vkSj
¼x½ og vUrj.k lfefr }kjk vuqeksfnr u dj fn;k tk;-
lnL; dh e`R;q
gks tkus ij
fgr dk
vUrj.k-
26- ¼1½ fdlh lnL; dh e`R;q gks tkus ij dksbZ lkslkbVh e`r lnL; dk va'k ;k fgr ml O;fDr dks vUrfjr dj ldsxh] ftls fd mu fu;eksa ds vuqlkj ukefufnZ"V fd;k x;k gks] tks fd bl laca/k esa cuk;s x;s gSa] ;k] ml n'kk esa tcfd bl izdkj ukefunsZf'kr fd;k x;k dksbZ O;fDr u gks rks ,sls O;fDr dks] ftlds fd ckjs esa lfefr dks ;g izrhr gks fd og O;fDr ml e`r lnL; dk okfjl ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k gS] vUrfjr dj ldsaxh ;k ;FkkfLFkfr ,sls uke funsZf'krh] okfjl ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k dks ,sls lnL; ds fgr ds ewY; ds lerqY; ,slh jkf'k dk] tSlh fd og fu;eksa ;k mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj vfHkfuf'pr dh xbZ gks] lank; dj ldsxh-
¼2½ dksbZ lkslkbVh ,sls leLr vU; /kuksa dk] tks fd ml e`r lnL; dks ml lkslkbVh }kjk 'kks/; gksa] ;FkkfLFkfr ,sls ukefunsZf'krh] okfjl ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k dks lank; dj ldsxh-
¼3½ ,sls leLr varj.k rFkk lank;] tks fd fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk bl /kkjk ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj fd;s x;s gksa] fdlh Hkh ,slh ekax ds laca/k esa fof/kekU; rFkk izHkkoh gksaxs tks fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk ml lkslkbVh ij dh xbZ gks-
va'k ;k fu{ksi
;k fgr dqdhZ
ds nkf;Rok/khu
ugha gksxk-
27- /kkjk 39 ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] fdlh lkslkbVh dh iwath ;k dkedkt&iwath esa] ;k fdlh x`g fuekZ.k lkslkbVh }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s m/kkj LVkd ¼yksu LVkd½ esa] ;k fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk vius lnL;ksa ls cpr fu{ksi ds :Ik esa ;k etnwjh esa ls ml lkslkbVh }kjk dh xbZ vfuok;Z dVkSfr;ka djds ;k
-34 -
lnL;ksa dks fd;s x;s eky ds fodz; ;k iznk; ds ewY; ij vf/kHkkj ds :Ik esa bdV~Bk dh xbZ fuf/k;ksa esa dk fdlh lnL; dk va'k ;k fgr ;k fu{ksi lnL;ksa ;k HkwriwoZ lnL;ksa }kjk mixr fd;s x;s fdlh _.k ;k nkf;Ro ds dkj.k ;k ds laca/k esa fdlh U;k;ky; dh fMØh ;k vkns'k ds v/khu dqdhZ ;k foØ; ds nkf;Rok/khu ugha gksxk vkSj rn~uqlkj izkUrh; fnokyk vf/kfu;e] 1920 ¼Ø- 5 lu~ 1920½ ds v/khu dksbZ izkid ;k rRle; izo`Rr fdlh rRle fof/k ds v/khu dksbZ ,slk O;fDr ;k izkf/kdkjh ,sls va'k ;k fgr ;k fu{ksi dk gdnkj ugha gksxk ;k ,sls va'k ;k fgr ;k fu{ksi ds laca/k esa dksbZ nkok ugh j[ksxk- iqLrdsa vkfn
ns[kus ds
lnL;ksa ds
vf/kdkj-
28- ¼1½ izR;sd lkslkbVh]&
¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e dh izfr(
¼[k½ fu;eksa dh izfr(
¼x½ lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa dh izfr(
¼?k½ lnL;ksa dk jftLVj(
¼M½ vafre laijhf{kr okf"kZd rqyui=] ykHk vkSj gkfu [kkrk( vkSj
¼p½ lk/kkj.k lEesyuksa dh dk;Zokgh-
vius lnL;ksa ds fu%'kqYd fujh{k.k ds fy;s lkslkbVh ds jftLVªhd`r irs ij leLr ;qfDr;qDr le;ksa ij miyC/k j[ksxh-
¼2½ fdlh lkslkbVh ds leLr jftLVj rFkk vfHkys[k] mu iqLrdksa rFkk vU; nLrkostksa dks NksM+dj] tks fdlh lnL; ds Lo;a ds ys[kkvksa ls fHkUu ys[kkvksa ls lacaf/kr gksa] ,slh Qhl dk] tSlh fd mifof/k;ksa esa fofufnZ"V dh tk;] lank; fd;s tkus ij ,slh lkslkbVh ds fdlh Hkh lnL; }kjk fujh{k.k ds fy;s ml lkslkbVh ds dk;kZy; esa miyC/k jgsaxs-
¼3½ ,slh 'krksaZ ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, rFkk ,slh Qhl dk lank; dj fn;k tkus ij tSlh fd mifof/k;ksa esa fofufnZ"V dh tk;] lkslkbVh] vius fdlh lnL; }kjk vkosnu fd;k tkus ij] mls ,sls vfHkys[kksa ;k jftLVjksa dh izekf.kr izfrfyfi ;k muds m)j.k iznku djsxh- HkwriwoZ lnL;
;k e`r lnL;
dh laink dk
nkf;Ro-
29- ¼1½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] lkslkbVh ds mu _.kksa ds fy;s] tks fd-&
¼d½ fdlh HkwriwoZ lnL; ds ekeys esa] ml rkjh[k dks gksa ftldks fd og lnL; u jg x;k gks( vkSj
¼[k½ fdlh er̀ lnL; ds ekeys esa] mldh e`R;q dh rkjh[k dks gks]
-35 -
fdlh lkslkbVh ds fdlh HkwriwoZ lnL; dk vFkok fdlh lkslkbVh ds e`r lnL; dh lEink dk nkf;Ro ,slh rkjh[k ls nks o"kZ dh dkykof/k rd cuk jgsxk-
¼2½ tgka bl vf/kfu;e ds fdUgha mica/kksa ds v/khu fdlh lkslkbVh dk ifjlekiu fd;k tkus dk vkns'k fn;k tk;] ogka fdlh HkwriwoZ lnL; dk] tks fd ifjlekiu ds vkns'k dh rkjh[k ds Bhd iwoZorhZ nks o"kZ ds Hkhrj lnL; u jg x;k gks ;k fdlh e`r lnL; dh] tks fd ifjlekiu ds vkns'k dh rkjh[k ds Bhd iwoZorhZ nks o"kZ ds Hkhrj ej x;k gks] lEink dk nkf;Ro rc rd cuk jgsxk tc rd fd lekiu dh dqy dk;Zokfg;ka iw.kZ u gks tk;( fdUrq ,slk nkf;Ro lkslkbVh ds mu _.kksa rd gh foLrkfjr gksxk tks fd ml rkjh[k dks gksa ftldks fd og ;FkkfLFkfr lnL; u jg x;k gks ;k mldh e`R;q gks xbZ gks-
lnL;ksa dk
fnokyk-
30- izkfofU'k;y bUlkyosUlh ,DV] 1920 ¼Ø- 5 lu~ 1920½ esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fdlh lkslkbVh ds fdlh lnL; ds fo:} fnokyk fo"k;d fdlh dk;Zokgh esa] ml lkslkbVh ds 'kks/;ksa dks leLr vU; 'kks/;ksa ij] flok; mu 'kks/;ksa ds tks fd ljdkj dks ns; gksa] iwfoZdrk izkIr gksxh-
pkSFkk v/;k;
lkslkbfV;ksa ds dRrZO;] fo'ks"kkf/kdkj] mudh lEifRr rFkk fuf/k;ka lkslkbfV;ka
fuxfer fudk;
gksaxh-
31- fdlh lkslkbVh dk jftLVªs'ku mls ml uke ls] ftlds fd v/khu og jftLVªhd`r dh xbZ gS] ,d ,slk fuxfer fudk; cuk nsxk ftldk 'kk'or~ mRrjkf/kdkj gksxk rFkk ftldh ,d lkekU; eqnzk gksxh vkSj ftls laifRr /kkj.k djus] lafonk,a djus] okn rFkk vU;
-36 -
fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ka lafLFkr djus rFkk muesa izfrj{kk djus ,oa ,slh leLr ckrsa] tks fd mu iz;kstuksa ds fy, vko';d gksa ftuds fy;s mldk xBu fd;k x;k Fkk] djus dh 'kfDr gksxh-
lkslkbVh dk
irk rFkk uke
dk laizn'kZu-
32- ¼1½ izR;sd lkslkbVh dk fu;eksa ds vuqlkj jftLVªhd`r fd;k x;k ,d irk gksxk ftl ij fd leLr lwpuk,a rFkk lalwpuk,a Hksth tk ldsaxh vkSj og ml irs esa gksus okyh fdlh Hkh rCnhyh dh fyf[kr lwpuk] ,slh rCnhyh gksus ds rhl fnu ds Hkhrj] jftLVªkj dks Hkstsxh-
¼2½ izR;sd lkslkbVh]&
¼d½ vius izR;sd dk;kZy; ;k LFkku ij] tgka ij og dkjckj djrh gS(
¼[k½ leLr lwpukvksa vkSj vU; vf/kdkfjr izdk'kuksa esa(
¼x½ viuh leLr lafonkvksa ij] dkjksckjh i=ksa] eky ds fy, vkns'kksa esa] chtdksa] ys[kkvksa dh foojf.k;ksa] izkfIr;ksa vkSj lk[k i=dksa esa( vkSj ¼?k½ leLr fofue; i=ksa esa] opu i=ksa] ì"Bkaduksa] psdksa] vkSj /ku ds vkns'k] ftl ij og
gLrk{kj djrh gS] ;k ftu ij mldh vksj ls gLrk{kj fd, tkrs gS]
viuk uke vkSj vius jftLVªhd`r dk;kZy; dk irk] vkSj 'kCn ßNRrhlx<+ lgdkjh lkslkbVh vf/kfu;e] 1960 ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀Þ lqokP; v{kjksa esa lgtn'kZuh; LFkku ij laiznf'kZr djsxh- ¼3½ izR;sd lkslkbVh ds uke esa 'kCn ßlgdkjhÞ vkSj ßlhferÞ ;k mlds lerqY; 'kCn jkT; dh jktHkk"kk esa vUrfoZ"V gksaxs-
lnL;ksa dk
jftLVj-
33- ¼1½ izR;sd lkslkbVh vius lnL;ksa dk ,d jftLVj j[ksxh vkSj mlesa fuEufyf[kr fof'kf"V;ksa dh izfof"V dh tk,xh] vFkkZr~%&
¼d½ izR;sd lnL; dk uke] irk rFkk mldh
mithfodk(
¼[k½ ml n'kk esa] tgka dksbZ lkslkbVh va'kiwath j[krh gS] ds izR;sd lnL; }kjk /kkfjr va'k(
¼x½ og rkjh[k ftlesa izR;sd O;fDr lnL; ds :Ik esa izfof"V fd;k x;k Fkk(
¼?k½ og rkjh[k ftldks dksbZ O;fDr lnL; ugha jg
-37 -
x;k gS( vkSj ¼M-½ ,slh vU; fof'kf"V;ka tks fofgr dh tk,a % ijUrq tgka fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh lnL; dks mldh e`R;q gksus ij vius va'k ;k fgr] fdlh vU; O;fDr dks varfjr djus ds fy;s vuqKkr fd;k x;k gS ogka jftLVj esa lacaf/kr lnL; ds lEeq[k ml O;fDr dk uke tks ml lnL; ds va'k ;k fgr dk gdnkj gksxk vkSj og rkjh[k ftl ij ukekadu vfHkfyf[kr fd;k x;k Fkk] Hkh n'kkZbZ tk,xh-
¼2½ jftLVj ml rkjh[k ds] ftlesa dksbZ O;fDr fdlh lkslkbVh esa lnL; ds :Ik esa izfo"V fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ml rkjh[k ds] ftldks og lnL; ugha jg x;k gS laca/k esa izFke n`"V;k lk{; gksxk- lkslkbVh dh
iqLrdksa esa dh
izfof"V;ksa dk
lcwr-
34- ¼1½ fdlh lkslkbVh dh fdlh ,slh iqLrd] tks fd mlds dkjckj ds vuqØe esa fu;fer :Ik ls j[kh xbZ gks] esa dh fdlh izfof"V dh izfrfyfi] ;fn og ,slh jhfr esa] tSlh fd fofgr dh tk;] izekf.kr gks] fdlh Hkh okn ;k fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ksa esa ;k fdUgha Hkh vU; iz;kstuksa ds fy;s] ,slh izfof"V ds izFken`"V;k lk{; ds :Ik esa yh tk;sxh vkSj mlesa vfHkfyf[kr fd;s x, fo"k;ksa] laO;ogkjksa rFkk ys[kdksa dh ckcr] lk{; mlh jhfr esa rFkk mlh lhek rd xzkg~; gksaxh ftl lhek rd fd ewy izfof"V xzkg~; gksrh gS-
¼2½ fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk vius dkjckj ds vuqØe esa vfHkizkIr dh xbZ rFkk j[kh xbZ fdlh nLrkost dh vFkok ,slh nLrkost esa dh fdUgha izfof"V;ksa dh izfrfyfi;ka] tks fd ,slh lkslkbVh }kjk nh xbZ gksa] ;fn os fofgr jhfr esa izekf.kr gksa] fdlh Hkh okn ;k fof/kd dk;Zokgh esa ;k fdUgha Hkh vU; iz;kstu ds fy;s] lk{; esa mlh jhfr esa rFkk mlh lhek rd xzkg~; gksaxh ftl jhfr esa rFkk ftl lhek rd fd ;FkkfLFkfr ewy nLrkost vFkok mldh izfof"V;ka xzkg~; gksrh gSa- ¼3½ fdlh lkslkbVh ds fdlh vf/kdkjh dks rFkk fdlh ,sls vf/kdkjh dks] ftlds fd dk;kZy; esa lkslkbVh dh iqLrdsa lekiu ds i'pkr~ fuf{kIr dh tkrh gS] fdUgha Hkh ,slh fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ksa esa] ftuesa fd og lkslkbVh ;k lekid i{kdkj u gks] lkslkbVh dh fdUgha Hkh ,slh iqLrdksa ;k nLrkostksa dks] ftudh fd fo"k;&oLrq bl /kkjk ds v/khu lkfcr dh tk ldrh gS] is'k djus ds fy;s ;k muesa vfHkfyf[kr fd;s x;s fo"k;ksa] laO;ogkjksa
-38 -
rFkk ys[kkvksa dks lkfcr djus ds fy;s lk{kh ds :Ik esa milatkr gksus ds fy;s U;k;ky; ds] ;k e/;LFk ds vkns'k] tks fd fo'ks"k dkj.k ls fd;k x;k gks] ds v/khu gh foo'k fd;k tk,xk vU;Fkk ugha-
lkslkbVh
lnL;ksa dks
ikl&cqd nsxh-
34&d ¼1½ dksbZ lkslkbVh tks vius lnL;ksa dks m/kkj nsrh gS ;k dksbZ lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa dk dksbZ oxZ ftls jkT; ljdkj le;≤ ij jkti= esa vf/klwfpr djs]
vius izR;sd lnL; dks ,d ikl&cqd nsxh ftlesa lnL; ds lkFk gq, laO;ogkjksa dk ys[kk tSls fd laO;ogkj dh rkjh[k] fn, x, m/kkj dh jde] C;kt dh nj] lnL; }kjk fd;k x;k izfrlank;] 'kks/; ewy rFkk C;kt dh jde vkSj ,slh vU; fof'kf"V;ka tSlh dh fofgr dh tk,a varfoZ"V gksxk- iklcqd esa le; ≤ ij vko';d izfof"V;ka dh tk,axh] ftu ij lkslkbVh ds ,sls in/kkjh }kjk gLrk{kj fd, tk,axs ftls lfefr bl fufeRr izkf/kdr̀ djs- bl iz;kstu ds fy,] lnL; bl ckr ds fy, ck/; gksxk fd ,sls
in/kkjh dks iklcqd izLrqr djs vkSj ;fn iklcqd vko';d izfof"V;ka djus ds fy, dqN le; rd j[kh tkus ds fy, visf{kr gS] rks lnL; dks ,sls in/kkjh }kjk mldh ,d jlhn iznku dh tk,xh-
¼2½ iklcqd esa lE;d:is.k dh xbZ izfof"V;ka] tc rd fd izfrdwy lkfcr ugha dj fn;k tkrk gS] lnL; vkSj lkslkbVh ds chp laO;ogkjksa ds ys[kkvksa dk izFke n`"V;k lk{; gksaxh-
fy[krksa ds
vfuok;Z
jftLVªhdj.k ls
NwV-
35 Hkkjrh; jftLVªhdj.k vf/kfu;e] 1908 ¼Ø- 16 lu~ 1908½ dh /kkjk 17 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ rFkk ¼x½ esa dh dksbZ Hkh ckr]&
¼d½ fdlh lkslkbVh ds va'kksa ls lacaf/kr fdlh fy[kr dks ykxw ugha gksxh Hkys gh ml lkslkbVh dh vkfLr;ka iw.kZr% ;k Hkkxr% LFkkoj laifRr ls feydj cuh gks( ;k
¼[k½ ,slh lkslkbVh }kjk tkjh fd, x, ,sls fMcsUpjksa ij ykxw ugha gksxh tks LFkkoj laifRr ij ;k ,slh laifRr esa dksbZ vf/kdkj] gd ;k fgr l`ftr] ?kksf"kr] leuqnsf'kr] ifjlhfer ;k fuokZfpr ugha djrs gSa] ml lhek rd ds flok;] tgka rd fd os /kkjd dks ml izfrHkwfr ds fy, gdnkj cukrs gSa tks fd fdlh ,slh jftLVªhdr̀ fy[kr }kjk dh xbZ gS ftlds }kjk
-39 -
ml lkslkbVh us viuh laiw.kZ LFkkoj laifRr ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx ;k mlesa dk dksbZ fgr ,sls fMcsUpjksa ds /kkjdksa ds Qk;ns ds fy;s U;kfl;ksa dks U;kl ij cU/kd dj fn;k gS] gLrkUrfjr dj fn;k gS ;k vU;Fkk vUrfjr dj fn;k gS( ;k ¼x½ fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s fdlh fMcsUpj ij ds fdlh i`"Bkadu dks ;k mlds vUrj.k dks ykxw ugha gksxh( ;k
¼?k½ fdlh ,slh ?kks"k.kk dks] tks Hkwfe ij /kkjk 41 ds v/khu dksbZ Hkkj l`ftr djus ds gsrq fdlh lnL; }kjk fdlh lkslkbVh ds i{k esa dh xbZ gks] rFkk mlds ,sls leuqns'ku dks] tks fd mDr lkslkbVh }kjk ml foRrnk;h cSad ;k la?kh; lkslkbVh ds] ftlls fd og lac) gks] i{k esa fd;k x;k gks] rFkk ,sls vkSj leuqns'ku dks] tks ,sls foRrnk;h cSad ;k ,slh la?kh; lkslkbVh }kjk NRrhlx<+ jkT; lgdkjh cSad e;kZfnr ;k fdlh vU; la?kh; lkslkbVh }kjk NRrhlx<
jkT; lgdkjh cSad e;kZfnr ;k fdlh vU;
la?kh; lkslkbVh ds i{k esa fd;k x;k gks] ykxw ugha gksxh-
Li"Vhdj.k %& bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, foRrnk;h cSad ds varxZr fjtoZ cSad vkWQ bf.M;k] cSafdax dEiuht ¼,Dohth'ku ,.M VªkalQj vkWQ v.MjVsfdaXl½ ,DV] 1970 ¼~Ø- 5 lu~ 1970½ dh izFke vuqlwph esa fofufnZ"V rRLFkkuh u;k cSad rFkk ,slk vU; cSad ftls jkT; ljdkj] le;≤ ij] vf/klwpuk }kjk] bl laca/k esa fofufnZ"V djsa] vkrs gSa-
m/kkj ysuk- 36 dksbZ lkslkbVh jkT; ljdkj] jkT; esa dk;Z dj jgs fdlh fof/k ds v/khu cSad] foRrh; fudk;kas] fuxfer fudk;ksa vkSj O;fDr;ksa ls] lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu fu{ksi vkSj m/kkj izkIr dj ldsxh- og ukeek= dh lnL;rk iznku djds fof'k"V djkj ;k vuqeksfnr ifj;kstuk ds v/khu va'kiwath ds :Ik esa fuf/k Hkh izkIr dj ldsxh-
-40 -
m/kkjksa ds fn;s tkus ij
fucZU/ku-
37 ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh]& ¼d½ fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks] tks lnL; u gks( ¼[k½ fdlh lnL; dks mlds Lo;a ds va'kksa dh izfrHkwfr ij(
¼x½ fdlh lnL; dks fdlh lnL;srj O;fDr dh izfrHkwfr ij m/kkj ugh nsxh%
ijUrq lkslkbVh] viuh mifof/k;ksa esa micaf/kr fd, x, vuqlkj fdlh vU; lkslkbVh vkSj@;k ukeek= ds lnL; dks m/kkj ns ldsxh-
¼1&d½ vius ,sls lnL;ksa dks] ftUgsa fd NRrhlx<+ ys.M jsosU;w dksM] 1959 ¼dz- 20 lu~ 1959½ dh /kkjk 114&, ds v/khu fofgr dh xbZ ßHkw vf/kdkj ,oa _.k&iqfLrdkÞ nh xbZ gks] m/kkj nsus okyh lkslkbVh m/kkjksa] vfxzeksa rFkk mudh olwyh ds leLr laO;ogkj iwoksZDr
Hkw&vf/kdkj ,oa _.k&iqfLrdk esa ntZ djsxh- ¼1&[k½ bl vf/kfu;e esa] mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa esa rFkk lkslkbfV;ksa dh mifof/k;ksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ml n'kk esa tc fd lkslkbVh ds lnL;ksa dks fn;s x;s fdlh m/kkj ;k vfxze dh izfof"V dh tkus ls NwV xbZ gks] ;g mi/kkj.kk dh tk;sxh fd dksbZ Hkh ,slk m/kkj ;k vfxze ugh fn;k x;k gS ijUrq ;g mi/kkj.kk rc ugh dh tk;xh tcfd lkslkbVh }kjk vU;Fkk lkfcr dj fn;k tk;(
¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] dksbZ lkslkbVh fdlh fu{ksidrkZ dks mlds fu{ksi dh izfrHkwfr ij m/kkj ns ldsxh-
¼3½ jftLVªkj] lk/kkj.k ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk] fdlh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa ds oxZ }kjk taxe laifRr dh izfrHkwfr ij ;k LFkkoj laifRr ds ca/kd ij /ku ds m/kkj fn;s tkus dks izfrfc) ;k fucZfU/kr dj ldsxk- ¼4½ ;fn fdlh lkslkbVh dk dksbZ ,slk vf/kdkjh ;k deZpkjh] ftls fd m/kkjksa] vfxzeksa rFkk mudh olwyh dh izfof"V mi/kkjk ¼1&d½ esa fufnZ"V dh xbZ ßHkw&vf/kdkj ,oa _.k&iqfLrdkÞ esa djus dk dk;Z lkSaik x;k gks] mDr iqfLrdk esa ,slh izfof"V djus ls pwd tk; rks jftLVªkj] vkns'k }kjk] ml ij ikap lkS :i;s ls vuf/kd fdlh jde dh 'kkfLr vf/kjksfir dj ldsxk- 'kkfLr vf/kjksfir djus okyk vkns'k /kkjk 85 ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj izofrZr fd;k tk;sxk-
-41 -
lkslkbVh ewy ls vf/kd C;kt
olwy ;k izkIr ugha djsxh
37&d
RkRle; izòÙk fdlh djkj ;k fdlh fof/k esa varfoZf"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh fdlh ,sls m/kkj ds laca/k esa] tks mlds }kjk fdlh lnL; tks vuqlwfpr tkfr ;k vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds ;k 5 ,dM+ flafpr ;k 10 ,dM+ vflafpr Hkwfe dk LokfeRo j[kus okys fdlh vU; lnL; dks pkgs NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh lkslkbVh ¼f}rh; la'kks/ku½] vf/kfu;e 1979 ds izkjaHk gksus ds iwoZ ;k mlds i'pkr~ fn;k x;k gks vkSj tks mlds fn, tkus dh rkjh[k ls nl o"kZ ls vuf/kd dkykof/k ds Hkhrj izfrlans; gks] ml nkSjku] tc fd ,slk m/kkj pkyw jgs] dksbZ Hkh ,slh jkf'k tks ewy ls vf/kd gks] ml ij ¼ewy ij½ C;kt ds ys[ks izHkkfjr ugha djsxh] olwy ugha djsxh ;k izkIr ugha djsxh vkSj ewy ls vf/kd izHkkfjr dh xbZ] olwy dh xbZ ;k izkIr dh xbZ dksbZ Hkh jkf'k] ;fn m/kkj 'ks"k jg x;k gks rks og ewy ds izfrlank; ds ys[ks mldk iwjh rjg ls izfrlank; gksus rd lek;ksftr dh tk,xh vkSj fdlh vU; n'kk esa og jkf'k _.kh lnL; dks ml rkjh[k ls lkB fnu ds Hkhrj okil dj nh tk,xh] ftldks fd C;kt ds ys[ks fd;k x;k lank; iwoksZä lhek ls vf/kd gks tk, %
ijUrq bl /kkjk dh dksbZ Hkh ckr fdlh fodkl cSad ;k fdlh uxjh; lgdkjh cSad }kjk fn, x, m/kkjksa dks ykxw ugha gksxhA
lnL;srj
O;fDr;ksa ds
lkFk vU;
laO;ogkjksa ij
fucZU/ku-
38 /kkjk 36 rFkk 37 esa ;Fkk micaf/kr ds flok;] fdlh lkslkbVh ds os laO;ogkj] tks lnL;ksa ls fHkUu O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk fd;s tk;sa] ,sls fucZU/kuksa ds] ;fn dksbZ gksa] v/;/khu jgrs gq, gksaxs tSls fd fofgr fd;s tk;sa- lnL;ksa ds va'k
;k fgr dh
ckcr Hkkj ,oa
xqtjkbZ-
39 fdlh lkslkbVh dk fdlh lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k e`r lnL; ds iwath esa ds va'k ;k fgr ij rFkk mlds fu{ksiksa ij rFkk fdlh lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k e`r lnL; dks ns; fdlh ykHkka'k] cksul ;k ykHkksa ij] fdlh ,sls _.k ;k cdk;k ekax] tks fd ,sls lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k èr lnL; dh vksj ls ml lkslkbVh dks ns; gks] ds laca/k esa Hkkj gksxk vkSj og fdlh Hkh ,slh jkf'k dks] tks fd fdlh lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k e`r lnL; ds ukes tek dh xbZ gks ;k mldks ns; gks] fdlh ,sls _.k ;k cdk;k ekax ds Hkqxrku esa vFkok mlds ys[ks eqtjk dj ldsxh%
-42 -
ijUrq fdlh foRrnk;h cSad dk fdlh ,slh jkf'k] tks fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk ,sls cSad esa vkjf{kr fuf/k ds :i esa fofufgr dh xbZ gks] ij ml n'kk esa dksbZ Hkkj ugha gksxk tcfd ,slk cSad ml lkslkbVh dk ,dek= ysunkj u gks vFkok fdlh ,slh jkf'k] tks fd ,sls cSad esa fdlh Hkfo"; fuf/k ls fofufgr dh xbZ gksa] ij mldk dksbZ Hkkj ugh gksxk vkSj u ,slk cSad fdlh ,slh jkf'k dks] tks fd ml lkslkbVh ds ukes tek dh xbZ gks ;k mls ns; gks] fdlh ,sls _.k ;k cdk;k ekax ds tks fd ,slh lkslkbVh dh vksj ls ,sls cSad dks ns; gks] Hkqxrku esa ;k mlds ys[ks eqtjk djus dk gdnkj gh gksxk-
dfri;
vkfLr;ksa ij
lkslkbVh dk
iwfoZd nkok-
40 ¼1½ rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdUrq Hkw&jktLo ds ckcr~ ;k Hkw&jktLo ds cdk;k dh Hkkafr olwyh ;ksX; fdlh /ku ds ckcr jkT; ljdkj ds fdlh iwfoZd nkos ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, rFkk fodkl cSad ds fdlh nkos ds] tks fd NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad vf/kfu;e] 1999 ¼Ø- 20 lu~ 2000½ ds v/khu fdlh Hkh le; eatwj fd;s x;s m/kkj esa ls mn~Hkwr gks] v/;/khu jgrs gq,] fdlh Hkh lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k e`r lnL; }kjk lkslkbVh dks ns; dksbZ Hkh _.k ;k 'ks"k fudyus okyh ekax ,slh Qlyksa ;k vU; taxe laifRr ij] tks fd ,sls lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL; dh gks] ;k tks e`r lnL; dh lEink dk Hkkx gks] tSlh Hkh n'kk gks] izFke Hkkj gksxh%
ijUrq tgka jkT; ljdkj dk dksbZ iwfoZd nkok ys.M bEizwoesaV yksUl ,DV] 1883 ¼Ø- 19 lu~ 1883½ ;k ,xzhdYpfjLV~l~ yksUl ,DV] 1894 ¼Ø-12 lu~ 1894½ ds v/khu eatwj fd;s x;s m/kkj esa ls mn~Hkwr gksrk gS vkSj ,slk m/kkj fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk m/kkj ds eatwj fd;s tkus ds i'pkr~ eatwj fd;k x;k gks] ogka lkslkbVh }kjk eatwj fd;s x;s m/kkj dks] mDr vf/kfu;fefr;ksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ljdkj ds ,sls nkos ij iwfoZdrk izkIr gksxh- ¼2½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh Hkh ,slh laifRr dks] tks fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu Hkkj ds v/;/khu gks] ml lkslkbVh dh] tks fd Hkkj /kkj.k djrh gks] fyf[kr iwoZ vuqKk ls gh vUrfjr djsxk vU;Fkk ugha %
-43 -
ijUrq fdlh lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ lnL; ds fy;s ;g lnSo fof/kiw.kZ gksxk fd og NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad vf/kfu;e] 1999 ¼Ø- 20 lu~ 2000½ ds v/khu fdlh fodkl cSad ds i{k esa] mlds 'kks/;ksa ds fy;s Hkkj l`ftr djsa- ¼3½ rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh laifRr dk dksbZ Hkh ,slk vUrj.k] tks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds micU/kksa ds mYya?ku esa fd;k x;k gks] lkslkbVh dks ns; fdlh ,sls _.k ;k cdk;k ekax tks fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ,slh laifRr ij izFke Hkkj gks] dh ckcr lkslkbVh ds fdlh Hkh nkos ds fo:} 'kwU; gksxk-
dfri;
vkfLr;ksa ij
lgdkjh
lkslkbVh dk
izFke Hkkj-
41 ¼1½ rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdUrq Hkw&jktLo dh ckcr ;k Hkw&jktLo dh cdk;k dh Hkkafr olwyh ;ksX; fdlh /ku dh ckcr jkT; ljdkj ds fdlh iwfoZd nkos ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, ;k fdlh fodkl cSad ds fdlh nkos ds] tks fd NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad vf/kfu;e] 1999 ¼Ø- 20 lu~ 2000½ ds v/khu ;k NRrhlx<+ d`f"k m/kkj izorZu rFkk izdh.kZ micU/k ¼cSad½ vf/kfu;e] 1972 ¼Ø- 32 lu~ 1973½ ds v/khu fdlh cSad }kjk fdlh Hkh le; eatwj fd;s x;s fdlh m/kkj esa ls mn~Hkwr gksrk gks] v/;/khu jgrs gq,] dksbZ Hkh _.k ;k cdk;k ekax] tks fdlh lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k e`r lnL; }kjk lkslkbVh dks ns; gks]&
¼d½ ml Hkwfe ij] tks ;FkkfLFkfr ,sls lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ lnL; ds LokfeRo dh gks ;k e`r
lnL; dh laink dh Hkkx :Ik gks( vkSj
¼[k½ vfHk/kkjh ds :Ik esa fdlh Hkwfe esa ds mlds fgr ij] ;fn ,slk lnL; ,sls fgr dk LokfeRo
j[krk gS(
ftlds fd fo:) ,slk _.k eatwj fd;k x;k
Fkk ,slh cdk;k ekax fo|eku gS] ml _.k ;k cdk;k ekax] tks fd mlds }kjk ns; gks] ds fy;s rFkk oSls _.k ;k cdk;k ekax dh lhek rd lkslkbVh ds i{k esa izFke Hkkj gksxh%
ijUrq tgka jkT; ljdkj dks dksbZ iwfoZd nkok Hkwfe fodkl m/kkj vf/kfu;e] 1883 ¼Ø-19 lu~ 1883½ ds v/khu eatwj fd;s x;s m/kkj esa ls mn~Hkwr gksrk gS
-44 -
vkSj ,slk m/kkj fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk fdlh m/kkj ds eatwj fd;s tkus ds i'pkr~ eatwj fd;k x;k gks] ogka lkslkbVh }kjk eatwj fd;s x;s m/kkj dks vf/kfu;fefr esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ljdkj ds ,sls nkos ij iwfoZdrk izkIr gksxh-
¼2½ dksbZ Hkh lnL; ,slh laiw.kZ Hkwfe ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks ;k mlesa ds fgr dks] tks fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu Hkkj ds v/;/khu gks] rc rd vU; laØe.k ugha djsxk tc rd fd ml lnL; }kjk m/kkj yh xbZ] lEiw.kZZ jde C;kt lfgr iwjh u pqdk nh tk;%
ijUrq fdlh lnL; ;k fdlh HkwriwoZ lnL; ds fy;s ;g fof/k iw.kZ gksxk fd og ,slh Hkwfe ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks]&
¼,d½ fdlh fodkl cSad( ;k
¼nks½ NRrhlx<+ d`f"k m/kkj izorZu rFkk izdh.kZ micU/k ¼cSad½ vf/kfu;e] 1972 ¼Ø- 32 lu~ 1973 ½ ds v/khu fdlh cSad( ;k
¼rhu½ jkT; ljdkj]
ds i{k esa ,slh Hkwfe ;k mlds Hkkx dks fdlh ugj ls ty iznk; ds fy;s NRrhlx<+ bfjxs'ku ,DV]1931 ¼Ø- 3 lu~ 1931½ ds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;ekas ds v/khu cU/kfdr djsa-
¼3½ ,slk vU; laØke.k] tks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds micU/kksa ds mYya?ku esa fd;k x;k gks] lkslkbVh ds fdlh Hkh ,sls nkos ds] tks bl /kkjk ds v/khu mlls ¼lkslkbVh ls½ fy;s x;s m/kkj ds laca/k esa gks] fo:) 'kwU; gksxk- ¼4½ fdlh lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k èr lnL; ls lkslkbVh dks ns; _.k ;k cdk;k ekax ds C;ksjksa ds ckjs essa fyf[kr lalwpuk fofgr jhfr esa rglhynkj dks nh tk;sxh vkSj rglhynkj ,slh lalwpuk ds izkIr gksus ij mls vf/kdkj vfHkys[k esa ntZ djok;sxk- LFkkoj laifRr
dk vtZu rFkk
O;;u djus dk
lkslkbVh dk
vf/kdkj-
41&d ¼1½ rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdlh lkslkbVh dks ;g 'kfDr gksxh fd og Lo;a ml d`f"k dk ;k mlesa ds fgr dk ;k fdlh Hkh LFkkoj laifRr dk] tks fd fdlh lnL; us fdlh ,slh foRrh; lgk;rk ds laca/k esa] ftldk fd mlds }kjk miHkksx fd;k x;k gks] lkslkbVh ds i{k esa Hkkfjr ;k cU/kfdr dj nh@fn;k gks] vtZu djsa] ijUrq ;g rc tc fd og mDr Hkwfe dk ;k mlesa ds fgr dk ;k fdlh vU; LFkkoj laifRr dk foØ; yksd uhyke }kjk fd;k tkuk pkgk x;k gks] vkSj fdlh Hkh O;fDr us mldk Ø; ml dher ij djus dh izLFkkiuk u dh gks] tks fd lkslkbVh dks ml /ku dk] tks fd mls 'kks/; gks] Hkqxrku djus ds fy;s i;kZIr gks%
-45 -
ijUrq Hkwfe ;k laifRr ds dsoy ,sls Hkkx dk fodz; fd;k tk;sxk tks fd _.k vkSj ml ij dk C;kt pqdkus ds fy;s ;qfDr;qDr :Ik ls i;kZIr gks- ¼2½ dksbZ lkslkbVh] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu mlesa fufgr dh xbZ 'kfDr dk iz;ksx djrs gq,] Hkwfe ;k mleas ds fgr dk ;k fdlh Hkh vU; LFkkoj laifRr dk vtZu djsa] mldk O;;u foØ; }kjk ,slh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj dj ldsxh tks fd jftLVªkj }kjk bl laca/k esa fofufnZ"V dh tk;sxh-
¼3½ ;fn lkslkbVh dks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu mlds }kjk vftZr dh xbZ dksbZ Hkwfe] mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa minf'kZr fd;s x;s vuqlkj mldk foØ; gksus rd ds fy;s iV~Vs ij nsuh gS] rks iV~Vs dh dkykof/k ,d le; esa ,d o"kZ ls vf/kd ugha gksxh vkSj iV~Vsnkj rRle; izo`Rr fdlh vU; fof/k esa fdUgha izfrdwy micU/kksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ml Hkwfe ;k laifRr esa dksbZ fgr vftZr ugha djsxk- ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds 'kCnksa esa] Hkwfe dk ;k mlesa ds fgr dk fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk dksbZ foØ; rRle; izo`Rr fdlh Hkh vU; fof/k ds mu micU/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, gksxk tks fd vd`"kdksa }kjk fd;s tkus okys Hkwfe ds Ø; ij ;k mPpre lhek ls vf/kd Hkwfe ds Ø; ij ;k Hkwfe ds ,sls Ø; ij] ftlls fd Hkwfe ds [kaM fdlh fofufnZ"V lhek ls de ds curs gksa] fucZU/ku yxkrs gksa- ¼5½
bl /kkjk esa dh fdlh Hkh ckr dk ;g vFkZ ugha yxk;k tk;xk fd og lkslkbVh dks bl ckr ds fy;s l'kDr djrh gS fd og fdlh ,slh vkfnoklh tutkfr ds] ftls fd jkT; ljdkj us NRrhlx<+ yS.M jsosU;w dksM] 1959 ¼Ø- 20 lu~ 1959½ dh /kkjk 165 dh mi/kkjk ¼6½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk }kjk vkfnoklh tutkfr gksuk ?kksf"kr fd;k gks] fdlh O;fDr dh fdlh Hkwfe dk ;k mlesa ds mlds fgr dk foØ; fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks djs tks fd ,slh tutkfr dk u gks-
¼6½ NRrhlx<+ lhfyax vku ,xzhdYpjy gksfYMaXt ,DV] 1960 ¼Ø- 20 lu~ 1960½ esa dh dksbZ Hkh ckr fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh dks ykxw ugha gksxh tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu Hkwfe dk vtZu djrh gks vkSj ,slh Hkwfe dks ml le; rd /kkj.k fd;s jgrh gks tc rd fd og lkslkbVh ml Hkwfe dks bl /kkjk esa micaf/kr dh xbZ jhfr esa ;k vU;Fkk ,slh dher ij tks fd mlds 'kks/;ksa ds pqdkjs ds fy;s i;kZIr gks] cspus dh fLFkfr esa u gkas-
-46 -
dfri; n'kkvksa esa lkslkbVh ds nkos dh iwfrZ djus ds fy;s osru esa ls dVkSrh-
42 ¼1½ rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fdlh lkslkbVh dk dksbZ Hkh lnL; ,slh lkslkbVh ds i{k esa ,d ,slk djkj fu"ikfnr dj ldsxk ftlesa ;g mica/k gksxk fd mldk fu;kstd bl ckr ds fy;s l{ke gksxk fd og ml osru ;k etnwjh esa ls tks fd ,sls fu;kstd }kjk mls ns; gks] mruh jde dh dVkSrh dj ys tks fd ml djkj esa fofufnZ"V dh tk;] vkSj bl izdkj dkVh xbZ jde dk ml lkslkbVh dks Hkqxrku fdlh ,sls _.k ;k ekax dh rqf"V ds :Ik esa dj ns tks fd ml lnL; dh vksj ls ml lkslkbVh dks ns; gks-
¼2½ ,sls djkj dk fu"iknu dj fn;k tkus ij] ;g vko';d ugha gksxk fd og _.k ;k nkok fdlh izkf/kdkjh }kjk U;k;fuf.kZr djk;k tk;] rFkk fu;kstd] ;fn lkslkbVh }kjk fyf[kr v/;is{kk }kjk ,slh vis{kk dh xbZ gks vkSj tc rd fd lkslkbVh ;g izKkfir u djs fd ,sls laiw.kZ _.k ;k ekax dk Hkqxrku dj fn;k x;k gS] ml djkj ds vuqlkj dVkSrh djsxk vkSj bl izdkj dkVh xbZ jde lkslkbVh dks lanRr djsxk ekuksa fd og jde etnwjh lank; vf/kfu;e] 1936 ¼Ø- 4 lu~ 1936½ ds v/khu visf{kr fd;s x;s vuqlkj ml fnu ns; osru ;k etnwjh dk Hkkx gks-
¼3½ ;fn] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dh xbZ v/;is{kk ds izkIr gks tkus ds i'pkr~ fu;kstd] fdlh Hkh le; v/;is{kk esa fofufnZ"V jde dh] dVkSrh lacaf/kr lnL;ksa dks ns; osru ;k etnwjh esa ls ugha djrk gS] ;k dkVh xbZ jde ml lkslkbVh dks foizsf"kr djus esa O;frØe djrk gS rks og lkslkbVh ,slh jde fu;kstd ls Hkw&jktLo ds cdk;k ds rkSj ij olwy djus dh gdnkj gksxh vkSj ml jde dks] tks fd fu;kstd ls bl izdkj 'kks/; gS] fu;kstd ds nkf;Ro ds laca/k esa ogh iwfoZdrk izkIr gksxh tks fd cdk;k etnwjh dks izkIr gksrh gS-
¼4½ bl /kkjk ds mica/k mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s izdkj ds mu leLr djkjksa dks Hkh ykxw gksaxs tks fd bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjaHk gksus dh rkjh[k ls izo`Rr Fks- ¼5½ bl /kkjk esa vUrfoZ"V dksbZ Hkh ckr jsYos] [kkuksa rFkk rsy {ks=ksa esa fu;ksftr O;fDr;ksa dks ykxw ugha gksxh- ¼6½ bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s] vkgj.k rFkk laforjd vf/kdkjh dks fdlh ljdkjh lsod ds laca/k esa fu;kstd le>k tk;xk-
-47 -
fuf/k;ka rFkk ykHk-
43 ¼1½ fdlh lkslkbVh dh ,slh fuf/k;ksa dk] tks 'kq} ykHkksa ls fHkUu gks] dksbZ Hkh Hkkx mlds lnL;ksa dks cksul ;k ykHkka'k ds :Ik esa lanRr ugha fd;k tk;xk vkSj u mlds lnL;ksa esa mldk vU;Fkk forj.k gh fd;k tk;xk%
ijUrq fdlh lnL; dks] fdUgha ,slh lsokvksa] tks fd mlds }kjk lkslkbVh ds fy;s dh xbZ gksa] ds fy;s ikfjJfed dk Hkqxrku ,sls ekieku ls fd;k tk
ldsxk tks fd mifof/k;ksa }kjk vf/kdfFkr fd;k tk;- ¼2½ dksbZ lkslkbVh fdlh o"kZ ds vius 'kq} ykHkksa esa ls]& ¼d½ ;fn jftLVªkj us] lk/kkj.k ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk] lkslkbVh dks bl fufeRr Hkkxr% ;k iw.kZr% NwV u ns nh gks rks ,slh jde vkjf{kr fuf/k;ksa esa vUrfjr djsxh tks ,sls ykHkksa ds iPphl
izfr'kr ls de u gks(
¼[k½ NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh la?k e;kZfnr dks rFkk ,slh vU; laLFkkvksa ;k la?kksa dks] tks fd jftLVªkj }kjk bl laca/k esa fofufnZ"V fd;s tk;sa] ,sls vfHknk; dk Hkqxrku djsxh tks fd fofgr
fd;k tk;( vkSj
¼x½ ,slh lkslkbVh] ftlesa ljdkj dh lk/kkj.k va'kiwath dh Hkkxhnkjh gS lk/kkj.k va'kiwath ekspu fuf/k esa de ls de chl izfr'kr jkf'k
varfjr djsxh-
¼3½ dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh jftLVªkj ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ds fcuk vius lnL;ksa dks iPphl izfr'kr ls vf/kd dh nj ls ykHkka'k ugha nsxh-
¼4½ dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh] jftLVªkj dh eatwjh ls] fdlh o"kZ ds 'kq) ykHk dk ,d&pkSFkkbZ Hkkx vkjf{kr fuf/k esa j[k fn;k tkus ds i'pkr~ vof'k"V 'kq) ykHkksa ds ikap izfr'kr ls vuf/kd Hkkx dk vfHknk; fdlh Hkh ,sls iz;kstu ds fy;s dj ldsxh tks fd lgdkfjrk
vkUnksyu ds fodkl ls lacaf/kr gks ;k iwrZ foU;kl vf/kfu;e] 1890 ¼Ø- 6 lu~ 1890½ dh /kkjk 2 esa ;FkkifjHkkf"kr] iwrZ iz;kstu ls lacaf/kr gks- ¼5½ dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh fdlh ,sls laxBu esa ftldk mn~ns'; fdlh jktuSfrd ny ;k fdlh /kkfeZd vkLFkk dks vxzlj djuk gS u rks izR;{kr% vkSj u vizR;{kr% /ku ds ;k oLrq ds :Ik esa vfHknk; djsxh-
-48 -
ykHkksa dk fofu;kstu- 43&d ¼1½ ykHk vftZr djus okyh dksbZ lkslkbVh o"kZ ds ldy ykHkksa esa ls fuEufyf[kr dh dVkSrh djds 'kq} ykHk dh lax.kuk djsxh%&
¼d½ m/kkj ys[kkvksa ij izksn~Hkwr leLr vfr'kks/; C;kt( ¼[k½ izca/k izHkkj(
¼x½ m/kkjksa ¼yksUl½ rFkk fu{ksiksa ij ns; C;kt( ¼?k½ laijh{kk ¼vkfMV½ Qhl(
¼M½ dkedkt laca/kh [kpsZ ftlds varxZr gS ejEer] HkkVd] dj(
¼p½ vo{k;.k(
¼N½ cksul lank; vf/kfu;e] 1965 ¼Ø- 21 lu~ 1965½ ds v/khu deZpkfj;ksa dks ns; cksul(
¼t½ vk;dj ds lank; ds fy;s izko/kku(
¼>½ jkT;@ftyk lgdkjh la?k] tks fd vf/klwfpr fd;k tk;] dks vfHknk; ds Hkqxrku ds fy;s izko/kku(
¼=½ fodkl fuf/k] Mwcar _.k fuf/k] ewY; mrkj&p<+ko fuf/k] ykHkka'k lekuhdj.k fuf/k] fofu/kku mrkj&p<+ko fuf/k vkSj ,slh vU; fuf/k;ksa ds fy;s izko/kku tks fd jftLVªkj }kjk bl fufeRr fofufnZ"V dh tk;s(
¼V½ deZpkfj;ksa dks lsokfuo`fRr izlqfo/kkvksa ds fy;s izko/kku vkSj mu lkslkbfV;ksa dh n'kk esa] tks miHkksDrk eky dk dkjckj djrh gS] lnL; dks lanRr fd;s tkus okys Ø; fjcsV ds fy;s izko/kku( vkSj
¼B½ Mwcr _.k dks vkSj ,slh gkfu;ksa dks tks ykHkksa esa ls l`ftr fdlh Hkh fuf/k ds izfr lek;ksftr ugha fd;s x;s gS] cV~Vs [kkrs Mkys tkus ds fy;s izko/kku-
¼2½ rFkkfi] dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh o"kZ ds dqy ykHkksa ls ml C;kt dks tksM+ ldsxh tks iwoZorhZ o"kksZa esaa izksn~Hkwr gqvk gS fdUrq o"kZ ds nkSjku okLro esa olwy fd;k x;k gS- bl izdkj fudkys x;s 'kq) ykHk iwoZ o"kZ ls vkxs ys x;s ykHkksa dh jde lfgr /kkjk 43 ds iz;kstuksa ds fy;s fofu;ksftr fd;s tkus gsrq miyC/k jgsaxs ?kkVs ds fy,
nkf;Ro-
43&[k ¼1½ tgka fdlh lkslkbVh dks fdlh o"kZ esa ifjpkyu ?kkVk gksrk gS] ogka lfefr mlds dkj.kksa dks lk/kkj.k fudk; ds le{k izLrqr djsxh-
-49 -
¼2½ lk/kkj.k fudk;] tgka lkslkbVh ds dkjckj ds lkekU; vuqdze esa ?kkVk gqvk gS ogka mlds dkj.kksa dk ijh{k.k djsxk vkSj lk/kkj.k fudk; vius ijh{k.k ds vk/kkj ij ifjpkyu ?kkVs dks mlds lnL;ksa ls vkSj ;k vkjf{kfr;ksa ls iw.kZr% ;k Hkkxr% iwjk djus gsrq ladYi dj ldsxk-
fuf/k;ksa dk
fofu;kstu-
44 ¼1½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ rFkk ¼3½ ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] dksbZ lkslkbVh viuh fuf/k;ksa dks]&
¼d½ ljdkjh] cpr cSadksa esa( ;k
¼d&d½ fdlh lgdkjh cSad esa( ;k
¼[k½ Hkkjrh; U;kl vf/kfu;e] 1882 ¼Ø- 2 lu
1882½ dh /kkjk 20 esa fofufnZ"V dh xbZ
izfrHkwfr;ksa esa ls fdlh izfrHkwfr esa( ;k ¼x½ ml la?kh; lkslkbVh] ftldh fd og lnL;
gks] ds ikl ;k mlds va'kksa ds Ø; esa( ;k
¼?k½ jftLVªkj ds vuqeksnu ls] ifjlhfer nkf;Ro okyh fdlh vU; lkslkbVh ds ikl ;k mlds
va'kksa ;k izfrHkwfr;ksa ;k fMcsUpjksa ds Ø; esa( ;k okyh fdlh vU; lkslkbVh ds ikl ;k
mlds va'kksa ;k izfrHkwfr;ksa ;k fMcsPkjksa ds Ø; esa( ;k
¼M½ fdlh ,sls cSad ds ikl] tks bl iz;kstu ds fy;s jftLVªkj ds }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k
gks] vkSj ,sls fucU/kuksa vkSj 'krksZa ij] ;fn dksbZ gksa] tks mlds }kjk bl fufeRr
vf/kdfFkr dh tk,a(
fofufgr ;k fuf{kIr dj ldsxh(
ijUrq [k.M ¼?k½ ds v/khu jftLVªkj dk
vuqeksnu ml n'kk esa vko';d ugha gksxk tcfd ,slh lkslkbVh dk lnL; gksus ds fy;s ,slh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj va'kksa dk Ø; fd;k tkuk gks- ¼2½ lkslkbVh dh vkjf{kr fuf/k dk fofu/kku ;k mi;ksx dsoy ,slh jhfr esa vkSj ,sls fucU/kuksa rFkk 'krksZa ij fd;k tk;xk tSlh fd jftLVªkj }kjk bl laca/k esa vf/kdfFkr dh tk;a-
¼3½ x`g fuekZ.k lkslkbVh ls fHkUu fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk fofufnZ"V iz;kstuksa ds fy, l`ftr fuf/k;ksa ls fHkUu viuh fuf/k;ksa esa ls fdlh fuf/k dk LFkkoj laifRr esa fofu/kku] jftLVªkj ds vuqeksnu ds fcuk ugha fd;k tk,xk-
¼4½ fu{ksi izfrxzfgr djus okyh dksbZ lkslkbVh] ,sls fu{ksiksa dh j{kk jkf'k ds :Ik esa laifjorhZ lalk/kuksa dks ,slh lhek rd rFkk ,slh jhfr esa cuk;s j[ksxh tSlk fd jftLVªkj }kjk le;≤ ij fofufnZ"V fd;k tk;sa-
-50 -
lkslkbfV;ksa dks jkT; lgk;rk
dk eatwj fd;k tkuk-
45 ¼1½ dksbZ ,slh lkslkbVh] tks va'kiwath ds izfr vfHknk; ls fHkUu fdlh :Ik esa jkT; lgk;rk izkIr djuk pkgrh gks] ,slh jkT; lgk;rk pkgus ds fy;s dkj.k dfFkr djrs gq, jftLVªkj dks vkosnu dj ldsxh-
¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkosnu izkIr gksus ij ;k vU;Fkk] jftLVªkj] ;fn mldk ;g lek/kku gks tk;s fd ,slh lgk;rk ml lkslkbVh ds fgr esa vko';d gS] ,slh lgk;rk eatwj dh tkus ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj dks flQkfj'k dj ldsxk- jkT; ljdkj rnqifj ml
lkslkbVh dks ,slh lgk;rk] tSlh fd og Bhd le>s] ,sls fucU/kuksa rFkk 'krksZa ij eatwj dj ldsxh tSlh fd fofgr dh tk;-
deZpkfj;ksa dh
Hkfo"; fuf/k-
46 ¼1½ dksbZ lkslkbVh vius deZpkfj;ksa ds Qk;ns ds fy;s ,d vfHknk;h Hkfo"; fuf/k dh LFkkiuk dj ldsxh ftlesa ,sls leLr vfHknk; tek fd;s tk;saxs tks fd ml lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj deZpkfj;ksa rFkk lkslkbVh }kjk fd;s x;s gksa-
¼2½ fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu LFkkfir dh xbZ vfHknk;h Hkfo"; fuf/k]&
¼d½ ml lkslkbVh ds dkjckj ds mi;ksx esa ugha ykbZ tk;sxh(
¼[k½ ml lkslkbVh dh vkfLr;ksa dk Hkkx:Ik ugh gksaxh(
¼x½ dqdZ fd;s tkus ds nkf;Rok/khu ugha gksxh ;k fdlh U;k;ky; ;k vU; izkf/kdkjh dh fdlh
vU; vknsf'kdk ds v/;/khu ugha gksxh( vkSj
¼?k½ ,slh jhfr esa iz'kkflr dh tk;xh tSlh fd fofgr dh tk;-
la?kh; lkslkbVh
ls lac) fd;s
tkus ds funs'k
nsus dh 'kfDr-
47 jkT; ljdkj] lk/kkj.k ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk] ;g funs'k ns ldsxh fd fdlh fofufnZ"V {ks= ds Hkhrj fLFkr leLr lkslkbfV;ka ;k muesa ls dksbZ lkslkbVh NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh la?k ls ;k fdlh ftyk lgdkjh la?k ls ;k fdlh vU; la?k ls ,slh jhfr esa rFkk ,slh 'krksZa ij lac) dh tk; tSlh fd jkT; ljdkj
fofufnZ"V djs-
'kh"kZ lkslkbVh- 47&d ¼1½ 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh vius la?kVdksa dh lsok ds fy, vkSj viuh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr d`R;ksa dk
ikyu dj ldsxh%&
-51 -
¼d½ lgdkjh fl)kUrksa dk ikyu gks] blds lqj{kk mik; djuk(
¼[k½ lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa dks laizofrZr djuk vkSj bl iz;kstu ds fy, vkn'kZ mifof/k;ka fojfpr djuk vkSj lkslkbfV;ksa ds fopkj.k gsrq fofHkUu fofu;e vkSj fufr;ka cukus ds fy, ekxZn'kZd fl)kUr cukuk(
¼x½ lgdkfjrk ds izf'k{k.k] f'k{k.k vkSj tkudkjh dh O;oLFkk djuk vkSj lgdkjh fl)kUrksa dk izpkj djuk(
¼?k½ vuqla/kku vkSj ewY;kadu djuk rFkk lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa ds fy, Hkkoh fodkl ;kstukvksa dks rS;kj djus esa lgk;rk djuk(
¼M½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa ds chp lkeatL;iw.kZ laca/k fodflr djuk(
¼p½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa ds chp vkil esa ds rFkk lkslkbVh vkSj mlds lnL;ksa ds chp ds fooknksa dks fuiVkus esa lgk;rk djuk(
¼N½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa ds fgrksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djuk vkSj lkslkbfV;ksa ds vuqdwy uhfr;ksa vkSj fo/kku ds fy, vfHker izkIr djus ds iz;kl djuk(
¼t½ vius lnL;ksa dh vksj ls dkjckjh lsok,a gkFk esa ysuk(
¼>½ cksMZ ds lfEeyuksa esa] ftuesa lnL; lkslkbfV;ka vkeaf=r dh tkrh gSa] eas Hkkx ysus ds lkFk gh lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa dks lg;ksx ,oa izca/kdh; fodkl laca/kh lsok,a iznku djuk(
¼=½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa esa ;Fkkle; okf"kZd laijh{kk dk lapkyu lqfuf'pr djuk(
¼V½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa ds ;Fkkle; fuokZpu dk lapkyu lqfuf'pr djuk(
¼B½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa ds lk/kkj.k lfEeyuksa ds fu;fer lapkyu gsrq lgk;rk djuk(
¼M½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa ds ikyu gsrq vkpkj lafgrk fodflr djuk(
¼<½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa dh l{kerk ds ekin.M fodflr djuk(
¼.k½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa dks fof/kd lgk;rk ,oa lykg iznku djuk(
¼r½ lnL; lkslkbfV;ksa ds fgr esa dksbZ Hkh vU; lsok iznku djuk-
-52 -
ikapok v/;k; lkslkbfV;ksa dk izcU/k lkslkbVh esa
vafre izkf/kdkj- 48- ¼1½ fdlh lkslkbVh esa dk vafre izkf/kdkj lnL;ksa ds Lkk/kkj.k fudk; esa fufgr gksxk
¼ijUrq lk/kkj.k fudk; dh 'kfDr;ksa dk ;k mu 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djus ds fy, tks fd lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa fofufnZ"V dh tk, fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa ,d ,sls NksVs fudk; ds xBu ds fy, micU/k gks ldsxk ftlesa ,slh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj fuokZfpr fd, x, izR;k;qDr gksaxs½
¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, izR;sd lks;kbVh dk izca/k bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ds ;k lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj xfBr dh xbZ lfefr esa fufgr gksxk rFkk og lfefr ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsxh rFkk ,sls dRRkZO;ksa dk ikyu djsxh] tks fd bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ;k lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa }kjk dze'k% mls iznRr dh tk, ;k ml ij vf/kjksfir fd;s tk,aA
¼3½ lgdkjh lkslkbVh ds cksMZ esa muds
lnL;ksa esa ls vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr vkSj vU; fiNM+k oxZ ds
lnL;ksa ds LFkku dk vkj{k.k mudh
lnL;rk ds vuqikr esa fd;k tk,xk%
ijarq ;g fd ,slk vkj{k.k cksMZ dh
dqy lnL;rk ds 50 izfr'kr ls vf/kd
ugha gksxk%
ijarq ;g vkSj fd ,d LFkku ¼lhV½
vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ;k vulwfpr
tutkfr;ksa ds fy;s vkjf{kr jgsxhA**
¼4½ &&&foyksfir&&
¼5½ lalk/ku lkslkbVh esa ,d v/;{k@ lHkkifr vkSj nks mik/;{k@milHkkifr gksxsaA mik/;{kksa@milHkkifr;ksa ds nks inksa esa ls &&
¼,d½ ,d in L=h lnL; }kjk /kkfjr fd;k tk,xk vkSj
¼nks½ ,d in] ;fn v/;{k vuqlwfpr tutkfr ;k vuqlwfpr tutkfr ;k vU; fiNMs+ oxZ ls
fuokZfpr u gks] rks buesa ls fdlh oxZ ds O;fDr }kjk vkSj vU;Fkk fdlh Hkh oxZ ds O;fDr }kjk
-53 -
/kkfjr fd;k tk,xk% ijUrq vuqlwwfpr {ks= esa lapkfyr ukxfjd lgdkjh cSad ;k uxjh; lgdkjh lk[k lkslkbVh ;k cpr lkslkbVh ls fHkUu ,slh lalk/ku lkslkbVh dh n'kk esa v/;{k ;k lHkkifr dk fuokZpu dsoy vuqlwfpr tutkfr oxZ ds O;fDr;ksa esa ls fd;k tk,xkA
Li"Vhdj.k %& bl /kkjk ds iz;kstu ds fy;s & ¼,d½ ^^vuqlwfpr tkfr** ls vfHkizsr gS] dksbZ tkfr] ewyoa'k ;k tutkfr ;k fdlh tkfr] ewyoa'k ;k tutkfr dk Hkkx ;k mlesa dk ;wFk] tks Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 341 ds v/khu NRrhlx<+ jkT; ds laca/k esa ml :i esa fofufnZ"V gS% ¼nks½ ^^vuqlwfpr tutkfr** ls vfHkizsr gS] dksbZ tutkfr] tutkfr leqnk; ;k fdlh tutkfr] tutkfr leqnk; ;k fdlh tutkfr ;k
tutkfr leqnk; dk Hkkx ;k mlesa dk ;wFk tks Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 342 ds v/khu NRrhlx<+ jkT; ds laca/k esa ml :i esa fofufnZ"V gSA
5&d miHkksDrk lkslk;Vh esa ,d v/;{k ;k lHkkifr vkSj ,d mik/;{k ;k milHkkifr gksxk ftlesa ls ,d efgyk gksxhA
¼6½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr tks fdlh dsUbh; lgdkjh cSad esa oS;fDrd lnL; gS] dsUnzh; ;k 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh esa dksbZ Hkh fofufnZ"V in /kkj.k ugha djsxkA
¼7½ ¼d½ lnL; tks fcuk fdlh mfpr dkj.k
ds yxkrkj rhu lHkkvksa esa tkucw>dj
vius vkidks vuqifLFkr j[krk gS vkSj
tks mldks lquokbZ dk ;qfDr;qDr volj
iznku ds Ik'pkr~ izekf.kr gks x;k gS]
cksMZ ds lnL; ds :Ik esa dk;Z djus ls
ifjfojr gks tk;sxk vkSj lHkh
ikfj.kkfed ykHkksa ls oafpr gks tk;sxkA** ¼[k½ fdlh lgdkjh lkslkbVh esa] dksbZ
Hkh lnL;] cksMZ ds lnL; ds :i esa]
izR;k;qDr ;k izfrfuf/k ds :i esa
fuokZpu ds fy, vfgZr ugha gksxk vkSj
u gh ,slh lgdkjh lkslkbVh ds
izR;k;qDr ;k izfrfuf/k dks] cksMZ ds fdlh
-54 -
fuokZpu esa er nsus dk vf/kdkj gksxk] tc rd fd og ,slh lgdkjh lkslkbVh }kjk nh tkus okyh lsokvksa ds U;wure~ Lrj tSlk fd jftLVªkj }kjk lHkh izdkj dh lkslkbfV;ksa ds fy, bl laca/k esa le;≤ ij fofgr fd;k tk,] dk miHkksx ugha dj fy;k gksA** ¼8½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k blds v/khu cuk, x;s fu;eksa vkSj lgdkjh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh cksMZ ds lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k] bDdhl ls vf/kd ugha gksaxh] ftuesa ls nks efgyk;sa gksaxh%
ijUrq bl /kkjk dh
mi&/kkjk ¼9½ ds mica/kksa ds v/khu fu;qDr lg;ksftr fo'ks"kK lnL; ,oa insu lnL; vkSj /kkjk 52 dh mi&/kkjk ¼1½ ds mica/kksa ds v/khu fu;qDr 'kkldh; ukferh vkSj dk;Zdkjh lapkydksa dks cksMZ ds ,sls bDdhl lnL;ksa dh x.kuk ds iz;kstu ds fy, vioftZr fd;k tk,xkA ¼9½ bl vf/kfu;e vkSj blds v/khu cuk, x;s fu;eksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] cksMZ mu O;fDr;ksa dks cksMZ ds lnL; ds :i esa lg;ksftr djsxk ftUgsa ,slh lgdkjh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :Ik esa cSafdax] izca/ku] foRr ds {ks= esa vuqHko gks vFkok ,sls vU; {ks= esa fo'ks"kKrk gks tks ,slh lgdkjh lkslkbVh }kjk fd, tk jgs mn~ns';ksa vkSj fØ;kdyki ls lacaf/kr gks% Ikjarq ,sls lg;ksftr lnL;ksa dh la[;k bl /kkjk dh mi&/kkjk ¼8½ esa fofufnZ"V bDdhl lnL;ksa ds vfrfjDr nks ls vf/kd ugha gksxh% ijarq ;g vkSj fd ,sls
-55 -
lg;ksftr lnL; lgdkjh lkslkbVh ds fdlh fuokZpu esa ,sls lnL; dh gSfl;r ls ernku djus ds gdnkj ugha gksaxs vkSj u gh cksMZ ds inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds :i esa fuokZfpr gksus ds fy, ik= gksxsaA**
fofufnZ"V in
/kkj.k djus ds
fy, fujgZrk,a-
48&d ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ,d gh le; esa ,d ls vf/kd 'kh"kZ lkslkbfV;ksa dk] ,d ls vf/kd dsUnzh; lkslk;fV;ksa dk rFkk ,d ls vf/kd izkFkfed lkslk;fV;ksa dk fofufnZ"V in /kkj.k ugh djsxk%
ijarq bl mi/kkjk ds mica/k ,d gh oxhZdj.k okys lkslk;fV;ksa ij ykxw gksxsa-
¼2½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr] tks ,d 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh] ,d dsUnzh; lkslkbVh rFkk ,d izkFkfed lkslkbVh esa dksbZ fofufnZ"V in /kkj.k dj jgk gS] fdlh vU; 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh ;k dsUnzh; lkslkbVh ;k izkFkfed lkslkbVh ds ,sls fofufnZ"V in ij fuokZfpr ;k fu;qDr gks tkrk gS] rks og fyf[kr i= }kjk tks mlds }kjk gLrk{kfjr vkSj jftLVªkj dks lacksf/kr gksxk] fdlh fofufnZ"V in ij] vius fuokZfpr ;k fu;qDr gks tkus dh rkjh[k ls ,d ekl dh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj] ;Fkk fLFkfr ,d 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh rFkk ;k ,d dsUnzh; lkslkbVh rFkk ;k ,d izkFkfed lkslkbVh ds flok; ,slh vU; lHkh 'kh"kZ lkslkbfV;ksa] dsUnzh; lkslkbfV;ksa rFkk izkFkfed lkslkbfV;ksa ds fofufnZ"V in ls R;kx i= ns ldsxk- ¼3½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu R;kxi= nsus ds fy;s visf{kr dksbZ O;fDr] ml mi/kkjk esa fofufnZ"V dh xbZ dkykof/k ds Hkhrj R;kxi= nsus esa vlQy jgrk gS] rks ,slh dkykof/k dk volku gks tkus ij mlds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk,xk fd mlus ;FkkfLFkfr ,d 'kh"kZ ;k dsUnzh; ;k izkFkfed lkslkbVh] ftlesa og ,sls i'pkr~orhZ fuokZpu ;k fu;qfDr ds iwoZ igys ls gh fofufnZ"V in /kkj.k fd, gq, Fkk] ds flok; vU; lHkh 'kh"kZ ;k dsUnzh; lkslkbfV;ksa ;k izkFkfed lkslkbfV;ksa ds fofufnZ"V in ls R;kxi= ns fn;k gS-
izfrfuf/k ,oa
izR;k;qDr-
48&[k ¼1½ izR;sd lkslkbVh dh lfefr] lHkkifr ;k milHkkifr ds fuokZpu ds le; ,sls izfrfuf/k dks Hkh fuokZfpr djsxh tks mldk izfrfuf/kRo vU; lkslkbfV;ksa esa djsaxs vkSj lfefr }kjk ,sls fuokZfpr izfrfuf/k dks rc rd okil ugha cqyk;k tk,xk] tc rd fd lfefr dk vkxkeh pquko ugha gks tkrk gS(-
-56 -
¼2½ ¼d½ fdlh lkslkbVh esa tgka lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds de ls de vk/ks lnL; vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa ds gSa] ogka ,slk izfrfuf/k dsoy ,slh tkfr;ksa ;k tutkfr;ksa ds lnL;ksa esa ls gksxk( vkSj
¼[k½ fdlh lkslkbVh esa tgka lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds de ls de nks frgkbZ lnL; vU; fiNM+s oxksZa ds gS] ogka ,slk izfrfuf/k ,sls oxksZa ds lnL;ksa esa ls gksxk-
¼3½ ;fn fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa mlds lk/kkj.k fudk; dk xBu izR;k;qDrksa ds fuokZpu }kjk fd, tkus dk micU/k gS] rks og lkslkbVh lk/kkj.k fudk; esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj vU; fiNM+s oxksZa ds lnL;ksa ds fy, LFkkuksa dk vkj{k.k ,slh jhfr ls djsxh fd izR;sd izoxZ ds fy, bl izdkj vkjf{kr LFkku] tgka rd laHko gks] mlh vuqikr esa gks tks izR;sd izoxZ ds lnL;ksa dk] ml lkslkbVh dh] dqy lnL; la[;k ds lkFk gS(
ijUrq izR;k;qDr ds rSarhl izfr'kr in leLrj vkSj izHkkxokj efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr gksaxs- lfefr dh
'kfDr;ka-
48&x fdlh lkslkbVh dk cksMZ ;k lfefr dks mldh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj fuEukuqlkj 'kfDr gksxh %& ¼d½ lnL;rk Lohd̀r ,oa lekIr djuk(
¼[k½ lHkkifr ,oa vU; in/kkfj;ksa dks fuokZfpr djuk( ¼x½ lHkkifr ,oa in/kkfj;ksa dks in ls gVkuk( ¼?k½ jftLVªkj ds vuqeksnu ls deZpkjh o`Un dh la[;k fu;r djuk(
¼M-½ fuEufyf[kr ds laca/k esa uhfr;ka cukuk %& ¼,d½ lnL;ksa dks lsok,a nsus ds fy, laxBu ,oa mica/k djuk(
¼nks½ jftLVªkj ds vuqeksnu ls deZpkjh o`Un dh vgZrk,a] HkrhZ] lsok 'krsZa vkSj
deZpkjh o`Un ls lacaf/kr vU; fo"k;(
¼rhu½ fuf/k dh vfHkj{kk vkSj fofu/kku dk
¼pkj½ ys[kkvksa ds j[ks tkus dh jhfr(
¼ikap½ fuf/k;ksa dk lapkyu] mi;ksx ,oa
fofu/kku(
-57 -
¼Ng½ Qkby dh tkus okyh dkuwuh foojf.k;ka ds lfgr lwpuk iz.kkyh dh fuxjkuh vkSj izca/k(
¼p½ lk/kkj.k fudk; ds vuqeksnu gsrq okf"kZd fjiksVZ] okf"kZd foRrh; fooj.k] ;kstuk ,oa ctV izzLrqr djuk(
¼N½ laijh{kk rFkk vuqikyu fjiksVZ ij fopkj djuk vkSj mUgsa lk/kkj.k fudk; ds le{k izLrqr djuk( vkSj
¼t½ ,sls vU; leLr d`R; djuk tks mifof/k;ksa esa fofufnZ"V gS-
okf"kZd lk/kkj.k
lfEeyu
49 ¼1½ izR;sd lkslkbVh foRrh; o"kZ dh lekfIr ds iwoZ rhu ekl ds Hkhrj vius lnL;ksa dk lk/kkj.k lfEeyu fuEufyf[kr iz;kstu ds fy, cqyk,xh %&
¼d½ lkslkbVh ds fØ;kdykiksa ds dk;ZØe dk] tks fd lfefr }kjk vkxkeh o"kZ ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gks] vuqeksnu djus ds fy,(
¼[k½ lfefr ds lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu] ;fn oks djk;k tkuk visf{kr gks x;k gS(
Li"Vhdj.k- %& lfefr dk fuokZpu visf{kr gks x;k gS ;g rc le>k tk,xk tcfd lfefr dh vof/k okf"kZd lk/kkj.k lfEeyu dh rkjh[k ls rhu ekl dh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj lekIr gks tk,-
¼x½ laijh{kk fjiksVZ] ;fn izkIr gqbZ gks] rFkk okf"kZd fjiksVZ ij fopkj djus ds fy,(
¼?k½ 'kq} ykHk ds O;;u ds fy,(
¼M-½ fdlh vU; fo"k; ij] tks fd mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj miLFkkfir fd;k tk;] fopkj djus ds fy,( vkSj
¼p½ vxys o"kZ ds fy, ctV is'k djus ds fy,% ^^ijUrq jftLVªkj bl lfEeyu ds flok;]
ftlesa fd fuokZpu lfefr ds dk;Zdky dk] tks fd mi/kkjk ¼7&d½ esa fofufnZ"V fd;k x;k gS] volku gksus ij fd, tkus gS] ,slk lfEeyu djus dh dkykof/k dks rhu ekl ls vf/kd vkSj dkykof/k ds fy, c<+k ldsxk( **
^^ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd tgka fdlh lkslkbVh ds laca/k esaa /kkjk 69 ds v/khu lekiu dk vkns'k tkjh fd;k x;k gS rks ogka okf"kZd lk/kkj.k lfEeyu cqyk;k tkuk vko';d ugha gksxk-**
-58 -
¼1&d½ lfefr ds lnL;ksa] lHkkifr] milHkkifr] v/;{k] mik/;{k vkSj izfrfuf/k;ksa ds ;fn dksbZ gksa] fuokZpu dk lapkyu fjVfuZax vkfQlj }kjk fofgr jhfr esa fd;k tk,xk-
¼2½ ,sls lfEeyu dh lwpuk ml ftys ds] ftlesa fd lkslkbVh fLFkr gks] mi@lgk;d jftLVªkj dks] lfEeyu dh rkjh[k ls de ls de iwjs pkSng fnu iwoZ Hksth tk;xh-
¼3½ mi@lgk;d jftLVªkj ,sls lfEeyu esa Lo;a gkftj gks ldsxk ;k vius v/khuLFk fdlh vf/kdkjh dks mlesa gkftj gksus ds fy, izfrfu;qDr dj ldsxk- ¼4½ mi@lgk;d jftLVªkj ;k mlds }kjk izfrfu;qDr fd, x, vf/kdkjh dks ;g vf/kdkj gksxk fd og mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [kUM ¼d½] ¼x½] ¼?k½ rFkk ¼p½ esa fofufnZ"V fd, x, fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr fdlh Hkh ekeys ds ckjs esa lfEeyu dks lEcksf/kr djs-
¼5½ ;fn lk/kkj.k lfEeyu] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu mlds fy, fofgr dh xbZ dkykof/k ds Hkhrj cqykus ;k mi/kkjk ¼1½ dh vis{kk dk vuqikyu djus esa O;frØe fd;k x;k gks] rks jftLVªkj] vkns'k }kjk] fdlh ,sls vkfQlj dks] ftldk fd ,slk lfEeyu cqykus dk ;k mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds mica/kksa dk vuqikyu djus dk dRrZO; Fkk vkSj ftlus ;qfDr;qDr izfrgsrq ds fcuk iwokZsDr mi/kkjk ds mica/kksa esa ls fdlh Hkh mica/k dk vuqikyu djus esa pwd dh gks] in ds fy, fuokZfpr gksus ;k in ij jgus ds rhu o"kZ ls vuf/kd ,slh dkykof/k rd ds fy, ftls fd og ,sls vkns'k esa fofufnZ"V djsa] fujfgZr ?kksf"kr dj ldsxk vkSj ml vkfQlj ij] ;fn og vkfQlj lkslkbVh dk deZpkjh gks] ikap gtkj :i;s ls vuf/kd fdlh Hkh jde dh 'kkfLr vf/kjksfir dj ldsxk%
ijUrq bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkns'k rc rd ugh fd;k tk,xk tc rd lacaf/kr O;fDr dks lgdkjh lkslkbfV;ksa ds la;qDr jftLVªkj dh in Js.kh ls vfuEu in Js.kh ds fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk lqus tkus dk ;qfDr;qDr volj ugha ns fn;k tkrk-
¼6½ ;fn fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ka lfefr ds leLr ;k dqN lnL;ksa dk fuokZpu {ks=h; ¼VsjhVksfj;y½ vk/kkj ij fd;k tkus dk mica/k djrh gks] rks lfefr ds ,sls lnL; {ks= esa ls] lk/kkj.k lfEeyu ds iwoZ dh fdlh rkjh[k dks mifof/k;ksa dks mica/kksa ds vuqlkj
-59 -
ml {ks= ds lnL;ksa ds fdlh lfEeyu esa] fuokZfpr fd, tk;saxs] mlds ifj.kke lkslkbVh ds lwpuk Qyd ij rFkk okf"kZd lk/kkj.k lfEeyu dh dk;Zokfg;ksa ds izkjaHk gksus ds iwoZ lk/kkj.k lfEeyu ds LFkku ij Hkh yxk, tk;saxs-
¼7½ fdlh Hkh lkslkbVh ds izR;sd okf"kZd lk/kkj.k lfEeyu esa lfefr] lkslkbVh ds lkeus ,d fooj.k j[ksxh ftlesa lfefr ds lnL;ksa ds] muds dqVqEc ds lnL;ksa ds rFkk fudV ukrsnkjksa ds uke iwoZorhZ o"kksZ ds nkSjku cdk;k m/kkjksa ;k vfx zeksa] ;fn dksbZ gksa] ds C;kSjs n'kkZ;s x;s gksa-
Li"Vhdj.k%& mi/kkjk ¼7½ ds iz;kstu ds fy;s] dqVqEc ds lnL;ksa ds varxZr iRuh] ifr rFkk vkfJr larku gksxh-
¼7&d½ ¼,d½ lfefr dk dk;Zdky ml rkjh[k ls] ftldks lfefr dk izFke lfEeyu fd;k tkrk gS] ikap
o"kZ gskxk %
ijUrq tgkWa fdlh lfefr dks vfrf"Br ;k
fuyafcr fd;k x;k gS ] ;k vf/kfu;e ds v/khu gBk;k x;k gS fdlh U;k;y; ds ;k izkf/kdkjh ds vkns'k ds QyLo:i iqu% LFkkfir gks tkrh gS] ogkaa og dkykof/k ftlds nkSjku og lfefr ;FkkfLFkfr vfrf"Br] fuyafcr ;k in ij ugh jgh gS iwoksZDr dk;Zdky dh x.kuk djus esa vioftZr dj nh tk,xh-
¼nks½ lkslkbVh dh lfefr }kjk fuokZfpr izfrfuf/k dk dk;Zdky ml lkslkbVh ds] ftlds fy, ,slk
izfrfuf/k fuokZfpr fd;k x;k gS] dk;Zdky dh
lekfIr ds lkFk lekIr gksxk-
ijUrq ;g fd] lfefr dk izfrfuf/k ml lfefr
dh ftldk fd og lnL; gS vof/k lekIr gksus rd vius in ij cuk jgsxk-
¼7&dd½ ¼dsoy e/;izns'k esa ykxw ½
jkT; ljdkj vf/klwpuk }kjk mlesa dfFkr fd;s tkus okys dkj.kksa ls fdlh lkslk;Vh ;k fdlh oxZ dh lkslkbfV;ksa dk dk;Zdky le;≤ ij ckjg ekl ls vuf/kd dh dqy dkykof/k rd ds fy, c
ldsxhA
¼7&ddd½ ¼dsoy e/;izns'k esa ykxw ½
mi/kkjk ¼7&dd½ esa fofufnf"V vBkjg ekg dh
vf/kdre dkykof/k dk ,slh lfefr;ksa dh ckcr
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volku 7 ebZ 1988 ¼ftls bles ablds i'pkr mDr rkjh[k ds :Ik esa fofufnZ"V fd;k x;k gS½ ls izkjaHk gksus okyh vkSj jkti= esa e/;izns'k lgdkjh lkslkbVh¼la'kks/ku½ v/;kns'k] 1988 ds izdkf'kr gksus dh rkfj[k dks lekIr gksus okyh dkykof/k ds chp gks tkus ij Hkh ,slh lfefr;ksa dh dkykof/k dh ckcr ;g le>k tk,xk fd og mDr rkfj[k ls N ekg dh dkyof/k ds c<+k nh xbZ gS] ekuksa dkykof/k ds c<+k;s tkus ds fy, mi/kkjk ¼7&dd½ ds v/khu vf/klwpuk mDr rkjh[k dks tkjh dj nh xbZ Fkh A
¼8½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼7&d½ esa fofufnZ"V dk;Zdky ;k ,rn~ iwoZ gVkbZ x;h mi/kkjk ¼7&dd½ ds v/;/khu c<+k;s x;s dk;Zdky dk volku dk gksus ds iwoZ fuokZpu ugh gksrs gS rks lfefr ds leLr lnL;ksa ds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk,xk fd lHkh lnL;ksa us vius in fjDr dj fn;s gS vkSj lfefr dh 'kfDr;ka jftLVªkj esa fufgr gks xbZ gS vkSj jftLVªkj ;FkkLkaHko 'kh?kz fuokZPku djok;sxkA
ijUrq jftLVªkj bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu mlesa fufgr lfefr dh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djus ds fy, fdlh vf/kdkjh dks izkf/kd`r dj ldsxk vkSj bl izdkj izkf/kd`r fd;k x;k mDr vf/kdkjh ,sls izkf/kdr̀ fd;s tkus dh rkjh[k ls ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsxkA ¼9½ ¼d½ izR;sd lkslkbVh izR;sd lk/kkj.k lfEeyu vkSj mldh lfefr ds leLr vU; lfEeyuksa ds
leLr dk;Zo`Rr dks] dk;Zo`Rr iqLrd esa vfHkfyf[kr djsxk(
¼[k½ ,slk dk;ZòRr lfEeyu esa vkeaf=r leLr O;fDr;ksa dks lfEeyu dh lekfIr ds 30 fnu ds Hkhrj ifjpkfyr fd;k tk,xk-
¼x½ bl izdkj vfHkfyf[kr fd;k x;k dk;ZòRr mDr lfEeyu dh v/;{krk djus okys O;fDr }kjk gLrk{kfjr fd;k tk,xk-
lfefr dh
dk;Zokfg;ksa dk
mRrjkf/kdkjh
lfefr }kjk
ckfryhdj.k-
49&[k bl vf/kfu;e esa] mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa esa ;k fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa] vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdlh lfefr }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k dksbZ Hkh ladYi] jftLVªkj dh fyf[kr iwoZ eatwjh ds fcuk] mRrjkf/kdkjh lfefr }kjk mikUrfjr ;k ckfry ugha fd;k tk,xk-
-61 -
yksdfgr vkfn esa funs'k nsus dh ljdkj dh
'kfDr-
49&x ¼1½ ;fn jkT; ljdkj dk] jftLVªkj ls fjiksVZ izkIr gksus ij ;k vU;Fkk ;g lek/kku gks tkrk gS fd yksdfgr esa ;k ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr ;k gkFk esa fy, x, lgdkjh mRiknu vkSj vU; fodkl dk;ZØeksa dk leqfpr dk;kZUo;u lqfuf'pr djus ds iz;kstu ds fy,] ;k lk/kkj.kr% lkslkbVh ds dkedkt dk leqfpr izca/k lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,] ;k lkslkbVh ds dk;Zdykiksa dk lapkyu mlds lnL;ksa ;k fu{ksidrkZvksa ;k ysunkjksa ds fgrksa ds fy, vik;dj jhfr esa fd;s tkus dk fuokj.k djus ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd lk/kkj.kr% lkslkbVh ds dkedkt dk leqfpr izcU/k lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,] ;k lkslkbVh ds dk;Zdykiksa dk lapkyu mlds lnL;ksa ;k fu{ksidrkZvksa ;k ysunkjksa ds fgrksa ds fy, vik;dj jhfr esa fd;s tkus dk fuokj.k djus ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd lk/kkj.kr% fdlh oxZ dh lkslkbfV;ksa dks ;k fof'k"Vr% fdlh lkslkbVh ;k fdUgha lkslkbfV;ksa dks funsZ'k tkjh fd;s tk,a rks jkT; ljdkj mUgsa le;≤ ij funsZ'k tkjh dj ldsxh vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr lHkh lkslkbfV;ka ;k lacaf/kr lkslkbfV;ka ,sls funsZ'kksa dk vuqikyu djus ds fy, vkc) gksxh- ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu tkjh fd;s x;s fdUgha funsZ'kksa dks mikUrfjr ;k jn~n dj ldsxh] vkSj ,sls funsZ'kksa dks mikUrfjr ;k jn~n djus esa ,slh 'krsaZ vf/kjksfir dj ldsxh tks og Bhd le>s-
¼3½ tgka jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tkrk gS fd dksbZ O;fDr ;k lfefr] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k ¼2½ ds v/khu fdlh lkslkbVh dks tkjh fd;s x;s fdUgha funsZ'kksa ;k mikUrfjr funsZ'kksa ds vuqikyu ds fy, mRrjnk;h Fkh ,sls funsZ'kksa dk vuqikyu djus esa i;kZIr dkj.k ;k vkSfpR; ds fcuk vlQy jgrh gS ;k jgrk gS] ogka jftLVªkj-&
¼,d½ fdlh lfefr ds ekeys esa] ,slh lfefr ds fo:) dk;Zokgh /kkjk 53 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj dj ldsxk( vkSj
¼nks½ fdlh O;fDr ds ekeys esa ;fn og O;fDr lkslkbVh dh lfefr dk lnL; gS ;k lkslkbVh
dk dksbZ deZpkjh gS] ,sls O;fDr ds fo:)
dk;Zokgh ;FkkfLFkfr /kkjk 53&[k ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj ;k /kkjk 55 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds
v/khu fojfpr fu;eksa ds vuqlkj dj ldsxk(
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ijUrq ,sls funsZ'k ftuesa lkslkbVh dh foRrh; gkfu varoZfyr gS] ,slh lkslkbVh dh lfefr dh gS] vkSj tgka vko';d gks ogka jk"Vªh; foRrh; laLFkkvksa dh iwoZ lgefr ls gh] vkSj lkFk gh lkFk ,slh gkfu;ksa dk iwjh rjg ls izfrdkj djus gsrq lE;d~ :Ik ls mica/k vkSj vfxze vkcaVu djus ds i'pkr~ gh fn;s tk,axs- fofu;e cukus
ds funs'k nsus
dh jftLVªkj
dh 'kfDr-
49&?k ¼1½ ;fn jftLVªkj dh ;g jk; gS fd lksslkbVh dh foRrh; fLFkfr vkSj mlesa ljdkj ds foRrh; fgr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] ;g vko';d gS fd mlds O;kikj ;k dkedkt djus dh jhfr dk fofu;eu fd;k tk, rks og] bl fufeRr cuk, x, fdUgha fu;eksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] ,slh lkslkbVh dks funsZ'k ns ldsxk fd og ml fufeRr fofu;e cuk, vkSj mUgsa vuqeksnu gsrq mlds ikl Hksts-
¼2½ lkslkbVh }kjk cuk;s x;s fofu;eksa ds izkIr gksus ij] jftLVªkj mUgsa mikUrj.kksa lfgr ;k mikUrj.kksa ds fcuk vuqeksfnr dj ldsxk- ,sls fofu;eksa ds vuqeksfnr gks tkus ij] og lkslkbVh viuk dkedkt ,sls fofu;eksa ds vuqlkj djsxh-
¼3½ ;fn dksbZ lkslkbVh] jftLVªkj }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu funsf'kr fd;s tkus ij] ls fofu;e ml rkjh[k ls] ftldks ,slk funs'k fn;k x;k gS] rhu ekl dh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj jftLVªkj dks Hkstus esa vlQy jgrh gS rks jftLVªkj ,sls fofu;e Lo;a cuk,xk ;k cuok,xk vkSj ml lkslkbVh ls ;g vis{kk djsxk fd og viuk dkedkt ,sls fofu;eksa ds vuqlkj djs vkSj rnqifj og lkslkbVh ,slh vis{kk dk vuqikyu djus ds fy, vkc) gksxh-
dfri;
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
izca/k lapkyd
vkSj eq[;
dk;Zikyd
vf/kdkjh dh
fu;qfDr-
49&M- ¼1½ ¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ;k mifof/k;ksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdlh ,slh 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh ds fy,] tgka jkT; ljdkj us mldh va'kiwath esa
vfHknk; fd;k gS ;k m/kkj ;k foRrh; lgk;rk nh gS ;k fdlh vU; :i esa fn, x, m/kkjksa ds izfrnk; dh izR;kHkwfr nh gS] izFke oxZ ds vf/kdkjh dh Js.kh ls vfuEu Js.kh dk ,d
izca/k lapkyd gksxk ftldk p;u jkT; Lrj
ij xfBr ,d lfefr }kjk fd;k tk,xk
ftlesa d`f"k mRiknu vk;qDr] 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh dk v/;{k] jftLVªkj lgdkjh lkslkbVh vkSj
'kh"kZ lkslkbVh ds cksMZ }kjk ;k ukefufnZ"V ,d
-63 -
lapkyd gksxk( ijUrq ;fn lfefr] izca/k lapkyd dk p;u loZlEefr ls djus esa vlQy jgrh gS rks ekeyk jkT; ljdkj dks fufnZ"V fd;k tk,xk ftldk fofu'p; ml ij vafre gksxk(
¼[k½ izca/k lapkyd lfefr dk insu lnL; gksxk- ¼2½ ¼d½ izR;sd dsUnzh; lkslkbVh ds fy, bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ;k mifof/k;ksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka jkT; ljdkj us mldh va'kiwath esa vfHknk; fd;k gS ;k m/kkj ;k foRrh; lgk;rk nh gS ;k m/kkjksa fMcsapjksa ;k vfxzeksa ds izfrnk; dh izR;kHkwfr nh gS ;k fdlh vU; :Ik esa vuqnku fn;s gSa] ogka f}rh; Js.kh vf/kdkjh dh in Js.kh ls vfuEu in Js.kh dk ,d izca/k lapkyd ;k egkizca/kd gksxk tks lkslkbVh dk eq[; dk;Zikyd vf/kdkjh vkSj lfefr dk insu lnL; gksxk(
¼[k½ eq[; dk;Zikyd vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr-& ¼,d½ /kkjk 54 ds v/khu la/kkfjr laoxZ ds vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls dh tk,xh] ;fn ,slk laoxZ l`ftr fd;k x;k gS(
¼nks½ vU; n'kkvksa esa]jftVªkj ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ls dh tk,xh%
¼x½ eq[; dk;Zikyd vf/kdkjh ,sls dRrZO;ksa dk ikyu djsxk vkSj ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsxk tks fofgr dh tk,a-
fo'ks"k lk/kkj.k
lfEeyu-
50 ¼1½ lfefr] fdlh Hkh le;] lkslkbVh dk fo'ks"k lk/kkj.k lfEeyu cqyk ldsxh vkSj og jftLVªkj ds ;k lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds 1@10 lnL;ksa ls fyf[kr v/;is{kk izkIr gksus ds i'pkr~ ,d ekl ds Hkhrj ,slk lfEeyu cqyk;sxh-
¼2½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fufnZ"V dh xbZ v/;is{kk ds vuqlkj fdlh lkslkbVh dk fo'ks"k lk/kkj.k lfEeyu ugha cqyk;k tk; rks jftLVªkj ;k mlds }kjk bl laca/k esa izkf/kd`r fd;s x;s fdlh O;fDr dks ;g 'kfDr gksxh fd og ,slk lfEeyu cqyk;s vkSj ml lfEeyu ds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk;xk fd og lfefr }kjk
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cqyk;k x;k lfEeyu gS- ¼2&d½ tgka dksbZ ,slk vkfQlj] ftldk fd bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ;k mifof/k;ksa ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj ,slk lfEeyu cqykus dk dRrZO; Fkk] ;qfDr;qDr izfrgsrq ds fcuk ,slk lfEeyu cqykus esa pwd djs] ogka jftLVªkj] vkns'k }kjk] ,sls vkfQlj dks lfefr dk lnL; gksus ds fy, lkr o"kZ ls vuf/kd ,slh dkykof/k rd ds fy;s] ftls fd og ,sls vkns'k esa fofufnZ"V djs] fujfgZr ?kksf"kr dj ldsxk vkSj ml vkfQlj ij] ;fn og vkfQlj lkslkbVh dk deZpkjh gks] ,slh 'kkfLr vf/kjksfir dj ldsxk] ikap gtkj :i;s ls vf/kd u gksa%
ijUrq bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkns'k rc rd ugha fn;k tk;xk tc rd fd lacaf/kr O;fDr dks lquokbZ dk ;qfDr;qDr volj u ns fn;k x;k gks- ¼3½ fdlh fo'ks"k lk/kkj.k lfEeyu ds le{k ds fo"k;k sa esa] /kkjk 49 esa fofufnZ"V fd;s x;s leLr fo"k; ;k muesa ls dksbZ fo"k; lfEefyr gks ldsxk-
lkslkbVh dh
lfefr ;k
izfrfuf/k ;k
izR;k;qDr ds
fuokZpu esa
vH;FkhZ ;k
ernkrk gksus ds
fy, fujgZrk-
50&d ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr lfefr ds lnL;] izfrfuf/k ;k izR;k;qDr ds lnL; ds :Ik esa fuokZpu gsrq vH;FkhZ gksus ds fy, vfgZr ugha gksxk] ;fn og ml lkslkbVh ;k fdlh vU; lkslkbVh ds izfr] fdlh ,sls m/kkj ;k vfxze ds fy, tks mlus ,slh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :Ik esa fy;k gS] ckjg ekg ls vf/kd dkykof/k ds fy, O;frØeh jgrk gS-
¼1a&d½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] izfrfuf/k] izR;k;qDr ;k lfefr ds lnL; ds :Ik esa fuokZpu gsrq vH;FkhZ gksus ds fy;s vfgZr ugha gksxk] ;fn mldh nks ls vf/kd thfor larku gSa ftuesa ls ,d dk tUe 26 tuojh] 2001 dks ;k mlds i'pkr gqvk gks-
¼1&[k½ mi/kkjk ¼1&d½ esa mYysf[kr in ij fuokZfpr dksbZ O;fDr ,slk in /kkj.k djus ls fujfgZr gks tk,xk ;fn 26 tuojh] 2001 dks ;k mlds i'pkr~ ,d larku dk tUe gks tkrk gS ftlls mldh larku dh la[;k nks ls vf/kd gks tkrh gS-
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¼2½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr lfefr] lkslkbVh ds izfrfuf/k;ksa ;k izR;k;qDrksa ds fdlh fuokZpu esa er nsus ds fy, gdnkj ugha gksxk ;fn og ml lkslkbVh ;k fdlh vU; lkslkbVh ds izfr] fdlh ,sls m/kkj ;k vfxze ds fy, tks mlus ,slh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ds :Ik esa fy;k gS] ckjg ekl ls vf/kd dkykof/k ds fy, O;frØeh jgrk gS-
dk;ksZaa dk
fof/kekU;dj.k-
51 fdlh lkslkbVh ;k fdlh lfefr ;k fdlh vf/kdkjh dk dksbZ dk;Z dsoy bl dkj.k ls fd ml lkslkbVh ;k lfefr dh izfØ;k esa ;k mlds xBu esa ;k ,sls vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr ;k fuokZpu esa dksbZ =qfV fo|eku gSa] vFkok bl vk/kkj ij fd ,slk vf/kdkjh viuh fu;qfDr ds fy;s fujfgZr Fkk] vfof/kekU; ugha le>k tk,xk-
ljdkjh
ukefunsZf'kfr;ksa
dks fu;qDr
djus dh 'kfDr-
52 ¼1½ tgka jkT; ljdkj us-&
¼d½ fdlh lksslkbVh dh va'kiwath ds izfr vfHknk; fd;k gks( ;k
¼[k½ fdlh lkslkbVh dks va'kiwath dk xBu djus eas ;k mldh va'kiwath esa o`f} djus esa /kkjk 45 esa micaf/kr fd;s x;s vuqlkj ijr% lgk;rk dh gks( ;k
¼x½ ewy/ku ds izfrlank; dks rFkk fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s fMcsapjksa ij C;kt ds lank; dks izR;kHkwr fd;k gks( ;k
¼?k½ ewy/ku ds izfrlank; dks rFkk fdlh lkslkbVh dks fn;s x;s _.kksa rFkk vfxzeksa ij C;kt ds lnk; dks izR;kHkwr fd;k gks(
ogka jkT; ljdkj dks ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fufeRr fofufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh izkf/kdkjh dks ,slh lkslkbVh dh leLr lfefr;ksa esa ;k muesa ls fdlh lfefr esa pkj ls vuf/kd mrus O;fDr;ksa dks] ftrus fd og Bhd le>s] uke fufnZ"V djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk(
¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr esa ukefufnZ"V fd;k x;k dksbZ O;fDr ,slh dkykof/k ds fy, rFkk ,slh 'krksZa ij] tSlh dh fofgr dh tk;@tk;sa in /kkj.k djsxk-
¼3½ bl vf/kfu;e esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ,sls izR;sd O;fDr dks] ftls fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr esa mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ukefufnZ"V fd;k x;k gks]
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,slh lfefr esa ,d er nsus dk vf/kdkj gksxk% ijUrq ukefufnZ"V O;fDr lkslkbVh dh lfefr ds inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds fdlh fuokZpu esa er nsus dk gdnkj ugha gksxk-
¼4½ tc ljdkj us fdlh lkslkbVh dh va'kiwath esa vfHknk; fd;k gks ;k ml lkslkbVh dks rhu yk[k :i;s ;k mlls vf/kd ds fn;s x;s m/kkjksa rFkk vfxzeksa ds ewy/ku ds izfrlank; rFkk ml ij ds C;kt ds lank; dks izR;kHkwr fd;k gks vkSj lkslkbVh us vius LokfeRo dh iwath ds iPPkhl izfr'kr ;k mlls vf/kd dh gkfu mBkbZ gks] rks jkT; ljdkj bl vf/kfu;e] mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ;k lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu mlds }kjk ukefufnZ"V fd;s x;s lnL;ksa esa ls ,d lnL; dks lkslkbVh dh lfefr ds lHkkifr ds :Ik esa ukefufnZ"V dj ldsxh rFkk ukefufnZ"V fd, x;s lnL;ksa esa ls ,d dks lkslkbVh ds izca/k funs'kd@ egkizca/kd@izca/kd ds :Ik esa Hkh fu;qDr dj ldsxh- Lkfefr esa L=h
lnL;ksa dk
izfrfuf/kRo-
52&[k
;fn jkT; ljdkj dh jk; es ;g vko';d gks fd ,slh lkslkbVh dh ;k ,sls oxZ dh lkslkbVh;ksa dh] ftUgsa@ftls fd og ¼jkT; ljdkj½ lk/kkj.k ;k fo"ks'k vkns'k }kjk fofufnZ'V djsa] lfefr es L=h lnL;ksa dks i;kZIr izfrfuf/kRo fn;k tk, rks og ¼jkT; ljdkj½ ,slh lkslkbVh dks ;g funsZ'k ns ldsxh fd og viuh lfefr esa fL=;ksa ds fy, LFkku ds vkj{k.k dh O;oLFkk djsa%
ijUrq bl izdkj vkjf{kr j[ks x;s LFkkuksa dh la[;k ,sls lfefr esa pkj ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd lkslkbVh ds vius lfefr esa visf{kr la[;k esa L=h lnL; fuokZfpr djus esa vlQy jgus ls ;k ,slh la[;k ls de la[;k esa L=h lnL;ksa dks fuokZfpr djus dh n'kk esa] lfefr ds 'ks"k lnL;] ,slh lkslkbVh ds mu L=h lnL;ksa esa ls] tks ,sls izfrfuf/kRo ds gdnkj gSa] visf{kr la[;k esa L=h lnL;ksa dks lg;ksftr djsaxs vkSj visf{kr la[;k esa L=h lnL;ksa dks lg;ksftr djus esa lfefr ds vlQy jgus dh n'kk esa jftLVªkj ,slh lkslkbVh ds L=h lnL;ksa es ls] tks ,sls izfrfuf/kRo ds gdnkj gSa] visf{kr la[;k esa L=h lnL;ksa dks uke&funsZf'kr djsxkA
-67 -
lfefr dk vfr"Bku- 53 ¼1½ ;fn] jftLVªkj dh jk; esa] fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr]&
¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k ml lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa }kjk ;k muds v/khu ;k jftLVªkj }kjk ikfjr fd;s x;s fdlh fof/kiw.kZ vkns'k }kjk ml ij vf/kjksfir fd, x, dRrZO;ksa dk ikyu djus esa mis{kkoku gS ;k ,sls dRrZO;ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, jtkeUn ugha gS( ;k
¼[k½ ,sls dk;Z djrh gS tks ml lkslkbVh ;k mlds lnL;ksa ds fgr ds izfrdwy gaS( ;k
¼x½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ;k lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds mica/kksa dk ;k jftLVªkj }kjk ikfjr fdlh vkns'k dk vfrØe.k djrh gS(
rks jftLVªkj] fyf[kr vkns'k }kjk] ml lfefr dks gVk ldsxk vkSj ,slh fofufnZ"V dkykof/k ds fy,] tks izFker% nks o"kZ ls vf/kd ugh gksxh fdlh O;fDr ;k fdUgha O;fDr;ksa dks bl gsrq ls fu;qDr dj ldsxk fd os ml lkslkbVh ds dk;Zdykiksa dk izca/k djsa% ijUrq lgdkjh cSad ds ekeys esa] vfr"Bku dk vkns'k fjtoZ cSad ls iwoZ ijke'kZ fd;s fcuk ugha fn;k tk;sxk%
ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd ;fn dksbZ ,slh lalwpuk] ftlesa fd izLrkfor dk;Zokgh ds laca/k esa Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds fopkj vUrfoZ"V gksa] ml fuosnu ds] ftlesa fd ijke'kZ pkgk x;k gks] ml cSad dks izkIr gksus ds iSarkfyl fnu ds Hkhrj izkIr u gks] rks ;g mi/kkj.kk dh tk,xh fd Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad izLrkfor dk;Zokgh ls lger gS rFkk jftLVªkj ,slk vkns'k] tSlk fd mfpr le>k tk;] ikfjr djus ds fy, Lora= gksxk-
ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd lgdkjh cSad ds ekeys esa] ;fn fjtoZ cSad yksdfgr esa ,slk visf{kr djs ;k lgdkjh cSad ds fØ;kdykiksa dk ,slh jhfr esa lapkfyr fd;k tkuk fuokfjr djus ds fy, tks fu{ksidRrkZvksa ds fgrksa ds fy, vik;dj gks] ;k fdlh lgdkjh cSad
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dk izca/k mfpr jhfr esa fd;k tkuk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, jftLVªkj] mldh lfefr ;k izca/k fudk; ds] pkgs og fdlh Hkh uke ls tkuk tkrk gks] vfr"Bku ds fy, rFkk mlds fy, dqy feykdj ikap o"kZ ls vuf/kd ,slh dkykof/k ;k dkykof/k;ksa ds fy,] tks le;≤ ij fjtoZ cSad }kjk fufnZ"V dh tk;] iz'kkld dh fu;qfDr ds fy, vkns'k ikfjr djsxk vkSj ,slh fu;qfDr gksus ij mi/kkjk ¼4½] ¼5½] ¼6½ rFkk ¼8½ ds mica/kksa bl izdkj ykxw gksaxs ekuksa fd vkns'k mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ikfjr fd;s x;s gksa-
ijUrq ;g Hkh fd ;fn fdlh izkFkfed lkslkbVh dh lfefr esa fdlh v'kkldh; O;fDr dks fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS rks og ml lkslkbVh ds mu lnL;ksa esa ls gksxk tks ,sls izfrfuf/kRo ds gdnkj gSa vkSj dsUnzh; ;k 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh dh n'kk esa] ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ,slh lkslkbVh dh lfefr esa fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS rks og mldh lac) lkslkbfV;ksa esa ls fdlh lkslkbVh dk ,slk lnL; gksxk tks ,sls izfrfuf/kRo ds fy, gdnkj gks-
¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ Hkh vkns'k rc rd ikfjr ugh fd;k tk;sxk tc rd fd ml lfefr dks
vfHkdFkuksa] nLrkostksa rFkk mlds fo:) yxk, x, vkjksiksa ds leFkZu esa lkf{k;ksa dh ,d lwph rFkk izLFkkfir vkns'k ds fo:} dkj.k n'kkZus dk ;qfDr;qDr volj u ns fn;k x;k gks vkSj mlds }kjk fd, x, vH;kosnu ij] ;fn dksbZ gks] fopkj u dj fy;k x;k gks-
¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkns'k esa fofufnZ"V dh xbZ dkykof/k] jftLVªkj ds foosdkuqlkj] le;≤ ij c<+kbZ tk ldsxh-
ijUrq dksbZ Hkh ,slk vkns'k dqy feykdj rhu o"kZ ls vf/kd ds fy, izo`Rr ugha jgsxk- ¼4½ bl izdkj fu;qDr fd, x, O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa dks] jftLVªkj ds fu;a=.k ds rFkk ,sls vuqns'kksa ds] tks og le;≤ ij ns] v/;/khu jgrs gq,] lfefr dh ;k lkslkbVh ds fdlh vf/kdkjh dks leLr 'kfDr;ksa dk ;k muesa ls fdlh 'kfDr dk iz;ksx djus rFkk mlds leLr d``R;ksa ;k muesa ls fdlh d`R; dk fuoZgu djus vkSj leLr ,slh dk;Zokfg;ka] tks lkslkbVh ds fgr esa visf{kr gSa] djus dh 'kfDr gksxh-
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¼5½ jftLVªkj og ikfjJfed fu;r dj ldsxk tks bl izdkj fu;qDr fd;s x;s O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa dks ns; gksa] ,sls ikfjJfed dh jde rFkk ml lkslkbVh ds izcU/k esa fd;s x;s vU; [kpsZ ;fn dksbZ gks] mldh fuf/k;ksa esa ls ns; gksaxs-
¼6½ bl izdkj fu;qDr fd;k x;k@fd;s x;s O;fDr] viuh fu;qfDr dh dkykof/k dk volku gks tkus ds iwoZ ml lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj uohu lfefr ds xBu ds fy, O;oLFkk djsxk@djsaxs-
¼7½ fdlh foRrnk;h cSad ds laca/k esa ;k fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh] tks fdlh foRrnk;h cSad dh _.kh gks] ds laca/k esa mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dkjZokbZ djus ds iwoZ] jftLVªkj] iwoZdfFkr ekeys esa] NRrhlx<+ jkT; lgdkjh cSad e;kZfnr ls vkSj] i'pkr~ dfFkr ekeys esa] lacaf/kr foRrnk;h cSad ls ,slh dk;Zokgh ds laca/k esa ijke'kZ djsxk- ;fn ;FkkfLFkfr] NRrhlx<+ jkT; lgdkjh cSad e;kZfnr ;k foRrnk;h cSad vius fopkj ml fuosnu ds] ftlesa fd ijke'kZ pkgk x;k gks] ,sls cSad dks izkIr gksus ds iSarkfyl fnu ds Hkhrj lalwfpr u djs] rks ;g mi/kkj.kk dh tk;xh fd ;FkkfLFkfr NRrhlx<+ jkT; lgdkjh cSad e;kZfnr ;k lacaf/kr foRrnk;h cSad izLrkfor dkjZokbZ ls lger gS-
¼8½ /kkjk 48] 49 rFkk 50 esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ;fn fdlh ekeys esa lkslkbVh ds lk/kkj.k fudk; rFkk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;s x;s O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa ds chp dksbZ erHksn gks rks og ekeyk fofu'p; ds fy, jftLVªkj dks funsZf'kr fd;k tk;xk vkSj ml ij mldk fofu'p; vfUre gksxk% ijUrq ;fn jftLVªkj] lk/kkj.k fudk; ds
lfEeyu ds rhu ekl ds Hkhrj dksbZ fofu'p; djus esa vlQy jgrk gS rks lkslkbVh ds lk/kkj.k fudk; dk fofu'p; vfUre gksxk-
¼9½ bl /kkjk esa dh fdlh ckr ds laca/k esa ;g ugha le>k tk;xk fd og lkslkbVh ds ifjlekiu dk funs'k nsus dh jftLVªkj dh 'kfDr ij izHkko Mkyrh gS- ¼10½ lwpuk ds tkjh fd;s tkus rFkk lfefr dks gVk;s tkus ds vkns'k ikfjr fd;s tkus ds chp dh dkykof/k ds nkSjku] jftLVªkj }kjk lfefr ls ;g vis{kk dh tk ldsxh fd og ,sls izkf/kdkjh ds] ftls fd jftLVªkj bl fufeRr fofufnZ"V djsa] i;Zos{k.k ds v/khu rFkk mlds vuqeksnu ls d`R; djs vkSj lfefr }kjk fd;k x;k dksbZ Hkh vkns'k ;k ikfjr fd;k x;k ladYi ;k fd;k x;k dksbZ vU; dk;Z rc rd izHkkoh ugha gksxk
-70 -
tc rd fd og ,sls fofufnZZ"V izkf/kdkjh }kjk vuqeksfnr u dj fn;k tk;(
ijUrq tgka mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dkjZokbZ djus ds fy, vxzlj gksrs gq, jftLVªkj dh ;g jk; gks fd dk;Zokgh dh dkykof/k ds nkSjku lfefr dk fuyacu lkslkbVh ds fgr esa vko';d gS] rks og lfefr dks fuyafcr dj ldsxk] tks ¼lfefr½ rnqijkar dk;Z djus ls ifjfojr gks tk;xh] vkSj ,slk bUrtke dj ldsxk tSlk fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dk;Zokgh iwjh gksus rFkk vkns'k tkjh gksus rd lkslkbVh ds dkedkt ds izca/k ds fy, og mfpr le>s%
ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd fuyEcu dh dkykof/k Ng ekl ls vf/kd ugha gksxh vkSj mDr dkykof/k dk volku gks tkus ij lfefr dk fuyEcu izfrlag`r gks tk;xk(
ijUrq ;g Hkh fd ;fn bl izdkj fuyfEcr
lfefr dk vfr"Bku Åij of.kZr dk;Zokfg;ksa ds fd, tkus ds i'pkr~ ugha fd;k tkrk rks mls iqu% LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk vkSj ml dkykof/k dh] ftlds nkSjku og fuyfEcr jgh gS] x.kuk mlds dk;Zdky ds izfr ugha dh tk,xh-
ijUrq ;g Hkh fd dksbZ fuyEcu vkns'k rc rd ugha fd;k tk,xk tc rd fd lkslkbVh dh lfefr dks lqus tkus dk ;qfDr;qDr volj u ns fn;k x;k gks- ¼11½ bl vf/kfu;e esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] jftLVªkj] dsUnzh; lgdkjh cSadksa] uxjh; lgdkjh cSadksa rFkk ftyk lgdkjh d̀f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSadksa ds ekeys esa] ;fn fujUrj rhu foRrh; o"kksZa esa olwyh ekax ds 60 izfr'kr ls de gS ;k vfr'kks/; ¼vksojM~;wt½ 40 izfr'kr ls vf/kd gS] ml cSad dh lfefr ;k izcU/k lfefr ds] pkgs og fdlh Hkh uke ls iqdkjh tkrh gks] gVk;s tkus ds fy, rFkk dqy feykdj ikap o"kZ ds vuf/kd ,slh dkykof/k ;k dkykof/k;ksa ds fy,] tSlh fd jftLVªkj }kjk fofufnZ"V dh tk;] mlds gsrq fdlh iz'kkld dh fu;qfDr ds fy, vkns'k nsxk rFkk ,slh fu;qfDr gksus ij mi/kkjk ¼4½] ¼5½ rFkk ¼6½ ds mica/k bl izdkj ykxw gksaxs ekuksa fd vkns'k mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;k x;k Fkk%
ijUrq dksbZ Hkh ,slk vkns'k rc rd ugha fd;k tk;sxk tc rd fd lfefr dks izLFkkfir vkns'k ds
-71 -
fo:) dkj.k n'kkZus dk ;qfDr;qDr volj u ns fn;k x;k gks vkSj mlds }kjk fd;s x;s vH;kosnu ij] ;fn dksbZ gks] fopkj u dj fy;k x;k gks- ¼12½ tc fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr dks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vfrf"Br dj fn;k x;k gS rks ml lfefr dk dksbZ lnL;] bl vf/kfu;e] mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ;k ml lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh lkr o"kZ dh dkykof/k rd ml lkslkbVh dh lfefr ds lnL; ds :Ik esa fuokZpu yM+us ds fy, ik= ugha gksxk vkSj u gh mlesa lg;kstu ;k ukefunsZ'ku ds fy, ik= gksxk( ijUrq bl mi/kkjk dh dksbZ Hkh ckr fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr ds lnL; dks ykxw ugha gksxh tks fd lfefr ds ,sls fofu'p; dk ftlls mldk vf/kØe.k gqvk gks i{kdkj ugha Fkk-
¼13½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa ;k fdlh lkslkbVh dh] mifof/k;ksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ;fn fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr fdlh U;k;ky; ds vkns'k ds dkj.k ;k vU;Fkk dk;Z djus ls ifjfojr gks tk;] rks jftLVªkj ml le; rd ds fy;s fdlh O;fDr dks ;k O;fDr;ksa dh lfefr dks vLFkk;h :Ik ls fu;qDr dj ldsxk tc rd fd U;k;ky; dk vkns'k ckfry u dj fn;k tk; ;k uohu fuokZpu u gks tk; rFkk lfefr dk;ZHkkj xzg.k u dj ysa- dk;Z Hkkj xzg.k
fd;k tkuk-
53&d ¼1½ ;fn]&
¼,d½ fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr] /kkjk 49 ds v/khu lkslkbVh ds lk/kkj.k lfEeyu esa iquxZfBr dh tkrh gS( ;k
¼nks½ fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr ds dk;Zdky dk /kkjk 49 dh mi/kkjk ¼7&d½ ds v/khu
volku gks tkrh gS( ;k
¼rhu½ fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr] /kkjk 53 ds v/khu gVk nh tkrh gS ;k fuyafcr dj nh tkrh gS ;k d`R; djus ls ifjfojr gks tkrh gS( ;k
¼pkj½ lkslkbVh dh /kkjk 69 ds v/khu ifjlekiu fd;s tkus dk vkns'k fd;k tkrk gS]
rks ;FkkfLFkfr lfefr lkslkbVh dk dk;ZHkkj izkIr djus dk gdnkj O;fDr ;k O;fDrx.k }kjk dk;ZHkkj-& ¼d½ Åij ¼,d½ dh n'kk esa] lk/kkj.k
lfEeyu esa lfefr ds fuokZpu dh
rkjh[k ls(
-72 -
¼[k½ Åij ¼nks½ dh n'kk esa] /kkjk 49 dh mi/kkjk ¼7&d½ ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk tkjh vkns'k dh rkjh[k ls% ¼x½ Åij ¼rhu½ dh n'kk esa] jftLV ªkj ds ml vkns'k dh rkjh[k ls ftlds }kjk mls@mUgsa lkslkbVh ds dk;Zdykiksa dk izca/k djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS( vkSj
¼?k½ Åij ¼pkj½ dh n'kk esa] jftLVªkj ds ml vkns'k dh rkjh[k ls ftlds }kjk ifjlekid fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS%
xzg.k djsxk@djsaxs vkSj lfefr ds cfgxkZeh lnL;ksa ds fy;s ;g vkc)dj gksxk fd os lkslkbVh ds vfHkys[kksa vkSj lEifRr dk izHkkj] ,sls dk;ZHkkj xzg.k djus okys O;fDr;ksa dks blesa micaf/kr rkjh[k dks lkSai nsa- ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ;FkkfLFkfr lfefr ;k lkslkbVh dk dk;ZHkkj izkIr djus ds fy, gdnkj O;fDr ds laca/k esa ;g le>k tk;xk fd mlus vius in dk dk;ZHkkj mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa of.kZr rkjh[k ls xzg.k dj fy;k gS] pkgs ,slk dk;ZHkkj oLrqr% lkSaik x;k gks ;k u lkSaik x;k gks-
dfri;
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
fdlh lkslkbVh
ds fdlh
vf/kdkjh dks
gVkus dh
jftLVªkj dh
'kfDr-
53&[k ¼1½ ;fn jftLVªkj dh jk; esa] lgdkjh lkslkbVh ds fdlh vf/kdkjh us bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ;k fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa }kjk muds@mlds v/khu vf/kjksfir fd;s x;s vius dRrZO;ksa ds fuoZgu esa ?kksj mis{kk dh gS ;k vius diViw.kZ dk;Z }kjk lkslkbVh dks foRrh; gkfu igqapkbZ gS] rks jftLVªkj] fdlh Hkh ,slh vU; dk;ZokbZ ij] tks fd mlds fo:) dh tk; ;k dh tk ldrh gks] izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] lkslk;Vh ls vis{kk dj ldsxk fd og ,sls vf/kdkjh dks mlds }kjk /kkfjr in ls fdlh fofufnZV dkykof/k ls gVk ns vkSj tgka vko';d gks 'ogka ls ml lkslk;Vh ds v/khu dksbZ in /kkj.k djus ds fy;s rshu o"kZ ls vukf/kd dkykof/k ds fy;s fugfjZr dj ns] rnUrj lkslk;Vh laca/kh vf/kdkjh dks lkslk;Vh lacaf/kr vf/kdkjh dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr~ ,sls vkns'k ikfjr djsxh tSls fd og mfpr le>s-
¼2½ Lkslk;Vh }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dk;Zokgh u fd tkus ij] jftLVªkj ml vf/kdkjh dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i'pkr rFkk ,sls dkj.kksa ls] tks fd vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tk;sxs ,oa lacaf/kr vf/kdkjh ,oa lkslk;Vh dks lalwfpr fd;s tk;sxs] ml vf/kdkjh dks gVk ldsxk ;k gVkus ds lkFk gh lkFk ml vkns'k esa
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fofufnZ"V dh x;h dkykof/k rd ds fy;s ml lkslk;Vh ds v/khu dksbZ ij /kkj.k djus ds fy;s rhu o"kZ ls vuf/kr dkykof/k rd ds fy;s fujfgZr dj ldsxk- ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu gVk;k x;k vf/kdkjh ml vkns'k ds lalwfpr fd, tkus dh rkjh[k ls ml in dk /kkj.kdŸkkZ ugha jg tk,xk vkSj ;fn og fujfgZr dj fn;k x;k gks rks og bl ckr ds fy, ik= ugha gksxk fd og ml vkns'k esa fofufnZ"V dh dkbZ dkykof/k ds nkSjku ml lkslkbVh ds v/khu dksbZ in /kkj.k djsaA
izca/kdksa] lfpoksa
rFkk vU;
vf/kdkfj;ksa dh
fu;qfDr-
54- ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh lkslkbVh fdlh izca/kd] lfpo] ys[kkiky ;k fdlh Hkh vU; oS/kkfud vf/kdkjh dks rc rd fu;qDr ugha djsxh tc rd fd og ,slh vgZrk,a u /kkj.k djrk gks tSlh fd fofgr dh tk;a-
¼2½ 'kh"kZ lkslkbfV;ka rFkk dsUnzh; lkslkbfV;ka vkfQljksa rFkk vU; lsodksa ds ,sls laoxZ ¼dkMj½ cuk;s j[ksaxh ftldk fd jkT; ljdkj] vkns'k }kjk] funs'k ns vkSj ,sls laoxZ ds lnL;ksa dh lsok dh 'krsaZ ,slh gksaxh tSlh fd jftLVªkj] vkns'k }kjk vo/kkfjr djs-
¼3½ jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk] mu lkslkbfV;ksa ds oxZ dks fofufnZ"V dj ldsxh tks fd mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu 'kh"kZ lkslkbfV;ksa ;k dsUnzh; lkslkbfV;ksa }kjk cuk;s x;s ,sls laoxksZa esa ls] tSls fd mlesa ¼vf/klwpuk esa½ fofufnZ"V fd;s tk;a] vkfQljksa dks fu;ksftr djsaxh vkSj mu lkslkbfV;ksa ds oxZ ds fy, ;g ck/;rkdkjh gksxk fd og ,sls laoxZ ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks tc dHkh 'kh"kZ ;k dsUnzh; lkslkbfV;ksa }kjk mUgsa izfrfu;qDr fd;k tk;] Lohdkj djs rFkk mUgas mu laoxZ inksa ij fu;qDr djsa-
lkslkbfV;ksa esa
ds fu;kstuksa dh
'krksZa dk
vo/kkj.k djus
dh jftLVªkj
dh 'kfDr-
55 ¼1½ jftLVªkj fdlh lkslkbVh esa ds ;k fdlh oxZ dh lkslkbfV;ksa esa ds fu;kstu ds fucU/kuksa rFkk 'krksaZ dks 'kkflr djus okys fu;e le;≤ ij cuk ldsxk vkSj og lkslkbVh ;k ml oxZ dh lkslkbfV;ka ftudks@ ftldks fd fu;kstu ds ,sls fuca/ku rFkk 'krsZa ykxw gksrh gksa] ml vkns'k dk ikyu djsaxh@djsxh tks fd ml laca/k esa jftLVªkj }kjk tkjh fd;k tk;- ¼2½ tgka dksbZ ,slk fookn] ftlesa fu;kstu] ds fuca/kuksa] dkedkt dh 'krsZa rFkk fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk dh xbZ vuq'kklfud dk;Zokgh ls lacaf/kr fookn gS] fdlh lkslkbVh rFkk mlds deZpkfj;ksa ds chp mBs] ogka ml fookn dk fofu'p; jftLVªkj ;k ,sls fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh }kjk] tks lgk;d jftLVªkj ls fuEu in Js.kh dk u gks] fd;k tk;xk vkSj mldk fofu'p; ml
-74 -
lkslkbVh rFkk mlds deZpkfj;ksa dks vkc)dj gksxk- ijUrq jftLVªkj ;k Åij fufnZ"V fd;k x;k vf/kdkjh ml fookn dks rc rd xzg.k ugha djsxk tc rd fd og ¼fookn½ ml vkns'k dks] ftldk fd vk{ksi fd;k tkuk pkgk x;k gS] rkjh[k ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj mlds le{k is'k u fd;k tk;%
ijUrq ;g vkSj fd iwoZorhZ ijUrqd ds v/khu ifjlhek dky dh lax.kuk djus esa] vkns'k dh izfrfyfi vfHkizkIr djus ds fy;s visf{kr le; vioftZr dj fn;k tk;sxk-
ck/;rk dk
ikyu djkus dh
jftLVªkj dh
'kfDr-
56 ¼1½ izR;sd lkslkbVh ,sls vfHkys[k] jftLVj rFkk ys[kk&iqLrdsa cuk;s j[ksxh rFkk jftLVªkj dks ,slh tkudkjh rFkk ,slh foojf.k;ka nsxh ftudh fd mlds }kjk le;≤ ij vis{kk dh tk;-
¼2½ izR;sd lkslkbVh fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k deZpkjh ij bl ckr dk fofufnZ"V mRrjnkf;Ro fujksfir djsxh fd og ,sls vfHkys[k] jftLVj rFkk ys[kk&iqLrdsa cuk;s j[ks vkSj jftLVªkj dks ,slh tkudkjh rFkk ,slh foojf.k;ka] tSlh fd jftLVªkj vkns'k }kjk le;≤ ij visf{kr djs] ,sls vkns'k esa fofufnZ"V dh xbZ dkykof/k ds Hkhrj nsa-
¼3½ ;fn lkslkbVh dk dksbZ ,slk vf/kdkjh ;k deZpkjh] ftl ij fd fofufnZ"V mRrjnkf;Ro mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fujksfir fd;k x;k gks] vfHkys[k] jftLVj rFkk ys[kk&iqLrdsa ugha cuk;s j[krk gS vkSj jftLVªkj dks ,slh tkudkjh rFkk ,slh foojf.k;ka] tSlh fd jftLVªkj vis{kk djs] fofufnZ"V le; ds Hkhrj ugha nsrk gS] rks jftLVªkj vkns'k }kjk] ,sls vf/kdkjh ds ckjs esa ;g ?kksf"kr dj ldsxk fd og rhu o"kZ ls vuf/kd ,slh dkykof/k ds nkSjku tSlh fd og ,sls vkns'k esa fofufnZ"V djsa] lfefr dk lnL; gksus ds fy, fujfgZr jgsxk vkSj ;fn og vf/kdkjh lkslkbVh dk deZpkjh gS rks ml ij ,slh 'kkfLr tks ikap gtkj :i;s ls vf/kd u gks] vf/kjksfir dj ldsxk%
ijUrq bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ Hkh vkns'k rc rd ugha fd;k tk;xk tc rd fd lacaf/kr O;fDr dks lquokbZ dk ;qfDr;qDr volj u ns fn;k tk;-
-75 -
vfHkys[kksa vkfn ds vfHkxzg.k djus dh
jftLVªkj dh
'kfDr-
57 ¼1½ tgka jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tk; fd-& ¼d½ fdlh lkslkbVh ds vfHkys[kksa] jftLVjksa ;k ys[kk&iqLrdksa dk fcxkM+k tkuk ;k u"V fd;k tkuk laHkkO; gS rFkk fdlh lkslkbVh dh fuf/k;ksa ,oa laifRr dk nqfoZfu;ksx ;k nq:i;kstu fd;k tkuk laHkkO; gS( ;k
¼[k½ ml n'kk esa] tc fd fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr ml lkslkbVh ds lk/kkj.k vf/kos'ku esa iquxZfBr dh xbZ gks vFkok lkslkbVh dh lfefr jftLVªkj }kjk /kkjk 53 ds v/khu gVk nh xbZ gks vFkok /kkjk 69 ds v/khu lkslkbVh dk lekiu dj fn;k tkus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k gks] lfefr ds cfgxkZeh lnL; lkslkbVh ds vfHkys[k rFkk mldh laifRr dk Hkkj mu O;fDr;ksa dks] ftUgsa fd ,slk Hkkj ysuk gks ;k tks ,slk Hkkj izkIr djus ds fy, gdnkj gS] lkSaius ls bUdkj djrs gSa(
ogka jftLVªkj ml O;fDr dks] tks fd mlds }kjk fyf[kr esa lE;d:is.k izkf/kd`r fd;k x;k gks ml lkslkbVh dh ,slh iqLrdksa rFkk vfHkys[kksa] fuf/k;ksa ,oa lEifRr dks vfHkxzfgr djus rFkk dCts esa ysus dk funs'k nsrs gq,] vkns'k tkjh dj ldsxk vkSj ml lkslkbVh dk og vf/kdkjh ;k tks ,slh iqLrdksa] vfHkys[kksa] fuf/k;ksa rFkk laifRr dh vfHkj{kk ds fy, mRrjnk;h gksa] mudk ifjnku ml O;fDr dks] tks bl izdkj izkf/kd`r fd;k x;k gks] dj nsxk@nsaxs- ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu vkns'kksa dk vuqikyu lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,] jftLVªkj ,slh dk;Zokgh dj ldsxk ;k djok ldsxk vkSj iqfyl cy dks lfEefyr djrs gq,] ,sls U;wure cy dk mi;ksx dj ldsxk ;k djok ldsxk tSlk fd vko';d le>k tk;-
vfHkys[k rFkk
laifRr dk
dCtk ysuk-
57&d ¼1½ tgka jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tk; fd fdlh lkslkbVh dh iqLrdksa rFkk vfHkys[kksa dk nck fn;k tkuk] fcxkM+k tkuk ;k u"V fd;k tkuk] ;k fdlh lkslkbVh dh fuf/k;ksa rFkk laifRr dk nqfoZfu;ksx ;k nq:i;kstu fd;k tkuk laHkkO; gS] ogka jftLVªkj ;k mlds }kjk izkf/kdr̀ fd;k x;k O;fDr ml dk;Zikyd eftLVªsV dks] ftldh fd vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj lkslkbVh dk;Z dj jgh gks] lkslkbVh ds vfHkys[kksa rFkk laifRr dk vfHkxzg.k djus rFkk dCtk ysus ds fy, vkosnu dj ldsxk-
-76 -
¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkosnu&i= izkIr gksus ij] og eftLVªsV mi&fujh{kd dh in Js.kh ls vfuEu Ikn Js.kh ds fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks bl ckr ds fy, izkf/kd`r dj ldsxk fd og fdlh ,sls LFkku esa] tgka fd os vfHkys[k rFkk lEifRr j[kh gqbZ gks ;k tgka fd mu vfHkys[kksa rFkk lEifRr dk j[kk tkuk laHkkO; gks] izos'k djs] vkSj mldh ryk'kh ys rFkk mudk vfHkxzg.k djds mudk dCtk ;FkkfLFkfr jftLVªkj ;k mlds }kjk izkf/kd`r fd;s x;s O;fDr dks lkSai ns- NBoka v/;k; & laijh{kk] tkap] fujh{k.k rFkk i;Zos{k.k laijh{kk rFkk
laijh{kk Qhl-
58 ¼1½ jftLVªkj izR;sd o"kZ de ls de ,d ckj izR;sd lkslkbVh ds ys[kkvksa dh laijh{kk djsxk ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr }kjk] ftls mlus] lk/kkj.kr;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk] fyf[kr esa bl fufeRr izkf/kd`r fd;k gks]
-77 -
djok;sxk vkSj ,slh lkslkbVh ls ,slh Qhl olwy djsxk tks fd fofgr dh tk; (
ijUrq-&
¼,d½ jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk] mlesa fofufnZ"V fd;s tkus okys dkj.kksa ls] lkslkbfV;ksa ds fdlh oxZ dks NwV ns ldsxh(
¼nks½ jftLVªkj] ys[kc) fd;s tkus okys dkj.kksa ls] fdlh lkslkbVh dks bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu Qhl ;k mlds Hkkx ds Hkqxrku ls NwV ns ldsxk-
ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd dksbZ dsUnzh; lkslkbVh ;k dksbZ 'kh"kZ lkslkbVh ;k dksbZ uxjh; lgdkjh cSad vius ys[kkvksa dh laijh{kk] jftLVªkj }kjk vuqeksfnr pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV ls djok ldsxh-
ijUrq ;g Hkh fd ;fn ogka laijh{kk fjiksVZ iw.kZ gksus ;k tkjh gksus ds i'pkr~] dksbZ foRrh; vfu;ferrk ;k xcu dh f'kdk;r gksrh gS rks jftLVªkj] bl iz;kstu ds fy, fo'ks"k laijh{kk gsrq vkns'k ns ldsxk- ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dh laijh{kk esa ys[kkvksa dh rFkk vfr'kks/; _.kksa dh] ;fn dksbZ gks] ijh{kk] jftLVªkj }kjk bl vf/kfu;e] mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa vkSj lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu fn, x, vuqns'kksa rFkk vkns'kksa dk vuqikyu dh ijh{kk jksdM+ ckdh rFkk izfrHkwfr;ksa dk lR;kiu rFkk lkslkbfV;ksa dh vkfLr;ksa rFkk nkf;Roksa dk ewY;kadu ,oa ,slh vU; ensa tks fd jftLVªkj }kjk fofufnZ"V dh tk,a] lfEefyr gSa- ¼3½ jftLVªkj ;k izkf/kdr̀ O;fDr dh leLr le;ksa ij lkslkbVh dh ;k mldh vfHkj{kk esa dh leLr iqLrdksa] ys[kkvksa] nLrkostksa] dkxt&Ik=ksa] izfrHkwfr;ksa] jksdM+ rFkk vU; lEifRr;ksa rd igqap gksxh vkSj fdlh Hkh ,sls O;fDr dks] ftlds fd dCts esa dksbZ ,sls iqLrd] ys[ks] nLrkostsa] dkxt&i=] izfrHkwfr;ka] jksdM+ ;k vU; lEifRr;ka gks] ;k tks mudh vfHkj{kk ds fy, mRrjnk;h gks] mUgsa ml lkslkbVh ds eq[;ky; ds ;k mldh fdlh 'kk[kk ij ds fdlh LFkku ij is'k djus ds fy, leu dj ldsxk-
-78 -
¼4½ izR;sd ,slk O;fDr] tks fdlh lkslkbVh dk vf/kdkjh ;k deZpkjh gks vFkok fdlh le; jg pqdk gks] rFkk fdlh lkslkbVh dk izR;sd lnL; rFkk HkwriwoZ lnL; ml lkslkbVh ds laO;ogkjksa ,oa dk;Zdj.k ds ckjs esa ,slh tkudkjh nsxk tSlh dh jftLVªkj ;k mlds }kjk izkf/kd`r fd;k x;k O;fDr fd;k visf{kr djs- laijh{kk cksMZ- 58&d fdlh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa ds oXkZ dh laijh{kk rFkk mlds Ik;Zos{k.k dk lapkyu djus ds iz;kstu ls] jkT; ljdkj ,d laijh{kk cksMZ dk xBu dj ldsxh
tks jftLVªkj dh ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj ldsxk ftls jkT; ljdkj vf/klwpuk }kjk bl fufeÙk
fofufnZ"V djs vkSj bu 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx laijh{kk cksMZ] jftLVªkj dks vioftZr djrs gq, djsxk-
fdlh lkslkbVh
dks gq, uqdlku
dks iwjk djus
ds fy, izfØ;k-
58&[k ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eksa esa ;k fdlh lkslkbVh dh mi fof/k;ksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka mldh va'kiwath esa jkT; ljdkj us vfHknk; fd;k gS
;k m/kkj ;k foÙkh; lgk;rk nh gS ;k fdlh vU; :i
esa fn, x, m/kkjksa] fMcsapjksa ;k vfxzeksa ds izfrnk; dh izR;kHkwfr nh gS ;k fdlh vU; :i esa vuqnku fn;k gS vkSj ;fn fdlh lkslkbVh dh laijh{kk] tkap] fujh{k.k ;k ifjlekiu ds nkSjku ;k vU;Fkk ;g ik;k tk, fd
fdlh ,sls O;fDr us] ftls ,slh lkslkbVh ds laxBu ;k izca/k dk dk;Z lkSaik x;k gS] ;k lkSaik x;k Fkk] ;k lfefr ds fdlh e`r] HkwriwoZ ;k orZeku lHkkifr]
lfpo] lnL;] lkslkbVh ds vf/kdkjh ;k deZpkjh us
bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ds ;k fdlh lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds mica/kksa ds
izfrdwy dksbZ Hkqxrku fd;k gS ;k ?kksj mis{kk ;k
vopkj }kjk dksbZ deh ?kfVr dh gS ;k dksbZ gkfu
igqapkbZ gS ;k ,slh lkslkbVh ds fdlh /ku ;k vU;
laifÙk dk nqfoZfu;ksx fd;k gS ;k ml /ku ;k vU;
lEifÙk dks diViwoZd j[k NksM+k gS] rks jftLVªkj
Loizsj.kk ls ;k lfefr] lekid ;k fdlh ysunkj dk
vkosnu i= izkIr gksus ij ,sls O;fDr ds vkpj.k dh
tkap ;FkkfLFkfr] laijh{kk] tkap ;k fujh{k.k dh fjiksVZ dh rkjh[k ds nks o"kZ ds Hkhrj Lo;a dj ldsxk ;k
vius }kjk izkf/kdr̀ fd;s x;s fdlh O;fDr dks bl
laca/k esa fyf[kr vkns'k }kjk ;g funs'k ns ldsxk fd og ,sls O;fDr ds vkpj.k dh tkap] ;FkkfLFkfr
laijh{kk] tkap ;k fujh{k.k ;k ifjlekiu dh fjiksVZ dh rkjh[k ds nks o"kZ ds Hkhrj djs%
-79 -
ijUrq fdlh O;fDr ds fo:) ,slh tkap rc rd lafLFkr ugh dh tk,xh tc rd fd lacaf/kr O;fDr dks lquokbZ dk ;qfDr;qDr volj u ns fn;k x;k gks- ¼2½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dh xbZ tkap ij] jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tk, fd bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu vkns'k nsus ds fy, i;kZIr vk/kkj gS rks og] ,sls O;fDr ls ;k] fdlh er̀ O;fDr dh n'kk esa] mlds fof/kd izfrfuf/k ls tks fd mldh lEink fojklr esa izkIr djs] ;g vis{kk djrs gq, vkns'k dj ldsxk fd og ,slh nj ls] tSlh fd jftLVªkj U;k;laxr rFkk lE;d~ le>sa] laxf.kr fd;s x;s C;kt lfgr ml /ku ;k laifÙk ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dk izfrlank; ;k izR;korZu djs ;k vfHknk; [kpksZ dk izfrdj ;k Hkqxrku ,slh lhek rd djs tSlh fd jftLVªkj U;k;laxr rFkk lkfE;d~ le>sa%
ijUrq bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ Hkh vkns'k rc rd ugh fn;k tk,xk tc rd fd lacaf/kr O;fDr dks ml ekeys esa lqus tkus dk ;qfDr;qDr volj u ns fn;k tk;%
ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd e`rd ds fdlh fof/kd izfrfuf/k dk nkf;Ro èrd dh ml lEifÙk] tks fd ,sls fof/kd izfrfuf/k ds gkFk esa vkbZ gks] dh lhek rd gh gksxk-
¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fd, x, fdlh vkns'k ls O;fFkr dksbZ Hkh O;fDr mls vkns'k lalwfpr fd, tkus dh rkjh[k ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj vf/kdj.k dks jkT; ljdkj dks vihy dj ldsxk%
ijUrq ifjlhekdky dh lax.kuk djus esa] ml vkns'k dh] ftlds fo:) vihy dh xbZ gS] izfrfyfi vfHkizkIr djus ds fy, visf{kr le; vioftZr dj fn;k tk,xk-
¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ;k mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu fd;k x;k dksbZ vkns'k /kkjk 85 ds mica/kksa ds vuqlkj izofrZr fd;k tk,xk-
¼5½ ;fn 'kiFk i= ;k tkap ds vk/kkj ij ;k vU;Fkk jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tkrk gS fd dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,sls vkns'k ds] tks bl /kkjk ds v/khu mlds fo:) fd;k tk ldrk gS] izorZu esa foyEc djus ;k ck/kk igqapkus ds vk'k; ls-&
-80 -
¼d½ viuh lEiw.kZ laifÙk ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks O;;fur djus okyk gS( ;k
¼[k½ viuh laiw.kZ laifÙk ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks jftLVªkj dh vf/kdkfjrk ls gVkus okyk gS- rks og] tc rd fd Ik;kZIr izfrHkwfr u ns nh xbZ gks] mDr laifÙk dh ;k mlds ,sls Hkkx dh] ftls og vko';d le>s] l'krZ dqdhZ dk funsZ'k ns ldsxk- tkap- 59 ¼1½ jftLVªkj-&
¼,d½ fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh] ftlls fd lkslkbVh lac) gS( ;k
¼nks½ fdlh ,sls ysunkj] ftldh lkslkbVh _.kh gS( ;k ¼rhu½ lfefr ds de ls de ,d&frgkbZ lnL;ksa( ;k ¼pkj½ lkslkbVh ds lnL;ksa dh dqy la[;k ds de ls de ,d&n'keka'k lnL;kaas(
ds vkosnu ij ;k vkosnu i= esa mBk, x, lkslkbVh ds xBu] dk;Zdj.k vkSj foRrh; fLFkfr ds laca/k esa fofufnZ"V fo"k;ksa ds ckjs esa tkap dj ldsxk ;k tkap djok ldsxk-
¼2½ jftLVªkj] vkosnd ;k vkosndksa ls dsoy ,slh Qhl] tks fofgr dh tk, vkSj tks tkap dks lapkfyr djus ds [kpZ dh iwfrZ ds fy, i;kZIr le>h tk,] izkIr gksus ds i'pkr~ gh fdlh tkap ds vkns'k djsxk- ¼3½ ,slh tkap] tkap ds vkns'k gksus dh rkjh[k ls pkj ekl dh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj iwjh dh tk,xh-
¼4½ jftLVªkj] tkap iwjh gksus dh rkjh[k ls ,d ekl dh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj] tkap dh fjiksVZ-&
¼,d½ lacaf/kr lkslkbVh dks(
¼nks½ vkosndksa ;k ,sls O;fDr dks] tks ,slh fjiksVZ izkIr djus ds fy, vkosndksa }kjk ukefufnZ"V fd;k x;k gS(
¼rhu½ lkslkbVh ds fdlh lnL; dks(
¼pkj½ ,sls ifjla?k dks] ftldh fd lkslkbVh lnL; gS( ¼ikap½ ysunkj dks(
mlds }kjk fofgr Qhl dk lank; fd;s tkus ij] lalwfpr djsxk-
tkap esa lgk;rk
djus dk
dfri;
O;fDr;ksa dk
dRrZO;-
59&d ¼1½ lkslkbVh ds leLr vf/kdkjh] lnL; rFkk HkwriwoZ lnL;] ftuds fd laca/k esa tkap dh tk jgh gks] rFkk dksbZ vU; O;fDr tks tkap djus okys vf/kdkjh dh jk; esa] lkslkbVh ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh] iqLrdksa rFkk dkxt&i=ksa dk dCtk j[ks gq, gksa] tkap djus okys vf/kdkjh dks ,slh tkudkjh] tks fd muds dCts esa gks] nsaxs rFkk lkslkbVh ls lacaf/kr leLr iqLrdsa ,oa dkxt&i=] tks mudh vfHkj{kk esa gksa rFkk mudh 'kfDr
-81 -
ds v/khu gksa] is'k djsaxs rFkk tkap ds laca/k esa vU; izdkj ls og leLr lgk;rk nsaxs tks fd os ;qfDr;qDr :i ls ns ldrs gksa-
¼2½ ;fn ,slk O;fDr jftLVªkj ds le{k ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds le{k tks fd jftLVªkj }kjk /kkjk 59 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu izkf/kd`r fd;k x;k gks] dksbZ ,slh iqLrd ;k dksbZ ,sls dkxt&Ik=] ftUgsa is'k djuk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ml O;fDr dk dRrZO; gS] is'k djus ls bUdkj djs ;k fdlh ,sls iz'u dk tks fd mlls jftLVªkj ;k mlds }kjk izkf/kd`r fd;s x;s O;fDr }kjk fd;k tk;] mRrj nsus ls bUdkj djs] rks jftLVªkj ;k jftLVªkj }kjk izkf/kd`r fd;k x;k O;fDr ml bUdkj dks izekf.kr dj ldsxk vkSj jftLVªkj dksbZ ,slk dFku] tks fd izfrokn esa fn;k tk;] lquus ds i'pkr~ O;frØeh dks 'kkfLr ls] tks ,d gtkj :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxh] nf.Mr dj ldsxk- bl /kkjk ds v/khu 'kkfLr ds :Ik esa vf/kjksfir dh xbZ dksbZ jkf'k] vf/kdkfjrk j[kus okys eftLVªsV dks jftLVªkj }kjk ;k mlds }kjk izkf/kd̀r O;fDr }kjk vkosnu fd;k tkus ij] eftLVªsV }kjk mlh izdkj olwyh gksxh ekuksa fd og Lo;a ml eftLVªsV }kjk vf/kjksfir fd;k x;k tqekZuk gks-
lkslkbVh dh
iqLrdksa dk
fujh{k.k-
60 ¼1½ jftLVªkj Loizsj.kk ls ;k fdlh lkslkbVh ds ysunkj dk vkosnu&i= izkIr gksus ij] lkslkbVh dh iqLrdksa dk fujh{k.k dj ldsxk ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks] tks fyf[kr lk/kkj.k ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk bl laca/k esa mlds }kjk izkf/kd`r fd;k x;k gks] lkslkbVh dh iqLrdksa dk fujh{k.k djus ds fy, funsZ'k ns ldsxk% ijUrq dksbZ Hkh ,slk fujh{k.k] ysunkj ds
vkosnu&i= ij ls rc rd ugha fd;k tk;sxk tc
rd fd vkosnd-&
¼d½ jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku u dj ns fd _.k
og jkf'k gS tks rHkh 'kks/; gS vkSj ;g fd
mlus mlds Hkqxrku dh ekax dh gS rFkk
;qfDr;qDr le; ds Hkhrj pqdkjk ¼lsfVLQsD'ku½ izkIr ugha fd;k gS( vkSj
¼[k½ izLFkkfir fujh{k.k ds [kpsZ ds fy, izfrHkwfr ds :Ik esa ,slh jkf'k] tSlh fd jftLVªkj visf{kr
-82 -
djs jftLVªkj ds ikl fuf{kIr u dj ns- ¼2½ jftLVªkj fdlh ,sls fujh{k.k ds ifj.kke-& ¼d½ tgka og fujh{k.k mldh Loizsj.kk ls fd;k x;k gks] ogka lkslkbVh dks( vkSj
¼[k½ tgka fujh{k.k fdlh ysunkj ds vkosnu ij fd;k x;k gks] ogka ml ysunkj dks rFkk lksslkbVh dks lalwfpr djsxk-
=qfV;ksa dh
ifj'kqf)-
61 ¼1½ ;fn /kkjk 58 ds v/khu dh xbZ laijh{kk ;k /kkjk 59 ds v/khu dh xbZ fdlh tkap ;k /kkjk 60 ds v/khu fd;s x;s fdlh fujh{k.k ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik fdlh lkslkbVh ds xBu] dk;Zdj.k ;k mldh foRrh; fLFkfr ;k mldh ys[kk iqLrdksa esa dksbZ =qfV;ka izdV gksa rks jftLVªkj ,slh =qfV;ka ml lkslkbVh dh tkudkjh esa yk ldsxk vkSj ;fn og lkslkbVh fdlh vU;
lkslkbVh ls lEc) gks rks ml vU; lkslkbVh dh tkudkjh esa Hkh yk ldsxk-
¼2½ jftLVªkj ,slh lkslkbVh ;k mlds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;k ml lkslkbVh dks] ftlls fd og lEc) gks] ;g funs'k nsrs gq, vkns'k dj ldsxk fd og mu =qfV;ksa dk] tks fd laijh{kk] tkap ;k fujh{k.k esa izdV gqbZ gks] mipkj djus ds fy, ,slh dk;Zokgh] tks fd vkns'k e sa fofufnZ"V dh tk;] ,sls le; ds Hkhrj djs] tks fd ml vkns'k esa mfYyf[kr gks-
tkap ds [kpsZ- 62 tgka /kkjk 59 ds v/khu dksbZ tkap dh tk; ;k ysunkj ds vkosnu ij ls /kkjk 60 ds v/khu dksbZ fujh{k.k fd;k tk;] ogka jftLVªkj [kpsZ ;k [kpksZa dk ,slk Hkkx] tSlk fd og mfpr le>s] ml lkslkbVh ds] ftlls
fd lacaf/kr lkslkbVh lEc) gks] lacaf/kr lkslkbVh ds tkap ;k fujh{k.k dh] ekax djus okys lnL;ksa ;k
ysunkjksa ds] rFkk lkslkbVh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ;k HkwriwoZ vf/kdkfj;ksa ds chp izHkkftr dj ldsxk%
ijUrq-&
¼d½ [kpksZ a ds izHkktu dk dksbZ vkns'k bl /kkjk ds v/khu rc rd ugha fd;k tk;xk tc rd fd
ml lkslkbVh ;k ml O;fDr dks] ftls fd
mlds ¼vkns'k ds½ v/khu [kpksZa dk lank; djus
ds fy, nk;h cukuk pkgk x;k gS] lqus tkus dk
;qfDr;qDr volj u fey pqdk gks(
¼[k½ jftLVªkj mu vk/kkjksa dks] ftu ij fd [kpksZa dk
-83 -
izHkktu fd;k x;k gks] fyf[kr esa dfFkr djsxk- dk;Zokfg;ksa
vkfn ij O;;-
63&d lkslkbVh dh fuf/k;ksa esa ls dksbZ O;;] jftLVªkj }kjk /kkjk 19&dd] v/;k; 5 ;k v/;k; 6 ds v/khu fd;s x;s ;k fd;s tkus ds fy, rkRif;Zr fdlh vkns'k ds fo:) lkslkbVh ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lfefr }kjk fdlh U;k;ky; esa Qkby ;k lafLFkr dh xbZ fdlh dk;Zokgh ds [kpksZa dk pqdkjk djus ds iz;kstu ds fy, mixr ugha fd;k tk;xk%
ijUrq tgka ekeyk ;FkkfLFkfr vf/kdkjh ;k
lfefr ds i{k esa vafre :Ik ls fofuf'pr fd;k tkrk gS ogka ,sls [kpZ dh] tks jftLVªkj }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;s tk,] lkslkbVh }kjk izfriwfrZ dh tk,xh-
lkroka v/;k;& fookn rFkk ek/;LFke
fookn- 64 ¼1½ rRle; izo`Rr fdlh vU; fof/k esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdlh lkslkbVh ds xBu] izcU/k ;k dkjckj ls] fdlh lkslkbVh ds fu;kstu ds fuca/ku vkSj 'krksZ ls ;k fdlh lkslk;Vh ds lekiu ls lacaf/kr
-84 -
dksbZ fookn] fookn ds Ik{kdkjksa esa ls fdlh Hkh i{kdkj }kjk jftLVªkj dks funsZf'kr fd;k tk;xk ;fn mlds i{kdkj fuEufyf[kr esa ls gksa %&
¼d½ dksbZ lkslkbVh] mldh lfefr] dksbZ HkwriwoZ lfefr] dksbZ HkwriwoZ ;k orZeku vf/kdkjh] dksbZ HkwriwoZ ;k orZeku vfHkdrkZ] dksbZ HkwriZo ;k orZeku lsod ;k uke funsZf'krh] ] lkslk;Vh ds fdlh e`r vf/kdkjh] e`r vfHkdrkZ ;k èr lsod] dk dksbZ ukefufnZ"V O;fDr] okfjl ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k ;k lkslkbVh dk lekid( ¼[k½ dksbZ lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k fdlh lkslkbVh ds ;k fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh ds] tks ml
lkslkbVh dh lnL; gks] fdlh lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k er̀ lnL; dh ekQZr~ nkok djus
okyk dksbZ O;fDr(
¼x½ fdlh lkslkbVh ds lnL; ls fHkUu dksbZ ,slk O;fDr ftls lkslkbVh }kjk m/kkj eatwj fd;k x;k gks ;k ftlds lkFk lkslkbVh ds dkjksckjh laO;ogkj gksa ;k Fks rFkk ,sls O;fDr ds ekQZr~ nkok djus okyk dksbZ O;fDr(
¼?k½ fdlh lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL;] èr lnL; dk ;k fdlh lnL; ls fHkUu fdlh ,sls O;fDr dk] ftls lkslkbVh }kjk m/kkj eatwj fd;k x;k gks] izfrHkw pkgs ,slk izfrHkw lkslkbVh dk lnL; gks ;k u gks(
¼M-½ dksbZ vU; lkslkbVh ;k ,slh fdlh lkslkbVh dk lekid( vkSj
¼p½ fdlh lkslkbVh dk ysunkj(
¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds iz;kstuksa ds fy,] fookn ds vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr vk;sxs %&
¼,d½ fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk fdlh ,sls _.k
;k ,slh ekax ds fy,] tks fdlh lnL;]
HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k e`r lnL; ds uke
fufnZ"V O;fDr] okfjl ;k fof/kd
izfrfuf/k }kjk ml lkslkbVh dks 'kks/;
gks] dksbZ nkok] pkgs ,sls _.k ;k ekax dks Lohdkj fd;k tk; ;k ugha(
-85 -
¼nks½ fdlh izfrHkw }kjk ewy _.kh ds fo:) ml n'kk esa dksbZ nkok tcfd lkslkbVh us fdlh ,sls _.k ;k ekax dh ckcr] tks dh ewy _.kh ds O;frØe ds ifj.kke&Lo:i ewy _.kh }kjk
lkslkbVh dks 'kks/; gks] dksbZ jde izfrHkw ls olwy dj yh gks] pkgs ,sls _.k ;k ekax dks Lohdkj fd;k tk; ;k ugha( ¼rhu½ fdlh ,slh gkfu ds fy,] tks fd fdlh lkslkbVh ds fdlh lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k èr lnL;] fdlh vf/kdkjh] HkwriwoZ vf/kdkjh ;k èr vf/kdkjh] fdlh vfHkdrkZ] HkwriwoZ vfHkdrkZ ;k èr vfHkdrkZ] ;k fdlh lsod] HkwriwoZ lsod ;k e`r lsod] ;k mldh HkwriwoZ ;k orZeku lfefr }kjk igqapkbZ xbZ gks] ml lkslkbVh }kjk dksbZ nkok] pkgs ,slh gkfu dks Lohdkj fd;k tk; ;k ugha( ¼pkj½ vf/kdkjksa vkfn ds ckjs esa dksbZ iz'u ftlesa fdlh x`g fuekZ.k lkslkbVh rFkk mlds vfHk/kkfj;ksa ;k ,slh lkslkbVh vkSj mlds lnL;ksa ds chp vfHk?k`fr vf/kdkj lfEefyr gS( vkSj
¼ikap½ lkslkbVh ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ds fuokZpu ds laca/k esa ;k lkslkbVh ds ;k la;qDr lkslkbVh ds izfrfuf/k ds fuokZpu ds laca/k esa mBus okyk dksbZ fookn% ijUrq jftLVªkj ml dkykof/k ds] tks fd fuokZpu dk;ZØe ds vk[;kiu ls izkjEHk gksdj ifj.kkeksa dh ?kks"k.kk rd dh gks] nkSjku bl [k.M ds v/khu dksbZ Hkh fookn xzg.k ugha djsxk- ¼3½ ;fn dksbZ ,slk iz'u mn~Hkwr gks fd D;k jftLVªkj dks funsZf'kr fd;k x;k dksbZ fookn] fookn gS rks ml ij jftLVªkj dk fofu'p; vfUre gksxk rFkk mls fdlh U;k;ky; esa iz'uxr ugha fd;k tk,xk-
ifjlhek- 65 ¼1½ bf.M;u fyfeVs'ku ,DV] 1908 ¼1908 dk vf/kfu;e la[;kad 9½ esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, bl vf/kfu;e esa fd;s x;s fofufnZ"V micU/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] mu fooknksa dks] tks fd uhps of.kZr gS] /kkjk 64 ds v/khu jftLVªkj dks funsZf'kr djus ds fy,
-86 -
ifjlhek dkykof/k% ¼d½ tc fookn fdlh lkslkbVh dks mlds fdlh lnL; }kjk 'kks/; fdlh jkf'k] ftlds fd vUrxZr ml ij dk C;kt Hkh vkrk gS] dh olwyh ds laca/k esa gks] rc ml rkjh[k ls] ftldks ftlds fd ,sls lnL; dh e`R;q gks tk; ;k ftldks fd og ml lkslkbVh dk lnL; u jg tk;] Ng o"kZ gksxh( ¼[k½ tc fookn fdlh lkslkbVh ;k mldh lfefr ds rFkk fdlh HkwriwoZ lfefr] fdlh HkwriwoZ ;k orZeku vf/kdkjh] ;k HkwriwoZ ;k orZeku vfHkdrkZ] ;k HkwriwoZ ;k orZeku lsod ;k lkslkbVh ds fdlh e`r vf/kdkjh] er̀ vfHkdrkZ ;k e`r lsod ds ukefufnZ"V O;fDr] okfjl ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k] ;k fdlh lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ lnL;] ;k fdlh e`r lnL; ds ukefufnZ"V O;fDr] okfjl ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k ds chp gks vkSj tc fookn] fookn ds fdlh Hkh i{kdkj dh vksj ls fd;s x;s fdlh dk;Z ;k dk;Zyksi ds laca/k esa gks] rc ml rkjh[k ls N% o"kZ gksxh ftldks fd og dk;Z ;k dk;Zyksi] ftlds fd laca/k esa fookn mn~Hkwr gqvk gS] gqvk gks( ¼x½ tc fookn fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh ] ftldk fd /kkjk 69 ds v/khu ifjlekiu fd;k tkus dk vkns'k fd;k tk pqdk gks ;k ftlds fd laca/k esa fdlh ukefufnZ"V lfefr ;k O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa dh fu;qfDr /kkjk 53 ds v/khu dj nh xbZ gks] ds xBu] izca/k ;k dkjckj ls lacaf/kr fdlh ekeys ds ckjs esa gks] rc ;FkkfLFkfr /kkjk 69 rFkk /kkjk 53 ds v/khu tkjh fd, x, vkns'k dh rkjh[k ls Ng o"kZ gksxh( ¼?k½ tc fookn fdlh lkslkbVh ds fdlh vkfQlj ds fuokZpu ds laca/k esa gks] rc ,sls fuokZpu ds ifj.kke dh ?kks"k.kk dh rkjh[k ls iSarkfyl fnu gksxh-
¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa of.kZr fooknksa dks NksM+dj ftudk jftLVªkj dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkuk /kkjk 64 ds v/khu visf{kr gS] fdlh Hkh vU; okn dh n'kk esa ifjlhek dky bf.M;u fyfeVs'ku ,DV] 1908 ds mica/kksa }kjk
-87 -
bl izdkj fofu;fer gksxk ekuks og fookn ,d okn gS vkSj jftLVªkj flfoy U;k;ky; gS-
¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ rFkk ¼2½ esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] jftLVªkj fdlh fookn dks ifjlhek dkykof/k dk volku gks tkus ds i'pkr~ Hkh xzg.k dj ldsxk ;fn vkosnd jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku dj nsrk gS fd ml fookn dks ,slh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj funsZf'kr u djus ds fy, mlds ikl i;kZIr dkj.k Fkk-
fookn dk
fuiVkjk-
66 ¼1½ jftLVªkj] /kkjk 64 ds v/khu fookn dk funsZ'k izkIr gksus ij] ml fookn dks Lo;a fofuf'pr dj ldsxk vFkok fuiVk;s tkus ds gsrq mls fdlh ukefufnZ"V O;fDr ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ dks] tks fd jftLVªkj }kjk fu;qDr fd;k tk,xk] vUrfjr dj ldsxk-
¼2½ tgka dksbZ fookn fdlh ukefufnZ"V O;fDr ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa ds fdlh cksMZ }kjk fuiVk;s tkus ds fy, mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vUrfjr dj fn;k x;k gks] ogka jftLVªkj] ys[kc) fd;s tkus okys dkj.kksa ls] ml fookn dks ,sls ukefufnZ"V O;fDr ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ ls fdlh Hkh le; izR;kâr dj ldsxk vkSj ml fookn dks Lo;a fofuf'pr dj ldsxk vFkok fofu'p; ds gsrq mls vius }kjk fu;qDr fd;s x;s fdlh vU; ukefufnZ"V O;fDr ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ dks iqu% vUrfjr dj ldsxk- ¼3½ fdlh ukefufnZ"V O;fDr ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ dk] ftldks fd dksbZ fookn fofu'p; ds gsrq bl /kkjk ds v/khu vUrfjr fd;k x;k gks fofu'p; bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy,] jftLVªkj dk fofu'p; le>k tk,xk-
fooknksa ds
fuiVkjs ds fy,
izfØ;k rFkk
jftLVªkj] mlds
ukefufnZ"V
O;fDr ;k
ukefufnZ"V
O;fDr;ksa ds
cksMZ dh 'kfDr-
67 ¼1½ jftLVªkj ;k mlds ukefufnZ"V O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ dks vUroZrhZ vkns'k djus] ftlds fd vUrxZr vLFkk;h O;kns'k dk fn;k tkuk vkrk gS] dh 'kfDr gksxh- bl 'kfDr dk iz;ksx djus esa] ;FkkfLFkfr jftLVªkj ;k mldk uke fufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa dk cksMZ ml izfØ;k dk vuqlj.k djsxk tks fd ,sls vkns'k djus rFkk O;kns'k nsus ds iz;kstu ds fy, flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 ¼1908 dk vf/kfu;e la[;kad 5½ esa vf/kdfFkr dh xbZ gS-
-88 -
¼2½ fookn dh lquokbZ esa fdlh fof/k O;olk;h }kjk fdlh i{kdkj dk izfrfuf/kRo ;FkkfLFkfr jftLVªkj ;k mlds uke fufnZ"V O;fDr ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ dh vuqKk ls gh fd;k tk,xk vU;Fkk ugha %
ijUrq tgka bl izdkj vuqKk ns nh tkrh gS] ogka fookn dk nwljk i{kdkj bl ckr dk gdnkj gksxk fd mldk izfrfuf/kRo fof/k O;olk;h }kjk fd;k tk;- ¼3½ ;FkkfLFkfr] jftLVªkj ;k mldk ukefufnZ"V O;fDr] mu i{kdkjksa vkSj lkf{k;ksa ds] tks gkftj gksrs gSa] lk{; dk fVIi.k fgUnh esa vfHkfyf[kr djsxk vkSj bl izdkj vfHkfyf[kr fd, x, lk{; ij nksuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh i{kdkj }kjk is'k fd, x;s fdlh nLrkosth lk{; ij fopkj djus ds i'pkr] ;FkkfLFkfr fofu'p; ;k vf/kfu.kZ; nsxk tks ys[kc) fd;k tk,xk- ;fn lE;d~:Ik ls leu fd;k x;k vkosnd vuqifLFkr jgrk gS rks ekeyk O;frØe ds dkj.k [kkfjt fd;k tk ldsxk- ;fn vukosnd vuqifLFkr jgrk gS rks ekeyk ,d i{kh; :Ik ls fofuf'pr fd;k tk ldsxk- mu ekeyksa esa tgka rhu ukefufnZ"V O;fDr fu;qDr fd;s tkrs gSa] cgqla[;k dh jk; vfHkHkkoh gksxh% ijUrq tgka dksbZ fookn] O;frØe ds dkj.k
fdlh i{kdkj ds fo:) fofu'pr fd;k x;k gS vkSj ,slk i{kdkj ,sls O;frØe dh rkjh[k ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kku dj nsrk gS fd mlds milatkr u gksus ds fy, i;kZIr gsrqd Fkk] ogka jftLVªkj] fofu'p; dks vikLr djrs gq, vkns'k djsxk vkSj ekeys esa dk;Zokgh gsrq ,d rkjh[k fu;r djsxk- vf/kfu.kZ; ds
iwoZ dqdhZ-
68 tgka ;FkkfLFkfr jftLVªkj] fdlh ukefufnZ"V O;fDr ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa ds fdlh cksMZ dk] tks /kkjk 66 ds v/khu dk;Z dj jgk gS] 'kiFki= ;k tkap ds vk/kkj ij ;k vU;Fkk ;g lek/kku gks tkrk gS fd fdlh funsZ'k dk dksbZ Ik{kdkj fdlh ,sls vf/kfu.kZ; ds] tks fd fd;k tk ldrk gS] fu"iknu esa foyEc djus ;k ck/kk igqqapk;s ds vk'k; ls]&
¼d½ viuh lEiw.kZ lEifRr ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks O;;fur djus okyk gS( ;k
¼[k½ viuh lEiw.kZ lEifRr ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks
-89 -
jftLVªkj dh vf/kdkfjrk ls gVkus okyk gS] rks jftLVªkj] dksbZ fofufnZ"V O;fDr ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa dk cksMZ] tc rd fd i;kZIr izfrHkwfr u ns nh xbZ gks mDr laifRr dh ;k mlds ,sls Hkkx dh] ftls og vko';d le>s] l'krZ dqdhZ vius }kjk izkf/kd`r fd, x;s ,sls vfHkdj.k] ftls og mfpr le>s }kjk dh tkus dk funsZ'k ns ldsxk vkSj ,slh dqdhZ dk blh izdkj izHkko gksxk ekuks og l{ke flfoy U;k;ky; }kjk dh xbZ gks]
vkBoka v/;k;& lekiu
lkslkbfV;ksa dk
ifjlekiu-
69 ¼1½ ;fn] /kkjk 59 ds v/khu tkap dh tk pqdus ;k /kkjk 60 ds v/khu fujh{k.k fd;k tk pqdus ds i'pkr~ ;k fdlh lkslkbVh ds de ls de rhu&pkSFkkbZ lnL;ksa }kjk fd;s x;s vkosnu ds izkIr gksus ij] jftLVªkj dh ;g jk; gks fd lkslkbVh dk ifjlekiu dj fn;k tkuk pkfg;s] rks og mldk ifjlekiu dj fn;k tkus dk funs'k nsrs gq, vkns'k tkjh dj ldsxk- ¼2½ jftLVªkj] Loizsj.kk ls] fdlh lkslkbVh dk ifjlekiu fd;s tkus dk funs'k nsrs gq, vkns'k dj ldsxk-&
-90 -
¼d½ tgka ml lkslkbVh us vius jftLVªhdj.k ds ;qfDr;qDr le; ds Hkhrj dk;Z djuk izkjaHk ugha fd;k gks vFkok tgka ml lkslkbVh us dk;Z djuk cUn dj fn;k gks( ;k
¼[k½ tgka jftLVªkj dh jk; esa og lkslkbVh eq[;r% fdlh O;fDr ds ;k O;fDr;ksa ds ;k lewg ds fgr dks u fd lk/kkj.kr% lnL;ksa ds fgr dks laizofrZr djus ds fy, dk;Z djrh jgh gks( ;k ¼x½ tgka ml lkslkbVh us bl vf/kfu;e] fu;eksa ;k mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu dh fdUgha ,slh 'krksZa dk] tks jftLVªhdj.k ;k izca/k ds ckjs esa gksa] vuqikyu djuk cUn dj fn;k gks ;k
¼?k½ tgka dksbZ izkFkfed m/kkj lkslkbVh lnL;ksa ls viuh iwjh vfr'kks/; ekax yxkrkj rhu lgdkjh o"kksZa rd olwy u djds O;frØe djrh jgs rFkk vfr"Bku ds i'pkr~ Hkh og lkslkbVh iwjh vfr'kks/; ekax olwy djus esa vlQy jgs-
¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkns'k rc rd ikfjr ugha fd;k tk;xk tc rd fd izLFkkfir vkns'k ds fo:) dkj.k n'kkZus dk ;qfDr;qDr volj lacaf/kr lkslkbVh dks u ns fn;k x;k gks vkSj mlds }kjk fd;s x;s vH;kosnu] ;fn dksbZ gks] ij fopkj u dj fy;k x;k gks-
¼4½ jftLVªkj] fdlh lkslkbVh ds ifjlekiu laca/kh fdlh vkns'k dks] ml lkslkbVh dk jftLVªhdj.k jn~n gksus ds iwoZ fdlh Hkh le;] ml n'kk esa jn~n dj ldsxk tcfd] mldh jk; esa] ml lkslkbVh dk vfLrRo esa cuk jguk vko';d gS-
¼5½ bl /kkjk esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdlh Hkh lgdkjh cSad dk ifjlekiu fjtoZ cSad vkWQ bf.M;k dh fyf[kr iwoZ eatwjh ls gh fd;k tk;xk vU;Fkk ugha-
lgdkjh cSad
dk ifjlekiu-
69&d bl vf/kfu;e esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds izfrdwy gksrs gq, Hkh] jftLVªkj fdlh lgdkjh cSad ds ifjlekiu ds fy, vkns'k djsxk] ;fn fMikftV bU';ksjsUl ,.M ØsfMV xkjaVh dkjiksjs'ku ,DV] 1961 ¼Øekad 47 lu~ 1961½ dh /kkjk 13 Mh esa of.kZr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fjtoZ cSad vkWQ bf.M;k }kjk ,slh vis{kk dh tk;-
-91 -
chekd`r cSad ,d ekeys esa fMikftV
bU'kksjsUl dkjiksjs'ku dh izfriwfrZ- 69&[k tgka fdlh ,sls lgdkjh cSad dk] tks fd fMikftV bU';ksjsUl dkjiksjs'ku ,DV] 1961 ¼Øekad 47 lu~ 1961½ ds vFkZ ds vUrxZr chekd`r cSad gks] ifjlekiu dj fn;k x;k gks ;k tks lekiuk/khu dj fn;k x;k gks vkSj fMikftV bU';ksjsUl dkjiksjs'ku chekd`r cSad ds fu{ksidrkZvksa ds izfr] ml ,DV dh /kkjk 16 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu nkf;Rok/khu gks x;k gks] ogka fMikftV bU';kjsUl dkjiksjs'ku dks mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa izfriwfrZ ml lhek rd rFkk ml jhfr esa dh tk;sxh tks fd fMikftV bU';ksjsUl dkjiksjs'ku ,DV] 1961 ¼Øekad 47 lu~ 1961 ½ dh /kkjk 21 esa micaf/kr gS- lekid dh
fu;qfDr-
70 ¼1½ tgka jftLVªkj us fdlh lkslkbVh ds ifjlekiu ds fy, /kkjk 69 ds v/khu dksbZ vkns'k fd;k gks] ogka og ml iz;kstu ds fy, ,d lekid fu;qDr dj ldsxk rFkk mldk ikfjJfed fu;r dj ldsxk vkSj fdlh Hkh ,sls O;fDr dks] tks lekid ds :Ik esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks] fdlh Hkh le; gVk Hkh ldsxk vkSj mlds LFkku ij fdlh nwljs O;fDr dks fu;qDr dj ldsxk% ijUrq fdlh ,sls lgdkjh cSad ds laca/k esa] ftldk fd fjtoZ cSad dh v/;is{kk izkIr gksus ij ifjlekiu fd;k tkus ds fy, vkns'k fn;k x;k gks] lekid dks fjtoZ cSad dh iwoZ eatwjh ds fcuk u rks fu;qDr fd;k tk,xk vkSj u gVk;k tk,xk-
¼2½ dksbZ lekid] fu;qDr gks tkus ij] ,slh leLr lEifRr] phtcLr rFkk mu vuq;ksT; nkoksa dks] ftuds fy, fd lkslkbVh gdnkj gks ;k gdnkj izrhr gksrh gks] viuh vfHkj{kk esa ;k vius fu;a=.k esa ys ysxk vkSj ,slh lEifRr] phtcLr rFkk nkoksa dh gkfu ;k muds {k; ;k mudks gksus okys uqdlku dks jksdus ds fy, ,sls mik; djsxk tSls fd og vko';d ;k lehphu le>s-
¼3½ tgka dksbZ vihy /kkjk 78 ds v/khu dh tk;] ogka fdlh lkslkbVh ds ifjlekiu dk /kkjk 69 ds v/khu fd;k x;k vkns'k rRi'pkr rc rd izofrZr ugha fd;k tk;xk tc rd fd vkns'k dh iqf"V vihy esa u dj nh tk;%
ijUrq lekid mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa of.kZr lEifRr] phtcLr rFkk vuq;ksT; nkoksa ds vfHkj{kk esa j[ks jgsxk ;k mu ij fu;a=.k cuk;s j[ksxk vkSj mls os mik; djus dk izkf/kdkj gksxk tks fd ml mi/kkjk esa fofufnZ"V fd;s x;s gSa-
-92 -
¼4½ tgka fdlh lkslkbVh ds ifjlekiu dk dksbZ vkns'k vihy esa vikLr dj fn;k tk;] ogka ml lkslkbVh dh lEifRr] phtcLr rFkk vuq;ksT; nkos ml lkslkbVh esa iqufuZfgr gks tk;saxs- lekid dk
fu;a=.k-
70&d lekid dh fu;qfDr ds i'pkr~] fdlh lkslkbVh dh lfefr dh leLr 'kfDr;ka pkgs og fuokZfpr ;k ukefufnZ"V gks] lekIr gks tk,axh vkSj blds i'pkr~] lkslkbVh ds deZpkjh] lekid ds fu;a=.k vkSj i;Zos{k.k ds v/khu dk;Z djsaxs-
lekid dh
'kfDr;ka-
71 ¼1½ bl fufeRr esa cuk;s x;s fdUgha fu;eksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh dh] ftldh fd ckcr ifjlekiu dk vkns'k dj fn;k x;k gS] leLr vkfLr;ka /kkjk 70 dh v/khu fu;qDr fd;s x;s lekid esa ml rkjh[k ls fufgr gks tk;xh ftldks fd og vkns'k izHkko'khy gks vkSj lekid dks ;g 'kfDr gksxh fd og ,slh vkfLr;ka foØ; }kjk ;k vU;Fkk olwy djsa-
¼2½ ,sls lekid dks] jftLVªkj ds fu;a=.k ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, fuEufyf[kr 'kfDr;ka Hkh gksaxh-& ¼d½ lkslkbVh dh vksj ls okn ,oa vU; fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ka vius inuke ls lafLFkr djuk
rFkk oknksa ,oa vU; fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ksa esa lkslkbVh dh vksj ls izfrj{kk vius inuke ls djuk(
¼[k½ lnL;ksa ;k HkwriwoZ lnL;ksa }kjk ;k e`r lnL;ksa dh lEinkvksa ;k muds ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa] okfjlksa ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa }kjk ;k fdUgha vf/kdkfj;ksa ;k HkwriwoZ vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk lkslkbVh dh vkfLr;ksa ds izfr fd;s tkus okys ;k fd;s tkus ds fy, 'ks"k jgs vfHknk; ¼ftlds vUrxZRk 'kks/; _.k vkrs gSa½ dk le;≤ ij vo/kkj.k
djuk%
¼x½ mu leLr nkoksa dk] tks lkslkbVh ds
fo:) gksa] vUos"k.k djuk rFkk bl
vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] iwfoZdrk ds mu iz'uk sa dks] tks nkosnkjksa ds chp mn~Hkwr gks] fofuf'pr djuk(
¼?k½ lkslkbVh ds fo:) nkoksa dk] ftuesa lekiu dh rkjh[k rd dk C;kt lfEefyr gS]
mudh iwfoZdrk] ;fn dksbZ gks] ds vuqlkj iw.kZr% ;k vuqikrr% tSlh fdlh lkslk;Vh
dh vkfLr;ksa esa xqatkb'k gks Hkqxrku djuk
-93 -
nkoksa dk Hkqxrku djus ds i'pkr~ cpk gqvk vf/k'ks"k] ;fn dksbZ gks] lekid ds vkns'k dh rkjh[k ls C;kt ds Hkqxrku esa mi;ksftr fd;k tk;xk tks ,slh nj ls gksxk tks jftLVªkj }kjk fu;r dh tk, fdUrq tks fdlh Hkh n'kk esa lafonk nj ls vf/kd u gksxk%
¼M-½ ;g vo/kkfjr djuk fd lekiu ds [kpksZa dk ogu fdu O;fDr;ksa }kjk rFkk fdl vuqikr esa fd;k tkuk gS(
¼p½ ;g vo/kkfjr djuk fd D;k dksbZ O;fDr lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k e`r lnL; dk ukefufnZ"V O;fDr gS(
¼N½ lkslkbVh dh vkfLr;ksa ds laxzg.k rFkk forj.k ds ckjs esa ,sls funsZ'k nsxk tks fd lkslkbVh ds dkedkt dk ifjlekiu djus ds fy, mls vko';d izrhr gksa(
¼t½ lkslkbVh dk dkjckj ml lhek rd pykuk tgka rd fd og mlds Qk;nkizn ifjlekiu ds fy, vko';d gS(
¼>½ ysunkjksa ds lkFk ;k mu O;fDr;ksa ds] tks ysunkj gksus dk nkok djrs gksa ;k tks dksbZ ,slk orZeku ;k Hkkoh nkok] ftlds fd }kjk lkslkbVh dks nk;h cuk;k tk ldrk gks] j[krs gksa ;k og vfHkdfFkr djrs gksa fd os ,slk nkok j[krs gSa] lkFk dksbZ le>kSrk ;k Bgjko djuk( vkSj
¼¥½ leLr ekaxksa ;k ekaxksa rFkk _.kksa ds nkf;Roksa dk vkSj _.kksa esa ifjf.kr gksus ;ksX; nkf;Roksa dk] rFkk orZeku ;k Hkkoh] fuf'pr ;k lekfJr leLr ,sls nkoksa dk] tks lkslkbVh rFkk fdlh vfHknk;h ;k vfHkdfFkr vfHknk;h ;k vU; _.kh ;k ,sls O;fDr] tks lkslkbVh ds izfr viuk nkf;Ro le>rk gS ds chp vfLrRo esa gS ;k ftudk vfLrRo esa gksuk ekuk tkrk gS vkSj ,sls leLr iz'uksa dk] tks lkslkbVh dh vkfLr;ksa ;k mlds ifjlekiu ls fdlh Hkh :Ik esa lacaf/kr gS ;k tks mu ij izHkko Mkyus okys gSa] le>kSrk ,sls fuca/kuksa ij djuk tSls fd r; ik;s tk,a] rFkk fdlh ,slh ekax] nkf;Ro _.k ;k nkos ds mUekspu ds fy, dksbZ izfrHkwfr ysuk vkSj mldh ckcr iw.kZ mUekspu djuk %
-94 -
ijUrq dksbZ lekid fdlh lnL; ;k fdlh HkwriwoZ lnL; ls ;k fdlh er̀ lnL; ds uke fufnZ"V O;fDr] okfjl ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k ls olwy fd;s tkus okys vfHknk;] _.k ;k 'kks/;ksa dk rc rd vo/kkj.k ugha djsxk tc rd fd ,sls lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ lnL; dks ;k ,sls ukefufnZ"V O;fDr] okfjl ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k dks viuh fLFkfr Li"V djus dk volj u ns fn;k x;k gks-
¼3½ tc fdlh lkslkbVh ds dkedkt dk ifjleku dj fn;k x;k gks rc lekid jftLVªkj dks fjiksVZ djsxk vkSj lkslkbVh ds vfHkys[k ,sls LFkku ij tek djsxk tSlk fd jftLVªkj funsZf'kr djs-
lekfir
lkslkbfV;ksa dh
vf/k'ks"k
vkfLr;ksa dk
O;;u-
72 fdlh ifjlekfir lkslkbVh ds leLr nkf;Roksa dh] ftuds fd vUrxZr leknRr va'kiwath gS] iwfrZ gks tkus d s i'pkr~ vf/k'ks"k jgh vkfLr;ka mlds lnL;ksa esa foHkkftr ugha dh tk;saxh vfirq os fdlh ,sls mn~ns';] tks fd lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa esa of.kZr gks] ds fy, mi;ksftr dh tk;saxh vkSj dksbZ mn~ns'; bl izdkj of.kZr u gks rc fdlh ,sls yksdksi;ksxh mn~ns';] tks fd lkslkbVh ds lk/kkj.k lfEeyu }kjk vo/kkfjr fd;k tk; rFkk jftLVªkj }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k tk;] ds fy, mi;ksftr dh tk;xh ;k os muds ijke'kZ ls jftLVªkj }kjk fuEufyf[kr leLr ;k muesa ls fdlh ds Hkh fy, ;k rks lEiw.kZr% ;k Hkkxr% leuqnsf'kr dh tk ldsaxh-&
¼d½ dksbZ yksdksi;ksxh mn~ns'; ;k LFkkuh; ;k ukxfjd fgr dk dksbZ mn~ns';( ;k
¼[k½ NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh la?k e;kZfnr ;k dksbZ vU; laLFkk ;k la?k( ;k
¼x½ fdlh dsUnzh; lgdkjh cSad esa mrus le; rd ds fy, fuf{kIr j[kh tk ldsaxh tc rd fd oSlh gh 'krksZa lfgr dksbZ uohu lkslkbVh jftLVªhdr̀ u gks tk; vkSj rc ,slk vf/k'ks"k] jftLVªkj dh lEefr ls] ,slh uohu lkslkbVh dh jf{kr fuf/k esa fuf{kIr fd;k tk ldsxk( ¼?k½ iwrZ foU;kl vf/kfu;e] 1890 ¼1890 dk vf/kfu;e la- 6½ dh /kkjk 2 esa ;Fkk ifjHkkf"kr dksbZ iwrZ iz;kstu( ;k
-95 -
¼M-½ izR;sd fo|eku lnL; dks mldh leknRr va'kiwath ds vuqikr esa-
uoka v/;k; & vijk/k rFkk 'kkfLr;ka 'kCn ßlgdkjhÞ
ds iz;ksx dk
izfr"ks/k-
73 ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ dh xbZ fdlh lkslkbVh ls rFkk fdlh ,sls O;fDr ;k mlds fgr mRrjkf/kdkjh ls] ftldk fd uke ;k vfHk/kku og gS ftlds fd v/khu og bl vf/kfu;e ds izo`Rr gksus dh rkjh[k dks O;kikj ;k dkjckj djrk jgk gks] jkT; ljdkj dh eatwjh ds fcuk] fdlh ,sls uke ;k vfHk/kku ls] ftldk Hkkx:Ik 'kCn ßlgdkjhÞ ;k fdlh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk esa mldk
-96 -
i;kZ;okph 'kCn gks] d`R; ugha djsxk] O;kikj ugha djsxk ;k dkjckj ugha djsxk-
¼2½ izR;sd ,slk O;fDr] tks /kkjk 14 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds mYya?ku esa cukbZ xbZ fdlh lkslkbVh dk lnL; gS rFkk izR;sd ,slk O;fDr tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds mica/kksa dk mYya?ku djsxk] tqekZus ls] tks nks lkS :i;s rd dk gks ldsxk] vkSj pkyw jgus okys vijk/k dh n'kk esa] ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ftldks fd ,sls vijk/k ds fy, nks"kflf) ds i'pkr~ ,sls vijk/k pkyw jgrk gS] ikap :i;s vfrfjDr tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk-
vijk/k- 74 bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vijk/k gksxk ;fn-& ¼d½ dksbZ lfefr ;k mldk dksbZ vf/kdkjh ;k lnL; tkucw>dj dksbZ feF;k fjiksVZ djrk gS ;k feF;k tkudkjh nsrk gS ;k ys[ks j[kus esa csbZekuh ls pwd djrk gS ;k feF;k ys[ks csbZekuh ls j[krk gS( ;k
¼[k½ fdlh fuekZ.kk/khu lkslkbVh ds fy, va'knku laxzg djus okyk dksbZ O;fDr ml va'knku dks] mldh izkfIr ls pkSng fnu ds Hkhrj
NRrhlx<+ jkT; lgdkjh cSad e;kZfnr] dsUnzh; lgdkjh cSad] fdlh uxjh; lgdkjh cSad ;k fdlh Mkd?kj cpr cSad esa tek ugha djrk gS( ;k
¼x½ fdlh fuekZ.kk/khu lkslkbVh ds fy, va'knku laxzg djus okyk dksbZ O;fDr bl izdkj
,df=r dh xbZ fuf/k;ksa dk mi;ksx]
jftLVªhdr̀ dh tkus okyh fdlh lkslkbVh ds uke ls djrk gS ;k vU;Fkk dksbZ dkjksckj djus esa ;k O;kikj djus esa djrk gS( ;k ¼?k½ fdlh lkslkbVh dk dksbZ vf/kdkjh vius Lo;a ds mi;ksx ;k Qk;ns ds fy, ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds] ftlesa fd og fgrc) gS] mi;ksx ;k Qk;ns ds fy,] fdlh vU; O;fDr ds uke m/kkj dh tkucw>dj flQkfj'k djrk gS ;k
mls m/kkj eatwj djrk gS( ;k
¼M-½ dksbZ vf/kdkjh ;k lfefr dk lnL;] dksbZ lnL; fdUgha iqLrdksa] dkxti=ksa ;k izfrHkwfr;ksa dks u"V djrk gS] fodr̀ djrk gS] ifjofrZr djrk gS] mudk feF;kdj.k djrk gS ;k mudks
-97 -
xqqIr j[krk gS ;k mudks u"V fd;s tkus] fod`r fd;s tkus] ifjofrZr fd;s tkus] mudk feF;kdj.k fd;k tkus ;k muds xqIr j[ks tkus] esa lalxhZ gS ;k lkslkbVh ds fdlh jftLVj] ys[kk iqLrd ;k nLrkost esa dksbZ feF;k ;k diViw.kZ izfof"V djrk gS ;k ,slk fd;k tkus esa lalxhZ gS( ;k
¼p½ dksbZ vf/kdkjh ;k dksbZ lnL;] ftlds ikl tkudkjh] iqLrdsa rFkk vfHkys[k gksa] ,slh tkudkjh tkucw> dj ugha nsrk ;k ,slh iqLrdsa rFkk dkxti= is'k ugha djrk gS ;k jftLVªkj }kjk /kkjk 53] 58] 59] 60] 67 rFkk 70 ds v/khu fu;qDr ;k izkf/kdr̀ fd;s x;s fdlh O;fDr dh lgk;rk ugh djrk gS( ;k ¼N½ dksbZ vf/kdkjh ml lkslkbVh dh] ftldk fd og vf/kdkjh gS] iqLrdksa vfHkys[kksa] uxnh] izfrHkwfr rFkk vU; lEifRr dk vfHkj{k.k /kkjk 53 ;k 70 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;s x;s fdlh O;fDr dks tkucw>dj ugha lkSairk gS( ;k ¼t½ dksbZ lnL; ,slh lEifRr dk] ftl ij fd lkslkbVh dk iwfoZd nkok gS] diViw.kZ O;;u djrk gS ;k dksbZ lnL; ;k vf/kdkjh ;k deZpkjh ;k dksbZ O;fDr foØ;] vUrj.k] ca/kd] nku }kjk ;k vU;Fkk viuh lEifRr dk O;;u lkslkbVh ds 'kks/;ksa dk vioapu djus ds diViw.kZ vk'k; ls djrk gS( ;k
¼>½ dksbZ fu;kstd rFkk ,sls fu;kstd dh vksj ls dk;Z djus okyk vU; funs'kd] izca/kd] lfpo ;k vU; vf/kdkjh ;k vfHkdrkZ /kkjk 42 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds mica/kksa dk vuqikyu djus esa i;kZIr dkj.k ds fcuk pwd djrk gS( ;k ¼´½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,slh lEifRr dk] tks /kkjk 40 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu Hkkj ds v/;/khu gS] vtZu djrk gS ;k mlds vtZu esa nq"izsj.k djrk gS( ;k
-98 -
¼V½ fdlh lkslkbVh dk dksbZ vf/kdkjh ;k lnL; ;k dksbZ O;fDr dksbZ ,slk dk;Z djrk gS tks fu;eksa }kjk vijk/k ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS ;k ,sls dk;Z yksi dk nks"kh gS tks fu;eksa }kjk vijk/k ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS-
Li"Vhdj.k-& bl /kkjk ds iz;kstu ds fy,] ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k lnL; ds] tks fd bl /kkjk esa fufnZ"V fd;k x;k gS] varxZr ;FkkfLFkfr HkwriwoZ vf/kdkjh ;k HkwriwoZ lnL; Hkh vkosxk-
vijk/kksa ds fy,
'kkfLr;ka-
75 fdlh lkslk;Vh dh izR;sd lfefr] mldk izR;sd vf/kdkjh ;k HkwriwoZ vf/kdkjh ;k lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k dksbZ deZpkjh ;k HkwriwoZ deZpkjh ;k dksbZ vU; O;fDr] fdlh ,slh dk;Zokgh ij tks fd rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k ds v/khu mlds fo:) dh tk ldrh gks] izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk & ¼d½ tqekZus ls] tks 2]000@& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼d½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k
¼[k½ tqekZus ls] tks 1]000@& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼[k½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k
¼x½ tqekZus ls] tks 1]000@& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼x½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k
¼?k½ tqekZus ls] tks 2]000@& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼?k½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k
¼M+½ tqekZus ls] tks 2]000@& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼M+½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k
¼p½ tqekZus ls] tks 250@& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼p½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k
¼N½ tqekZus ls] tks 250 @& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼N½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k
-99 -
Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k ¼t½ tqekZus ls] tks 2]000@& ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼t½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks(;k
¼>½ tqekZus ls] tks 500@& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74¼>½ esa fufnZ"V fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k
¼´½ tqekZus ls tks 1]000@& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼´½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k
¼V½ tqekZus ls tks 250@& :i;s ls vf/kd ugha gksxk] n.Muh; gksxk ;fn mls /kkjk 74 ¼V½ esa fufnZ"V fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dk fl)nks"k Bgjk;k x;k gks A
vijk/kksa dk
laKku-
76 ¼1½ izFke oxZ eftLVªsV ds U;k;ky; ls voj dksbZ Hkh U;k;ky; bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ds fdlh vijk/k dk fopkj.k ugha djsxk-
¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ Hkh vfHk;kstu jftLVªkj dh fyf[kr iwoZ eatwjh ds fcuk lafLFkr ugha fd;k tk;xk vkSj ,slh eatwjh lacaf/kr O;fDr dks viuk ekeyk vH;kosfnr djus dk volj fn;s fcuk ugha nh tk;xh-
nloka v/;k;& vihysa] iqujh{k.k ,oa iqufoZyksdu vihy 77 ¼1½ tgka blds laca/k esa vU;Fkk micaf/kr gS mls NksMdj] bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ds v/khu ikfjr fd;s x;s izR;sd ewy vkns'k dh vihy%& ¼,d½ ml n'kk esa tcfd ,slk vkns'k jftLVªkj] vij jftLVªkj ;k la;qDr jftLVªkj ls fHkUu fdlh
vf/kdkjh ds }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] pkgs
vkns'k ikfjr djus okyk vf/kdkjh jftLVªkj dh
'kfDr;ksa ls fofufgr gks ;k u gks] la;qDr
jftLVªkj dks gksxh%
¼nks½ ml n'kk esa tcfd ,slk vkns'k jftLVªkj vFkok
-100 -
vij jftLVªkj ds }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k gks] jkT; ljdkj dks gksxh%
¼2½ tgka blds laca/k esa vU;Fkk micaf/kr gS] mlds flok; bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa ds v/khu izFke vihy ds izR;sd vkns'k dh f)rh; vihy%&
¼,d½ la;qDr jftLVªkj ds fo:) jftLVªkj vFkok jftLVªkj }kjk izkf/kd`r vij jftLVªkj dks gksxh
¼nks½ jftLVªkj ;k vij jftLVªkj ds fo:) jkT; ljdkj dks gksxhA
¼3½ f)rh; vihy fuEufyf[kr vk/kkjksa esa ls fdlh vk/kkj ij gksxh] u fd vU; vk/kkjksa ij] vFkkZr%& ¼,d½ ;g fd vkns'k fof/k ds izfrdwy gS%;k ¼nks½ ;g fd vkns'k esa fof/k ds dfri; rkfRod fooknd dk vo/kkj.k ugha gks ik;k gS% ;k ¼rhu½ ;g fd bl vf/kfu;e }kjk dk ikyu djus esa ,slh lkjoku xyrh ;k =qfV gqbZ gS ftlls fd xq.kkoxq.k ij ekeys dk fofu'p; djus esa xyrh ;k =qfV dks x;h gks-
¼4½ izR;sd vihy fofgr jhfr esa lacaf/kr vihy izkf/kdkjh dks ml rkjh[k ds ftldks fd og vkns'k] ftlls fd fo:) vihy dh x;h gS] ml vkns'k ls izHkkfor gq, i{kdkj dks lalwfpr fd;k x;k Fkk] rhu fnu ds Hkhrj is'k dh tk;sxh-
ijarq bl /kkjk ds v/khu ifjlhekdky dh
lax.kuk djus essa ml vkns'k dh] ftlls fd fo:) vihy dh x;h gS] izfrfyfi vfHkizkIr djus ds fy;s visf{kr le; vioftZr dj fn;k tk;sxk-
iqujh{k.k 78 ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj ;k jftLVªkj Loizsj.kk ls ;k fdlh i{kdkj }kjk fd;s x;s fdlh vkosnu ij fdlh Hkh le; fuEufyf[kr dh oS/krk ;k vkSfpR; ds laca/k esa ;k mldh dk;Zokfg;ksa dh fu;ferrk ds lac/ak esa viuk lek/kku djus ds iz;kstu ds fy,] mldh oS/krk ;k vkSfpR; ds laca/k esa ,slk vkns'k ikfjr dj ldsxk] tSlk fd og mfpr le>s&
¼,d½ fdlh v/khuLFk vf/kdkjh }kjk dh xbZ tkaWp ;k dk;Zokgh ;k ikfjr fd;k x;k dksbZ vkns'k(
¼nks½ fdlh lkslkbZVh ;k fdlh lkslkbZVh dh lfefr ;k milfefr ds }kjk dh xbZ dksbZ dk;Zokgh ;k
fofu'p; ;k ladYi ;k ikfjr fd;k x;k dksbZ
vkns'k(
-101 -
¼rhu½ fdlh lkslkbZVh ds fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk dh xbZ tkap ;k dk;Zokgh ;k fofu'p; ;k ikfjr fd;k x;k dksbZ vkns'k%
ijUrq] fdlh Hkh vkns'k ;k fofu'p; ;k dk;Zokgh vkfn dks iqujh{k.k esa rc rd QsjQkfjr ;k myVk ugha tk,xk] rc rd fd fgrc) i{kdkjksa ij lwpuk dh rkehy u dj nh xbZ gks] vkSj mUgsa lquokbZ dk volj u ns fn;k x;k gksA
¼2½ dksbZ Hkh vkosnu xzg.k ugha fd;k tk,xk] tc rd fd og vkns'k dh rkjh[k ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj izLrqr u fd;k x;k gks] vkSj iwoksZDr dkykof/k dh lax.kuk djus esa mDr vkns'k dh izfrfyfi vfHkizkIr djus ds fy, visf{kr le; NksM+ fn;k tk,xk-
dfri; ekeyksa
esa dksbZ vihy
;k iqujh{k.k
ugha gksxk
79 bl vf/kfu;e esa varfoZ"V fdlh izfrdwy ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgkaW Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dh fyf[kr iwoZ eatwjh ls ;k mldh v/;izs{kk izkIr gksus ij &
¼,d½ fdlh lgdkjh cSad ds ifjlekiu ds fy, vkns'k fd;k x;k gks(;k
¼nks½ le>kSrk ;k Bgjko dh vFkok iqufuekZ.k ;k iquxZBu ;k lafofy;u dh dksbZ Ldhe cukbZ xbZ gks ;k izHkko'khy dh xbZ gks(;k
¼rhu½ fdlh lgdkjh cSad dh lfefr ds] pkgs og fdlh Hkh uke ls iqdkjh tkrh gks] vfr"Bku ;k fuyEcu ds fy, vkns'k fn;k x;k gks rFkk mlds izca/k ds fy, izHkkjh vf/kdkjh vkfn dh fu;qfDr dh xbZ gks] ogka mlds fo#) dksbZ vihy] iqujh{k.k ;k iqufoZyksdu ugha gksxk ;k vuqKs; ugha gksxk vkSj Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dk ,slk vkns'k ;k eatwjh ;k v/;is{kk iz'uxr fd;s tkus ds nkf;Rok/khu ugha gksxh-
iqufuoZyksdu 80 jkT; ljdkj vFkok jftLVªkj Loizsj.kk ls ;k fdlh fgrc) i{kdkj dk vkosnu i= izkIr gksus ij fdlh Hkh ekeysa esa vius Lo;a ds vkns'k dk iqufoZyksdu dj ldsaxs vkSj mlds laca/k esa ,slk vkns'k ikfjr dj ldsaxs] tSlk fd og U;k; laxr le>s% ijUrq fgrc) i{kdkj }kjk fd;k x;k dksbZ Hkh vkosnu i= rc rd xzg.k ugha fd;k tk,xk vkSj u gh fdlh ekeys dks Loizsj.kk ls fy;k tk,xk] tc rd ;FkkfLFkfr jkT; ljdkj ;k jftLVªkj dk ;g lek/kkj gks tk, fd lk{; dh ubZ rFkk egRoiw.kZ ,slh ckr dk irk yxk fy;k x;k gS] tks fd lE;d~ rRijrk dk iz;ksx djus ds i'pkr~ Hkh mudh ;k vkosnd dh
-102 -
tkudkjh esa ugha Fkh] og mlds }kjk ml le; izLrqr ugha dh tk ldh Fkh tcfd mldk vkns'k fd;k x;k Fkk ;k ;g fd dksbZ ,slh Hkwy ;k xyrh gqbZ gS] tks vfHkys[k ds ns[kus ls gh izdV gks tkrh gS] ;k fd dksbZ vU; i;kZIr dkj.k jgk gS%
ijUrq ;g fd] fdlh ,sls vkns'k es tc rd dksbZ ifjorZu] la'kks/ku ;k mikUrj.k ugha fd;k tk,xk ;k mldk rc rd iqujh{k.k ugha fd;k tk,xk] tc rd fd fgrc) i{kdkjksa dks milatkr gksus ds fy, rFkk lqus tkus ds fy, lwpuk u ns nh xbZ gks% ijUrq ;g vkSj fd] fdlh fgrc) i{kdkj ds vkosnu i= ij fdlh vkns'k dk iqufoZyksdu rc rd xzg.k ugha fd;k tk,xk] tc rd fd og vkosnu ml vkns'k ds ikfjr fd, tkus ds uCcs fnol ds Hkhrj u fd;k x;k gksA
dfri; ekeyksa
esa vihy
izkf/kdkjh }kjk
ifjlhekdky
dk c<+k;k tkuk
80&d mu leLr ekeyksa esa] ftuesa bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;g mica/k fd;k x;k gS fd fdlh Hkh fofu'p; ;k vkns'k ds fo#) vihy fdlh fofufnZ"V dkykof/k ds Hkhrj QkbZy dh tk ldsxh] vihy izkf/kdkjh ,slh dkykof/k dk volku gksus ds i'pkr~ vihy xzg.k dj ldsxkA ;fn vihyjkFkhZ vihy izkf/kdkjh dk ;g lek/kku dj ns fd ,slh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj vihy u djus ds ft, mlds ikl i;kZIr dkj.k FkkA Ekeyksa dk
vUrj.k ;k
izR;kgj.k
80&[k /kkjk 77 ,oa 78 ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, jftLVªkj] vij jftLVªkj] la;qDr jftLVªkj ;k mi& jftLVªkj bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ds v/khu mn~Hkwr gksus okys fdlh ekeys ;k fdlh oxZ ds ekeyksa dks fofu'p; ds fy, vius v/khuLFk fdlh ,sls vf/kdkjh dks] tks ,sls ekeys ;k ,sls oxZ ds ekeyksa dks fofu'p; djus ds fy, l{ke gks] viuh Lo;a dh Qkby esa ls vUrfjr dj ldsxk ;k og fdlh Hkh ,sls vf/kdkjh ls fdlh ekeys ;k fdlh oxZ ds ekeyksaa dks izR;kâr dj ldsxk rFkk ,sls ekeyks ;k ,sls oxZ ds ekeyksa ds laca/k esa Lo;a dk;Zokgh dj ldsxk ;k mUgsa vius v/khuLFk fdlh vU; ,sls vf/kdkjh dks] tks ,sls ekeys ;k ,sls oxZ ds ekeyksa dks fofu'p; djus ds fy, l{ke gks] fufnZ"V dj ldsxkA
-103 -
vUroZrhZ vkns'k djus dh 'kfDr 80&x tgka dksbZ vihy ;k iqujh{k.k ;k iqufoyksdu ;k dksbZ vU; vkosnu bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj ;k jftLVªkj dks fd;k x;k gks] ogka ;FkkfLFkfr jkT; ljdkj ;k jftLVªkj] U;k; ds m)s';ksa dks foQy gksus ls jksdus ds fy, ;FkkfLFkfr vihy ;k iqujh{k.k ;k iqufoZyksdu ds vkosnu&i= ij fofu'p; yafcr jgus dh vof/k esa ,sls vUroZrhZ vkns'k dj ldsxk] tks fd mls U;k;laxr ,oa lqfo/kkiw.kZ izrhr gks ;k ,sls vkns'k dj ldsxk] tks U;k; ds m)s';ksa ds fy, ;k mldh izfØ;k ds nq#i;ksx dks jksdus ds fy, vko';d gksaA vkns'kksa ds
fu"iknu dk
jksdk tkuk
80&?k ¼1½ vf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkjh ftlus dksbZ vkns'k ikfjr fd;k gks ;k mldk in mRrjorhZ] vihy ;k iqujh{k.k ds fy, fofgr dh xbZ dkykof/k dk volku gksus ds iwoZ] fdlh Hkh le;] ;g funsZ'k ns ldsxk fd ,sls vkns'k dk fu"iknu mrus le; rd ds fy, jksd fn;k tk;s tks vihy ;k iqujh{k.k QkbZy djus rFkk vihy ;k
iqujh{k.k izkf/kdkjh ls jksd vkns'k ¼LVs vkMZj½ vfHkizkIr djus ds fy, visf{kr gksA
¼2½ og izkf/kdkjh] tks /kkjk 77 ;k /kkjk 78 ;k /kkjk 80 }kjk iznRr 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj jgk gks] ;g funsZ'k ns ldsxk fd ml vkns'k dk] tks vihy ;k iqujh{k.k ;k iqufoZyksdu ds v/khu gS] fu"iknu mrus le; rd ds fy, jksd fn;k tk,] tSlk fd og mfpr le>sA ¼3½ fdlh vkns'k dk fu"iknu jksd fn, tkus dk funsZ'k nsus okyk vf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkjh ,slh 'krsZ vf/kjksfir dj ldsxk ;k ,slh izfrHkwfr fn;s tkus dk vkns'k ns ldsxk] tSlk fd og mfpr le>s A
Yafcr ekeyksa dk
varj.k
80&M- ewy vf/kfu;e ds v/khu e/;izns'k jkT; lgdkjh vf/kdj.k ds le{k NRrhlx<+ lgdkjh lkslkbZVh
¼lalks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 2003 ds izHkko'khy gksus dh rkjh[k ij yafcr izR;sd vihy ;k iqujh{k.k ;k dksbZ vU; dk;Zokgh jkT; ljdkj dks varfjr gks tk,xhA 80&p dksbZ vf/kdkjh ;k dksbZ izkf/kdkjh bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k mlds v/khu jkT; ljdkj dks iznRr dh xbZ ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj fo'ks"k ;k lk/kkj.k vkns'k ls izR;k;ksftr gksdj ,sls {ks=ksa ds Hkhrj rFkk ,sls izdj.kksa esa iz;qDr djsaxs] tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj fofufnZ"V djsaA
-104 -
X;kjgoka v/;k;& izdh.kZ ljdkj dks
'kks/; jkf'k;ksa dh olwyh-
81 ¼1½ os leLr jkf'k;ka] tks fdlh lkslkbVh ;k fdlh lkslkbVh ds fdlh vf/kdkjh] lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k fdlh e`r lnL; }kjk ml gSfl;r esa jkT; ljdkj dks 'kks/; gksa] ftuds vUrxZr dksbZ ,sls [kpsZ Hkh vkrs gSa tks bl vf/kfu;e ds fdUgha mica/kksa ds v/khu ljdkj dks fnyok;s x;s gksa] jftLVªkj }kjk bl laca/k esa tkjh fd;s x;s izek.k i= ij] mlh jhfr esa olwy fd;s tk ldsaxs ftl jhfr esa fd Hkw&jktLo ds cdk;k olwy fd;s tkrs gSa-
¼2½ os jkf'k;ka] tks fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk jkT; ljdkj dks 'kks/; gksa rFkk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu olwyh ;ksX; gksa]&
-105 -
¼d½ izFker%] lkslkbVh dh lEifRr ls( ¼[k½ f}rh;r%] fdlh ,slh lkslkbVh dh n'kk esa] ftlds fd lnL;ksa dk nkf;Ro lhfer gks] lnL;ksa ;k HkwriwoZ lnL;ksa ls] ;k e`r lnL;ksa dh lEinkvksa ls] muds nkf;Ro dh lhek ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,]
olwy dh tk ldsxh%
ijUrq er̀d ds fdlh fof/kd izfrfuf/k dk nkf;Ro e`rd dh ml lEifRr dh lhek rd gh gksxk tks fd ,sls fof/kd izfrfuf/k ds gkFk esa vkbZ gks( vkSj ¼x½ r`rh;r%] vU; lkslkbfV;ksa dh n'kk esa] lnL;ksa ;k HkwriwoZ lnL;ksa ls ;k e`r
lnL;ksa dh lainkvksa ls olwy dh tk
ldsaxh %
ijUrq HkwriwoZ lnL;ksa dk ;k er̀ lnL;ksa dh laink dk nkf;Ro leLr ekeyksa esa /kkjk 29 ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu gksxk-
lgdkjh
lkslkbVh ds
O;frØeh
lnL;ksa ds
fo:) dk;Zokgh
djus dh fdlh
foRrnk;h cSad
dh 'kfDr-
81&d ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ lgdkjh lkslkbVh vius _.k ml foRrnk;h cSad dks] ftlls fd mlus os _.k fy, gS] pqdkus esa bl dkj.k vleFkZ gks fd mlds lnL;ksa us muds }kjk 'kks/; /ku dk Hkqxrku djus esa O;frØe fd;k gS] rks og foRrnk;h cSad ,slh lkslkbVh dh lfefr dks funs'k ns ldsxk fd og ,sls lnL;ksa ds fo:) /kkjk 64 ds v/khu dk;Zokgh djds vxzlj gks-
¼2½ ;fn lgdkjh lkslkbVh dh lfefr foRrnk;h cSad ls ,slk funs'k izkIr gksus dh rkjh[k ls uCcs fnu dh dkykof/k ds Hkhrj vius O;frØeh lnL;ksa ds fo:) dk;Zokgh u djs] rks foRrnk;h cSad Lo;a ,sls O;frØeh lnL;ksa ds fo:) dk;Zokgh dj ldsxk vkSj ml n'kk esa bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/k vkSj mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;e rFkk mifof/k;ka mlh izdkj ykxw gksaxh@gksaxs ekuksa fd mDr mica/kksa] fu;eksa rFkk mifof/k;ksa esa lkslkbVh ;k mldh lfefr ds izfr fd;s x;s leLr funsZ'k foRrnk;h cSad ds izfr funsZ'k gksa- ¼3½ tgka fdlh foRrnk;h cSad us viuh _.kh fdlh lkslkbVh ds fo:) dksbZ fMØh ;k vf/kfu.kZ; vfHkizkIr fd;k gks] ogka cSad ,sls /kuksa dks ml lkslkbVh dh
-106 -
vkfLr;ksa ls mu _.kksa dh lhek rd tks fd lkslkbVh }kjk 'kks/; gksa] olwy djus dh dk;Zokgh dj ldsxk- U;k;ky;ksa dh
vf/kdkfjrk dk
otZu-
82 ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e esa ;Fkk micaf/kr ds flok;] fdlh flfoy ;k jktLo U;k;ky; dks fuEufyf[kr ds laca/k esa dksbZ vf/kdkfjrk ugha gksxh-&
¼d½ fdlh lkslkbVh dk ;k mifof/k;ksa dk ;k fdlh mifof/k ds fdlh la'kks/ku dk jftLVªhdj.k( ¼[k½ fdlh lfefr dk gVk;k tkuk rFkk bl izdkj gVk;s tkus ds i'pkr~ lkslkbVh dk izca/k( ¼x½ dksbZ ,slk fookn ftldk fd jftLVªkj dks ;k mlds uke fufnZ"V O;fDr dks ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkuk visf{kr gks(
¼?k½ fdlh lkslkbVh ds ifjlekiu rFkk mlds fo?kVu ls lacaf/kr dksbZ ekeyk-
¼2½ tc fdlh lkslkbVh dk ifjlekiu fd;k tk jgk gS] rks ,slh lkslkbVh ds dkjckj ds laca/k esa lekid ds fo:) ml gSfl;r esa] ;k ml lkslkbVh ds ;k mlds fdlh lnL; ds fo:) dksbZ okn ;k vU; fof/kd dk;Zokfg;ka jftLVªkj dh vuqefr ls rFkk ,sls fucU/kuksa ds] tSls fd og vf/kjksfir djs] v/;/khu jgrs gq, gh vxzlj dh tk;xh ;k lafLFkr dh tk;sxh vU;Fkk ugha- ¼3½ bl vf/kfu;e esa ;Fkk micaf/kr ds flok;] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fd;k x;k dksbZ vkns'k] fofu'p; ;k vf/kfu.kZ; fdlh Hkh U;k;ky; esa fdlh Hkh vk/kkj ij iz'uxr ugha fd;k tk;xk-
[kpsZ dh olwyh- 83- dksbZ jkf'k] tks /kkjk 63 ds v/khu [kpZ ds :Ik esa vf/kfuf.kZr dh xbZ gks] jftLVªkj }kjk] fdlh ,sls
eftLVªsV dks vkosnu fd;k tkus ij tks ml LFkkuh;
{ks= ij vf/kdkfjrk j[krk gS tgka fd og O;fDr]
ftlls fd og jde nkok dh tkus ;ksX; gS] fuokl
djrk gS ;k dkjckj djrk gS] ,sls O;fDr dh fdlh
,slh lEifRr dks] tks fd ,sls eftLVªsV dh vf/kdkfjrk dh lhekvksa ds Hkhrj gks] cspdj olwy dh tk ldsxh
vkSj ,slk eftLVªsV mls olwy djus ds fy, mlh jhfr
esa dk;Zokgh dj sxk ekuks fd ;g jkf'k Lo;a mlds }kjk vf/kjksfir fd;k x;k tqekZuk gks-
Hkkj dk izorZu- 84 lkrosa v/;k; esa ;k rRle; izo`Rr fdlh vU; fof/k esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdUrq olwyh dh fdlh vU; jhfr ij] tks fd bl vf/kfu;e esa micaf/kr
-107 -
gS] izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] jftLVªkj ;k jftLVªkj }kjk bl laca/k esa l'kDr fd;k x;k dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] lkslkbVh dk vkosnu izkIr gksus ij rFkk ,sls fu;eksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, tSls fd jkT; ljdkj bl laca/k esa cuk,] fdlh lnL; ;k HkwriwoZ ;k e`r lnL; }kjk lkslkbVh dks 'kks/; fdlh _.k ;k ijkns; ekax dk] ml laifRr ;k mlesa ds fdlh fgr dh] tks /kkjk 40 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½] /kkjk 41 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ rfkk /kkjk 42 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½] ¼2½ rFkk ¼3½ ds v/khu fdlh Hkkj ds v/;/khu gks] dqdhZ rFkk foØ; }kjk ;k ,slh dkykof/k ds fy, rFkk ,sls fuca/kuksa ,oa 'krksZa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq, tSlh fd jftLVªkj ;k ,slk vU; O;fDr fofufnZ"V djs] fdlh vU; jhfr esa mlds vUrj.k }kjk Hkqxrku fd;s tkus dk funsZ'k nsrs gq, vkns'k dj ldsxk %
ijUrq bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ Hkh vkns'k rc rd ugha fd;k tk;xk tc rd fd lnL; ij] HkwriwoZ lnL; ij ;k er̀ lnL; ds uke funsZf'kr O;fDr] okfjl ;k fof/kd izfrfuf/k ij vkosnu dh lwpuk dh rkehy u dj nh xbZ gks vkSj mlus ,sls rkehy dh rkjh[k ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj _.k ;k ijkns; ekax dk Hkqxrku djus esa pwd u dh gks-
dfri;
lkslkbfV;ksa dks
'kks/; jkf'k;ksa
dh olwyh-
84&d ¼1½ /kkjk 64] 69 vkSj 78 esa varfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fdlh lgdkjh x`g fuekZ.k lkslkbZVh vFkok NRrhlx<+ jkT; lgdkjh vkokl la?k ;k izkFkfed 'kgjh lgdkjh cSad }kjk viuh cdk;k 'kks/; jkf'k dh olwyh ds fy, vkosnu fd;k tkus ij jftLVªkj ,slh tkap djus ds i'pkr~ tSlh fd og mfpr le>s] mlesa dfFkr jde dh olwyh ds fy, mlds cdk;k ds #i es 'kks/; gksus dk izek.k i= iznku dj ldsxkA ¼2½ jftLVªkj }kjk iznRr izek.k&i= mlesa dfFkr cdk;k dk vafre ,oa fu'pk;d lcwr gksxk vkSj og Hkw&jktLo ds cdk;k ds :Ik esa olwyh ;ksX; gksxk-
vkns'kksa vkfn dk
fu"iknu-
85 bl vf/kfu;e ds fdUgha Hkh mica/kksa ds v/khu jftLVªkj }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k izR;sd vkns'k ;k fd;k x;k izR;sd vf/kfu.kZ; ;k fd;k x;k izR;sd fofu'p;] vihyh ;k iqujh{k.k izkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k izR;sd vkns'k vkSj lekid }kjk fd;k x;k izR;sd vkns'k ;k fofu'p;] ;fn dk;kZfUor u fd;k x;k gks]&
-108 -
¼d½ jftLVªkj }kjk ;k mlds }kjk bl laca/k esa izkf/kd`r fd;s x;s fdlh O;fDr }kjk gLrk{kfjr izek.k i= ds ns fn;s tkus ij] flfoy U;k;ky; dh fMØh le>k tk;xk vkSj mlh jhfr esa fu"ikfnr fd;k tk;xk ftl jhfr esa fd ,sls U;k;ky; dh fMØh fu"ikfnr dh tkrh gS( ;k
¼[k½ ml fof/k ds vuqlkj rFkk mu fu;eksa ds v/khu] tks fd Hkw&jktLo ds cdk;k dh olwyh ds fy, rRle; izo`Rr gksa] fu"ikfnr fd;k tk;xk( ;k
¼x½ jftLVªkj }kjk ;k bl laca/k esa jftLVªkj }kjk l'kDr fd;s x;s fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk] ml O;fDr ;k lkslkbVh dh] ftlds fd fo:) vkns'k] fofu'p; ;k iapkV vfHkizkIr fd;k x;k gks ;k ikfjr fd;k x;k gks] fdlh laifRr dks ,slh jhfr esa] tSlh fd fofgr dh tk;] dqdZ djds rFkk vUrfjr djds ;k csp dj ;k dqdZ fd;s fcuk csp dj fu"ikfnr fd;k tk;xk % ijUrq [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu olwyh ds fy, dksbZ Hkh vkosnu&
¼,d½ dysDVj dks fd;k tk;xk vkSj mlds lkFk jftLVªkj }kjk ;k mlds }kjk bl laca/k esa izkf/kd`r fd;s x;s fdlh O;fDr }kjk gLrk{kfjr izek.k i= layXu gksxk% vkSj
¼nks½ vkns'k] fofu'p; ;k iapkV esa fu;r dh xbZ rkjh[k ls ikap o"kZ ds Hkhrj vkSj ;fn ,slh dksbZ rkjh[k fu;r u dh xbZ gks] rks ;FkkfLFkfr vkns'k] fofu'p; ;k iapkV dh rkjh[k ls ikap o"kZ ds Hkhrj fd;k tk;xk-
LFkkoj laifRr
dk dCtk nsus
ds vkns'k dks
fu"ikfnr djus
dh jhfr-
85&d tc fdlh O;fDr ds fo:) LFkkoj laifRr dk dCtk nsus dk vkns'k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ikfjr dj fn;k x;k gks] rks ,slk vkns'k fuEufyf[kr jhfr esa fu"ikfnr fd;k tk;xk] vFkkZr~ %&
¼d½ dCtk j[kus okys O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa ij ,d lwpuk dh rkehy djds ftlls mlls @
muls ;g vis{kk dh tk;xh fd og @ os
-109 -
mDr lwpuk dh izkfIr ds i'pkr~ ,sls le; ds Hkhrj] tSlk fd ;qfDr;qDr izrhr gks] mls fjDr dj ns @ nas( vkSj
¼[k½ ;fn ,slh lwpuk dk ikyu u fd;k tk; rks fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks] tks mls fjDr djus ls bUdkj djs] gVkdj ;k gVkus ds fy, fdlh v/khuLFk dks izfrfu;qDr djds] vkSj ¼x½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks gVkus okys vf/kdkjh dk izfrjks/k djs ;k mls ck/kk igqapk;s] rks /kkjk 3 esa fofufnZ"V fd;s x;s vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls fdlh Hkh vf/kdkjh dks fu;qDr djds tks ekeys ds rF;ksa dh laf{kIr tkap djsxk vkSj ;fn mldk ;g lek/kku gks tk; fd izfrjks/k ;k ck/kk dk dksbZ U;k;laxr dkj.k ugha Fkk vkSj ;g fd ,slk izfrjks/k ;k ck/kk vHkh Hkh pkyw gS] rks og fdUgha Hkh ,slh dk;Zokfg;ksa ij] ftuds fd fy, ,slk O;fDr ,sls izfrjks/k ;k ck/kk laca/kh naM ls lacaf/kr rRle; izo`Rr fdlh fof/k ds v/khu nk;h gks] izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] ,slh dk;Zokgh dj ldsxk ;k djok ldsxk vkSj ,slk cy iz;ksx dj ldsxk ;k djok ldsxk] tks ,sls vf/kdkjh dh jk; esa] ml vkns'k ds vuqikyu dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ;qfDr;qDr :Ik ls vko';d gks-
lwpuk dh
rkehy-
86 ¼1½ ,slh izR;sd lwpuk ;k vkns'k dks] tks bl vf/kfu;e] fu;eksa ;k mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu tkjh dh xbZ ;k fd;k x;k gS] fdlh O;fDr ij rkehy] mls jlhnh
jftLVªhdr̀ Mkdi= }kjk] ftlesa og lwpuk ;k vkns'k vUrfoZ"V gksxk] ,sls O;fDr ds fuokl ;k dkjckj ds vfUre Kkr LFkku ij mfpr :Ik ls lacksf/kr djds dh tk ldsxh%
ijUrq fdlh lgdkjh lfefr }kjk cqyk;s x;s fdlh lfEeyu ls laacaf/kr lwpuk Mkd izek.k i= ¼lfVZfQdsV vkWQ iksfLVax½ ds v/khu vkSj ;k mldh izkfIr dh vfHkLohd`fr vfHkizkIr djus ds i'pkr~ O;fDr'k% ifjnRr djds tkjh dh tk;xh-
¼2½ dksbZ vfHkLohd`fr] ftldk fd ,sls O;fDr }kjk gLrk{kfjr gksuk rkRif;Zr gks] ;k fdlh Mkd deZpkjh }kjk fd;k x;k bl vk'k; dk i`"Bkadu fd ml O;fDr us ifjnku ysus ls bUdkj dj fn;k gS] rkehy dk izFke
-110 -
n`"V;k lk{; le>k tk ldsxk % ijUrq ;fn lwpuk dh rkehy bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eksa] ;k lkslkbVh dh mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu micaf/kr fdlh jhfr esa ugha dh tk ldrh gks rks mldh ,d izfr ml O;fDr] ds ftls lwpuk nh tkuh gS] vafre Kkr fuokl LFkku ij ;k ,sls LFkku ij ;k ,sls LFkku esa yksd lekxe ds fdlh LFkku ij yxkbZ tk,xh-
jftLVªkj rFkk
vU; vf/kdkjh
vkfn]
yksdlsod gksaxs-
87 ,slk izR;sd vf/kdkjh ;k O;fDr rFkk lkFk gh fdlh lgdkjh cSad ;k fdlh lgdkjh lkslkbVh dk izR;sd deZpkjh ;k izR;sd izkf/kdkjh tks bl vf/kfu;e ;k mlds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;eksa] mifof/k;ksa ds v/khu dh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj jgk gks ;k mu 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djus ds fy;s izkf/kd`r gks] Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk] 1860 ¼1860 dk la- 45½ dh /kkjk 21 ds vFkZ ds vUrxZr yksd lsod le>k tk;xk-
ln~HkkoiwoZd
fd;s x;s dk;ksZa
ds fy,
ifj=k.k-
88 jftLVªkj ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds] tks mldk v/khuLFk gks ;k mlds izkf/kdkj ds v/khu dk;Z dj jgk gks] fo:) fdlh Hkh ,slh ckr ds laca/k esa] tks fd mlds }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ln~HkkoiwoZd dh xbZ gks ;k ftldk fd mlds }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ln~HkkoiwoZd fd;k tkuk rkRif;Zr jgk gks] dksbZ okn] vfHk;kstu ;k vU; fof/kd dk;Zokgh ugha gksxh- flfoy
U;k;ky;ksa dh
'kfDr;ka-
89 ¼1½ jftLVªkj] mlds uke fufnZ"V O;fDr ;k ukefufnZ"V O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ ;k fdlh ,sls vU; O;fDr dks] tks fdlh fookn dk fofu'p; dj jgk gks] rFkk fdlh lkslkbVh ds lekid dks] bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k mlds v/khu mls iznRr dh xbZ 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djrs le;] fuEufyf[kr ckrksa ds laca/k esa os leLr 'kfDr;ka izkIr gksaxh tks fd flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 ¼1908 dk vf/kfu;e la- 5 ½ ds v/khu fdlh okn dk fopkj.k djrs le; fdlh flfoy U;k;ky; dks gksrh gS] vFkkZr~ %&
¼d½ fdlh O;fDr dks leu djuk rFkk mldks gkftj djkuk rFkk 'kiFk ij mldh ijh{kk
djuk(
¼[k½ fdlh nLrkost ds izdVhdj.k rFkk mls is'k fd;s tkus dh vis{kk djuk(
¼x½ 'kiFki=ksa }kjk rF;ksa dk lcwr( vkSj ¼?k½ lkf{k;ksa dh ijh{kk ds fy, deh'ku fudkyuk-
-111 -
¼2½ fdlh 'kiFk i= dh n'kk esa] ;FkkfLFkfr jftLVªkj }kjk fu;qDr fd;k x;k dksbZ vf/kdkjh] mldk uke funsZf'kr O;fDr ;k ukefunsZf'kr O;fDr;ksa dk cksMZ ;k lekid vfHklk{kh dks 'kiFk fnyk ldsxk-
jftLVªkj ;k
mlds }kjk
l'kDr fd;k
x;k O;fDr
dfri;
iz;kstuksa ds
fy, flfoy
U;k;ky; gksxk-
90 jftLVªkj ;k mlds }kjk bl laca/k esa l'kDr fd;s x;s fdlh O;fDr dks tcfd og fdlh lEifRr dks dqdZ djds rFkk cspdj ;k dqdZ fd;s fcuk cspdj dksbZ jde olwy djus ds fy, bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dh fdUgha 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx dj jgk gks ;k tcfd og fdlh ,sls vkosnu ij] tks fd ,slh olwyh djus ds fy, ;k ,slh olwyh djus ds gsrq lgk;d dne mBkus ds fy, mldks fd;k x;k gks] dksbZ vkns'k ikfjr dj jgk gks] bafM;u fyfeVs'ku ,DV 1908] ¼1908 dk la[;kad 9½ dh vuqlwph 1 ds vuqPNsn 182 ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, flfoy U;k;ky; le>k tk;xk- daiuh
vf/kfu;e ykxw
ugha gksxk-
92 dEiuh vf/kfu;e] 1956 ¼1956 dk vf/kfu;e la-1 ½ ds mica/k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhd`r dh xbZ lkslkbfV;ksa dks ykxw ugha gksaxs-
dfri; vU;
vf/kfu;e
lgdkjh
lkslkbfV;ksa dks
ykxw ugha gksaxs-
93 NRrhlx<+ nqdku rFkk LFkkiuk vf/kfu;e] 1958 ¼Ø- 25 lu~ 1958½] NRrhlx<+ b.MfLVª;y odZesu ¼LVsf.Mx vkMZlZ ½ ,DV] 1959 ¼Ø- 19 lu~ 1959½ rFkk NRrhlx<+ vkS|ksfxd laca/k vf/kfu;e] 1960 ¼Ø- 27 lu~ 1960½ esa vUrfoZ"V dksbZ Hkh ckr bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ dh xbZ fdlh lkslkbVh dks ykxw ugha gksxh-
oknksa esa lwpuk
nsuk vko';d
gksxk-
94 fdlh lkslkbVh ;k mlds vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls fdlh Hkh vf/kdkjh ds fo:) fdlh Hkh ,sls dk;Z ds laca/k esa] tks ml lkslkbVh ds xBu] izca/k ;k dkjckj ls lacaf/kr gks] dksbZ Hkh okn rc rd lafLFkr ugha fd;k tk;xk tc rd fd ,slh fyf[kr lwpuk] ftlesa fd
okn&gsrqd] oknh dk uke] fooj.k rFkk mldk fuokl LFkku ,oa og vuqrks"k] ftldk fd og nkok djrk gks] dfFkr fd;k x;k gks] jftLVªkj dks ifjnRr dj nh tkus ;k mlds dk;kZy; esa NksM+ nh tkus ds i'pkr~ ls vkxkeh nks ekl dk volku u gks x;k gks] vkSj okn i= esa ;g dFku varfoZ"V gksxk fd ,slh lwpuk bl izdkj ifjnRr dh tk pqdh gS ;k NksM+h tk pqdh gS- fu;e cukus dh
'kfDr-
95 ¼1½ ljdkj] laiw.kZ jkT; ds fy, ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds fy, rFkk fdlh lkslkbVh ;k fdlh oxZ dh
lkslkbfV;ksa ds fy,] fu;e ,slh lkslkbVh ds ;k ,sls oxZ dh lkslkbfV;ksa ds dkedkt ds lapkyu ;k fofu;eu ds gsrq rFkk bl vf/kfu;e ds leLr iz;kstuksa ;k muesa ls fdlh Hkh iz;kstu dks dk;kZfUor
-112 -
djus ds fy, cuk ldssxh- ¼2½ fof'k"Vr;k rFkk iwoZxkeh 'kfDr dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] ,sls fu;e -& ¼d½ /kkjk 3 ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] mu 'kfDr;ksa dk tks fd jftLVªkj esa fufgr gS] jftLVªkj dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;s x;s O;fDr;ksa dks izR;k;kstu fofgr dj ldsaxs rFkk jftLVªkj dks mifof/k;ksa ds izLFkkfir la'kks/ku dh izfrfyfi;ka Hkstus dh jhfr fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼[k½ fdlh lkslkbVh ds jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, vkosnu djus esa iz;ksx esa yk;s tkus okys izk:Ik rFkk vuqikyu dh tkus okyh 'krsZa ,oa ,sls vkosnuksa ds fo"k; esa vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfØ;k fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼x½ os fo"k;] ftuds laca/k esa dksbZ lkslkbVh mifof/k;ka cuk ldsxh vFkok ftuds laca/k esa mifof/k;ka cukus ds fy, jftLVªkj fdlh lkslkbVh dks funs'k ns ldsxk] rFkk og izfØ;k] ftldk fd vuqlj.k mifof/k;ka cukus] muesa ifjorZu djus rFkk mUgsa fujkd`r djus esa fd;k tk;sxk ,oa os 'krsZa ftudks fd mifof/k;ksa ds bl izdkj cuk;s tkus] ifjofrZr fd;s tkus ;k fujkd`r fd;s tkus ds iwoZ iwjk fd;k tk;xk] fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼x&1½ fdlh lkslkbVh ds fdlh lnL; ds izf'k{k.k ds fy, dkykof/k fofgr dj ldsaxs rFkk izf'k{k.k ikB~;Øe esa gkftj gksus ds fy, fdlh lkslkbVh ds fdlh lnL; ls vis{kk djus dh jhfr fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼x&2½ fdlh la?kh; lkslk;Vh ds oS;fDrd lnL; ds ernku laca/kh vf/kdkj dk fofu;eu djus dh jhfr fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼?k½ lkslkbVh dk uke ;k mldk nkf;Ro rCnhy djus ds fy, rFkk mlds iqulZaxBu ;k iquxZBu ds fy, vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfØ;k rFkk vuqikyu dh tkus okyh 'krsZa fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼M-½ os 'krsZ] ftudk vuqikyu lnL; ds :Ik esa izos'k ds fy, vkosnu djus okys ;k lnL; ds :Ik esa izfo"V fd;s x;s O;fDr }kjk fd;k
-113 -
tk;xk] fofgr dj ldsaxs rFkk lnL;ksa ds fuokZpu ,oa izos'k ds fy, rFkk lnL;rk ds vf/kdkj dk iz;ksx djus ds iwoZ fd;ss tkus okys Hkqxrku ,oa vftZr fd;s tkus okys fgr ds fy, micU/k dj ldsaxs(
¼p½ /kkjk 24 ds mica/kksa ds v/;/khu jgrs gq,] fdlh lkslkbVh ds va'kksa dh og vf/kdre la[;k ;k mldh iwath dk og Hkkx] tks fd fdlh lnL; }kjk /kkj.k fd;k tk ldsxk] fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼N½ lnL;ksa ds okfil fy;s tkus ;k gVk;s tkus rFkk mudks lank; djus ds fy, micU/k dj ldsaxs( ¼t½ ml O;fDr ds] ftls fd fdlh er̀ lnL; dk va'k ;k fgr lanRr ;k vUrfjr fd;k tk ldsxk] uke&funsZ'ku ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs(
¼>½ fdlh HkwriwoZ lnL; ;k e`r lnL; ds va'k ;k fgr dk ewY; vfHkfuf'pr djus ds fy, micU/k dj ldsaxs(
¼=½ m/kkj ds fy, vkosnu djus okys lnL;ksa dks fd;s tkus okys Hkqxrku rFkk muds }kjk vuqikyu dh tkus okyh 'krsZa] og dkykof/k] ftlds fy, m/kkj fn;s tk ldsaxs rFkk og jde] tks fdlh ,d lnL; dks m/kkj nh tk ldsxh] fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼=&1½ fdlh lalk/ku lkslkbVh esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa@ vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa rFkk vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxksZa ds lnL;ksa ds fy, LFkkuksa ds vkj{k.k ds fy, vuqikr fofgr dj ldsaxs rFkk ;g micU/k dj ldsaxs fd mi;qZDr tkfr;ksa] tutkfr;ksa ;k oxksZa dk dksbZ lnL; fdlh lalk/ku lkslkbVh ds v/;{k@ lHkkifr ;k mik/;{k@mi&lHkkifr dk in /kkj.k djsxk(
¼V½ jftLVªkj ds ;k fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkjh ds dk;kZy; esa nLrkostksa ds fujh{k.k ds fy, rFkk mu nLrkostksa dh izekf.kr izfrfyfi;ka nh tkus ds fy, Qhl ds mn~xzg.k ds fy, micU/k dj ldsaxs(
¼B½ lnL;ksa dk jftLVj vkSj tgka lnL;ksa dk nkf;Ro va'kksa }kjk ifjlhfer gks] ogka va'kksa dk
-114 -
jftLVj rFkk lnL;ksa dh lwph cukbZ tkus rFkk j[kh tkus ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs( ¼M½ ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs fd fdlh lkslkbVh dh va'kiwath ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd va'k ds ewY; esa o`f) ugha gksxh vkSj vko';drkuqlkj lkslkbVh ds fy, vko';d iwath miyC/k jgsxh] vko';drkuqlkj ifjofrZr dh tk ldsxh(
¼<½ os fucU/ku rFkk 'krsZa ftu ij fd ljdkj lkslkbfV;ksa dks va'kiwath vfHknk; dj ldsxh ;k mUgsa foRrh; ;k vU; lgk;rk ns ldsxh] vkSj os fuca/ku rFkk 'krsZa] ftu ij fd ljdkj lkslkbVh }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s fMcsapjksa ;k fy;s x;s m/kkjksa ds ewy/ku ;k mu ij ds C;kt ds Hkqxrku ds fy, izfrHkwfr ns ldsxh] fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼.k½ og jhfr] ftlesa fdlh lkslkbVh ;k lkslkbfV;ksa ds fdlh oxZ }kjk va'kksa ds ;k fMcsapjksa ds vk/kkj ij ;k vU;Fkk fuf/k;ka bdV~Bh dh tk ldsaxh vkSj bl izdkj bdV~Bh dh xbZ fuf/k;ksa dh ek=k fofu;fer dj ldsaxs(
¼r½ fdlh lnL;] HkwriwoZ lnL;] ;k èr lnL; }kjk lkslkbVh dks ns; _.k ;k cdk;k ekax ds C;kSjs ds ckjs esa rglhynkj dks lalwpuk nsus dh jhfr fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼Fk½ og izfØ;k] ftlds }kjk dksbZ lkslkbVh MwcUr _.kksa dh lax.kuk djsxh rFkk mUgsa cV~Vs [kkrs Mkysxh] fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼n½ vkjf{kr fuf/k;ka cukbZ tkus rFkk j[kh tkus ,oa mn~ns';ksa] ftuds fd fy, ,slh fuf/k;ka mi;ksftr dh tk ldsaxh] ds fy, rFkk
lkslkbVh ds fu;a=.kk/khu fdlh fuf/k] ftlds vUrxZr vkjf{kr fuf/k vkrh gS] ds fofu;kstu rFkk mi;ksx ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs( ¼/k½ og nj] ftl ij fd dksbZ lkslkbVh NRrhlx<+ jkT; lgdkjh la?k ds ys[ks vfHknk; djsxh] fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼u½ /kkjk 44 ds v/khu fdlh lkslkbVh dh fuf/k;ksa ds fofufgr fd;s tkus dk izdkj rFkk fdlh izfrHkwfr ;k izfrHkwfr;ksa ds fdlh oxZ esa fofu/kku dk vuqikr fofgr dj ldsaxs( ¼i½ fdlh ,sls Hkfo"; fuf/k ds izfr] tks fd fdlh lkslkbVh }kjk mu vf/kdkfj;ksa ;k deZpkfj;ksaa ds] tks fd muds }kjk fu;ksftr fd;s x;s gksa]
-115 -
Qk;ns ds fy, LFkkfir dh xbZ gks] vfHknk; ds lank; ds fy, rFkk ,slh Hkfo"; fuf/k ds iz'kklu ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs( ¼Q½ lnL;ksa ds lk/kkj.k lfEeyuksa ds fy, rFkk ,sls lfEeyuksa esa dh izfØ;k rFkk ,sls lfEeyuksa }kjk iz;ksx dh tkus okyh 'kfDr;ksa ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs(
¼c½ lfefr ds lnL;ksa rFkk vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr] muds fuyacu ,oa muds gVk;s tkus ds fy, rFkk /kkjk 53 ds v/khu fdlh O;fDr ;k fdUgha O;fDr;ksa dh fu;qfDr ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs vkSj lfefr ds lfEeyuksa esa dh izfØ;k fofgr dj ldsaxs rFkk lfefr] O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa ,oa vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk iz;ksx dh tkus okyh 'kfDr;ksa rFkk ikyu fd;s tkus okys dRrZO;ksa ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs( ¼Hk½ fdlh lkslkbVh ;k fdlh oxZ dh lkslkbfV;ksa dh lfefr ds lnL;ksa rFkk fdlh lkslkbVh ;k fdlh oxZ dh lkslkbfV;ksa ds deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, vgZrk,a vkSj fujgZrk,a rFkk lsok dh os 'krsZa] ftuds fd v/;/khu O;fDr;ksa dh lkslkbfV;ksa }kjk fu;qfDr dh tk ldsxh] fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼e½ lkslkbVh }kjk jftLVªkj dks izLrqr dh tkus okyh foojf.k;ka fofgr dj ldsaxs rFkk ,sls O;fDr ftlds }kjk rFkk ,sls iz:Ik ftlesa ,slh foojf.k;ka izLrqr dh tk;axh] ds laca/k esa mica/k dj ldsaxs(
¼;½ ,sls O;fDr] ftlds }kjk rFkk ,sls iz:Ik ftlesa nLrkostksa rFkk lkslkbVh dh iqLrdksa esa dh izfof"V;ksa dh izfrfyfi;ka izekf.kr dh tk ldsaxh] ds laca/k esa rFkk mudh izfrfyfi;ksa dk iznk; fd;k tkus ds fy, mn~xzfgr fd;s tkus okys izHkkjksa ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs( ¼dd½ os ys[ks rFkk iqLrdsa] tks lkslkbVh }kjk j[kh tkuh gksa] fofgr dj ldsaxs rFkk ,sls ys[kkvksa dh laijh{kk ,oa ,slh laijh{kk ds fy, fd;s tkus okys izHkkjksa] ;fn dksbZ gksa] ds fy, rFkk fdlh lkslkbVh dh vkfLr;ka rFkk mldk nkf;Ro n'kkZus okys rqyui= ds fu;rdkfyd izdk'ku ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs(
¼[k[k½ jftLVªkj ds ukefunsZf'kr O;fDr ;k ukefunsZf'kr O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ dh fu;qfDr ds fy,] mu dk;Zokfg;ksa esa] tks jftLVªkj] mlds ukefunsZf'kr
-116 -
O;fDr ;k ukefunsZf'kr O;fDr;ksa ds cksMZ ds le{k gksa] vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfØ;k ds fy, rFkk fookn ds vo/kkj.k ds fy, O;;ksa ds fu;r rFkk mn~xzfgr fd;s tkus ds fy, vkSj ,slh dk;Zokfg;ksa esa fofu'p;ksa dks izofrZr ;k vf/kfu.kZ;ksa dks fu"ikfnr djus ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs(
¼xx½ vknsf'kdkvksa ds tkjh fd;s tkus rFkk mudh rkehy ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs(
¼?k?k½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eksa ds v/khu 'kks/; fdUgha jkf'k;ksa dh olwyh ds fy, izfØ;k rFkk mldh i)fr fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼M-M-½ /kkjk 68 ds v/khu dqdZ dh xbZ laifRr dh vfHkj{kk ds fy, vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfØ;k fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼pp½ /kkjk 71 ds v/khu iznRr 'kfDr;ksa ds iz;ksx ds fy, izfØ;k rFkk 'krsZa ,oa fdlh lekid }kjk vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfØ;k fofgr dj ldsaxs vkSj vf/k'ks"k vkfLr;ksa ds O;;u ds fy, mica/k dj ldsaxs(
¼NN½ vihysa] iqujh{k.k ,oa iqufoZyksdu is'k djus rFkk fuiVkjs esa vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfØ;k fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼>>½ fdlh ,sls vkns'k] fofu'p; ;k vf/kfu.kZ; ds] ftldk lalwfpr ;k izdkf'kr fd;k tkuk bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eksa ds v/khu visf{kr gS] lalwfpr fd;s tkus ;k izdkf'kr fd;s tkus dh i)fr fofgr dj ldsaxs(
¼==½ leLr ,sls fo"k;ksa ds fy,] ftudk fd fu;eksa }kjk fofgr fd;k tkuk bl vf/kfu;e }kjk visf{kr ;k vuqKkr gks] mica/k dj ldsaxs- ¼3½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;s x;s leLr fu;e fo/kku lHkk ds iVy ij j[ks tk;saxs-
fujlu rFkk
O;ko`fRr;ka-
96 ¼1½ egkdkS'ky {ks= dks ykxw gq, #i esa dks&vkiWjsfVOg lkslkbVht ,DV] 1912 ¼Øekad 2 lu~ 1912½] e/;Hkkjr lgdkjh laLFkk fo/kku] 1955 ¼Øekad 9 lu~ 1955½] foU/;izns'k dks&vkiWjsfVOg lkslkbVht vkfMZusl] 1949 ¼Øekad 21 lu~ 1949½] Hkksiky LVsV dks&vkiWjsfVOg lkslk;Vht ,DV] 1937 ¼Øekad 11 lu~ 1937½ rFkk fljksat {ks= dks ykxw gq, #i esa jktLFkku dks&vkiWjsfVOg lkslkbVht ,DV] 1953 ¼Øekad 4 lu~ 1953½ ,rn~ }kjk fujLr fd, tkrs gSaA
-117 -
¼2½ ,sls fujlu ds gksrs gq, Hkh]& ¼,d½ fdlh Hkh ,slh lkslkbVh ds] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fofufnZ"V dh xbZ vf/kfu;fefr;ksa ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ dh xbZ gS vkSj jftLVªhdr̀ dh xbZ le>h tkrh gS] laca/k esa ;g le>k tk;xk fd og bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhdr̀ dh xbZ vkSj mldh mifof/k;ksa ds] tgka rd fd os bl vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa ls vlaxr u gksa ] laca/k esa ;g le>k tk;xk fd os bl
vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jftLVªhd`r dh xbZ gS vkSj rc rd izo`Rr cuh jgsaxh tc rd fd
ifjofrZr ;k fo[kafMr u dj nh tk;sa-
¼nks½ mDr vf/kfu;fefr;ksa esa ls fdlh Hkh vf/kfu;fefr ds v/khu dh xbZ leLr
fu;qfDr;ksa] cuk;s x;s fu;eksa] fd;s x;s vkns'kksa] tkjh dh xbZ vf/klwpukvksa rFkk lwpukvksa ,oa lafLFkr fd;s x;s oknksa rFkk vU; dk;Zokfg;ksa ds laca/k esa ;koR'kD; ;g le>k tk;xk fd os bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu Øe'k% dh xbZ gS] cuk;s x;s gSa] fd;s x;s gSa] tkjh dh xbZ rFkk lafLFkr dh xbZ gSa-
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"W-Ff, ~ 28 3fTT«f 2001 ~. 4.:35l363r,TI.i2001.-'1-Thf %zjHi.JR~ 3~ 348 ~~ (3) ~ ~-q ,jiifF.fl1, 2001 (~; 11 "l'.l'1,_ 2001) <:1;: ~T ~ ~~ ~ mf~ °it ~ ~ :HHt.ITISGARH ACT
(to. l l of 2001)
1
lE C!IHA"'ITISGARH CO PERATIVE SOCIETIES (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2ClC! A Act to amend further fl .- Chh:,ttisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960. ,t'., Be it enacted hy the Chhatli\;•.arh Legislature in the fifty second year of lite Republic ti) 'I 'his Act may be cahe?."the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies (Amendment) 1~ ' 2001 (No. 1 t of200I). '.:'
{ii) ll shall come into force on such date as the Stale Government may by notificati~n,;''' After Section 16-B of the C!,i;attisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, l 960(Which is herinaft
n:fn red as a principal Act),The foaowing section shall be inserted, namely :- '' ·· ,~, >.
"16 (C)Government's power to make scheme of reorganisation in the public inte ' ' :;yfi/~~-:
( l) Notwithstandinganythi ng contained in this Act or the Rules made thereunder. ijft Government, on·teceipt of a report from the Registrar or otherwise, is satisfi · the public inte~(it is llccessary to reorganise any society or societies for the ·. of sccuri~g pmr:rJm1,l:.:n1~pt 1tl~n of development programm~sJn~f' ..... . mc~tJ~{'0.1tpw1;l, • .: 1• n~[,;, ~~·}:nay make such sche,mc of rc9rgan1 ordersJoi1nplcineri_titl· \'e sd d;he.
(2) There shall be the pro, . ions ia1 scheme of reorganisation regarding :-
(a) Method of rcorgani :lion;
(b) Procedure for rcorr dlisatinn;
(c) To tlic membership,, cgistntion, management, asscsts an
(d) Such other (;Onsequ, ntial, i·ncidci1tal and supr,iemcnt:irj provisions as may be.' ssary; · ·.· .. '
(c) Any other subjcrt ;; , may dcemt~d necessary by the State Government. Tbe State Government m.i'.) modify or cancel any rcu1 i:-::nisation scheme made or iss · oidcrs under s_ub-section (: 1.
4. ·111c provisio;1s regarding ,,very rcorga11isation scheme and 1l1c order:: i,::;•wd by tl,e St
Government shall he binding upon the interested p:111ics. :'i. Every scheme of such re°' ~0
:rnts:ttion shall he published in the offit-;al Gazette for·gc(
iufonnation. ·
• -626 - ------· . . ·---· --·-- ---·-·
2,
~-alw~m~ {~ 33 ~2002) ~{! 31fi~
•~i•n: ;1'
1,ii';.1 (iii. 33 ~11 :!002 :, t_
"{fTT1HT~ ~TU~ i~fl~, 196U ( ::i-,'-li-i' 1:' '!19:. i•;61 :, cf.'. 'l.:fHI ,I·,' 71 7'•!:'~ - :i ; it~ "oUW 't!TTi" 'it' fl''iR .:r: ~R" ./141,1 -i::/l'"B" -r~'1f11r1 Ft.4 7!T[1 ~l-li~ 7082.-'i-TT'E-!iF. dfu~rr==rit ~ 348 *~ 1,3) if,' '3T=l•ffC'1i:tB"rfTW!-;-~ 1-l~<.r.li'i ,L~: ,i~:i,p, ·,rf',;f':"1-:c;-r; 2002 (~. ;B (,,i1._ L(IOZ) !n'1 ~ ·'31fm
1.:nftr4;p: ~ ~i::-m T;ii1Wfi'f H;.:n ~ f Shott title and Com-
THE Cl-IHATTISGARII CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETll:.S (Ai\lL'.\D'.\H:'\T1
AOHINIYAl\l, 2001 An Act further to amend lhC' Chhatfogarh Co-opcrati\'t' So(:idies Act. I 9
:-
I. ( i) This Act may be called the Chhatti•;c""'rh l"<,-opn.:iL,·<' \ri~·1c:!t,> :,.\·n•ii,d: 11 .,.
11 ,,
Adhiniyam. 2002 {No. :n c:, 2002).
224
2,
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!11 Sub-:se.ctiou (7-AA) or Stl'.lion 49 ot ttle CJ1h,Hti:,gn1!·1 Co-upei ativi: S1.1,:i,:,iL·~ .'-\t.·1. I ')6(1 (No. I'/ oi" II.Joi) for the word); ''twelve months''. lk worJs ··twenty four montl1s" silall he subs1im1ed.
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CoDMDencen~nt.
: .
Amend111ent" ·· of Section 2.
o'dlw14 iii '
CHHA'1fISGARH ACT
(No. 20 of 2003)
· ,~v /'.rlaE CHHATTISGARH co-oPERATivE soc1ET1Es (SANsHoottAN,
ADHINIYAM, 2003 ·
.VIO~D'll.\cfl;f&lfu~'er -to amendf1ti1e<.Cfttiattisgarh :co-operative; Societies Act, 1960
' ' · (No. 17 of 1961).
{i • B~ it enacted by the Chhattisgarh Legislature in the Fit'ty-Fourth year of the ReJ>Ublic . of India as follows ·: -
~~}Ji~. f; ,, :-, • ·. • . . t · \ (lY This Act may be called the Chbattisgarh Co-operative Societies (Amendment) · Ac~ 2003 (No. 20 of 2003).
(2) It sbaU-come inio'foice'froni the iiailf tif its publication in the official Gazette. In Section 2 ot: the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960 (No. 17 of 1961) .(!!~inafter ·referred to as the Principal Act) :- ·
::-;.·\>·,- . .
(a)· For the clause (c-i) the follwing clause shall be substituted, namely :- · (c-i) "Central Society" means a District Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank or any other society, whose area of operation is confined to a part of the· State and which has as its object the · promotion of ·the objects of t11c member societies, and which has atleast five societies as its members;"
(b) · For the clause (hh) the following clause shall be substituted, namely :-
"(hh) "Development Bank" me,ms a District Co-operative Agricultural anJ -
231
_ ~ .,of a ,Co-operative Bank, prior sanction in writing of -,,: ·: :/, •. -,~ ._, ·_t, :·-.-~ - - u ' . ! ·. necessary. .· -
i~tt/(:':~~:t~ :. ;-
, ,e'(~pipal Act,•
/'.,~ ,:.:.:i:,H'.:.: ... 4~~~\1·1 :.-_,
. . . . . . . llolij,)i( the: cbainnan is not elected from amongst persons
•1Jt~e,)~g'ii1g .ti\i~Scheduied Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes, '· ·· · · so~s.~!rn~iJlg to .. t,Iiese categories a.pd otherwise, by any person; C' ',:;;:~:.·
:; .
~
. a1nnan or president shall be elected only from amongst persons belongmg f;Jb; ,;JliJl~Rt~!1.f lt~:{l .][,A,t : ~-' ;- - . . · i5, i ·- . ·- ll 19 • ?f-~e,(lffincip~, ;\qt,, j : \ l1 h .
:ll:$tj,'~Q~q ,~T~eqtyiij.}Uf;;rsµajJ b~ s~~mte(l; by ,thft1Jl'i'Ord
;,~{.;', ,[~ 't i_ii:" ·: ·. '. '" .· .. /~f;\;i~,~f~:.J:Ji ,::~· -. . ;: ' . · .., ' ... (tl);:~(:'~tton $8-B of tl1e Principal Act for the word "Tribunal"
' {~;: do\.inunent•l/ shall be substituted: - . '•. . .. ,. .)4{L{}:J: .· .· ,: .. . . . .. · -
: • F , ... ~1pter~'~§ns'Utµtion ofTrlbunal- The following chapter shall be substituted; 11aqiely -~ >' · f :'' re i~,, · · . . ,
, ,L :;'.,Jt~;: 1 t. > .
. n.;lf;:!th~iri';;tJ: Chapter!i- 1Appeals, Revision and Review·
i:JttJXt~f 1i;\/jt;t\J i};!t2 E,~~ :!':·· 77, , :'.J~ ~ .,r;~v~tJ~~jJ:~~fb,e~n otherwise provided, an appeal, shall lie from every
· en:} it?~iic~.:q_rqer i$ passec) by an otlicer other than Registrar; Additional Registrar · ;:·;1;-:;~#i~tAt.Regisiriµ;/o/bether or not the Otlicer passing· the order is invested with :, -~g;!;tµ~'.·powersl.ot?tb~CRegistrar, ·10 _ the Joint Registrar;
•· • • ' l• •- ~ . ' (ii!'.~ i(~µclf ord,er is p~ed .by Joint R,egistrar, whether, or not invested with the : powers of Registrar, to the Registrar or tl1e Additional Registrar authorised by
• . ~ ,; • . f • ' by.· ~egistrar or Additional Registrar, to the State
Amendment or
Section 16 ( C). Amendment or Section 48.
Amendment of Section 49. Amendment or Section 58-8 • Substitution of Chapter X.
232
9~2003 • .. _,.., ~
{2}. Sa\re.as otherwise provided a second appeal shall lie against every order pas:-.eil 'ink~is.i' •. ,~'.imder il~is Act or the rules made there under- (i);'' by the Joint Registrar to the Registrar or the Additional Registrar authorised :PY J_he Registrar;
. !{.;3t;;~f,'\ - ~y:,lbe Registrar or Additional Registrar, to the Stale Gover,nHeut. ond appeal . shall lie on any of the following grounds. mid no other. (i)'. · that the order is contrary to law; or
·· '(ii{ {that the order has failed to detcnnine some material issue of law; or ,··::t.,-'"
~·~
{ ,-; there bas been a substantial error or defect in the procedure as prescribed
"",.fby'tbis Act which may have produced error or defect in Ilic decision or the ' .
t •~ ·-;t
p ~- "
·· '(.:(:), -.~ Eitry appeal shall be· presented in tl1e prescribed m,umcr to the appellate authority coiwerncU, within t11irty days of the date on which the order appealed against was
. cd~tnimic~tcd to the party affectcJ by the order; .. J,-:.- _\; ":' ~,: • ·erQ:.J1ded t11at in computing t11e period of limitation under this sub-section· the time rffilltSite_:for obtai1,ing a copy of l11c order appealed against shall he excluded. ·- ,·}:::r·, .. , .... f.;~. ; . .
. ~} •. . , ~'(lSion.-fl) The State Govenuneut or the Registrar may at a,1y time on its/
•!~~()( 0 d.N the' application made by any party for tlle purpose of satisfying ilsclt/ :•;li$"to t11e. legality or propriety of t11e followings may pass such order in reference · '' ''Jt/he think tit,- -
,! .If; :-
i.;/ ;my, inquiry or proceediJJgs or any order passed by any oniccr subordinate .· ?to it/him· -~ '." ;.. . '
(i9 , , any proceedings or decision or resolution or any order passed by tlie society · ·. or committee or sub-committee of society;
)J;,•;'ff;1t,1,;9~tk:-~Y.:itl'\~~ pr proceedings. orde,9siop or any ;,'1i?·lfi'" 'ItJf? )l11)'1soetcty; . . ·. . .
order. passed by any ollicer
~l>:tovided that no. order shall be varied or reversed in revision unless notice has been sedted cm the parties interested ,md opportw1ity given to iliem of being heard.
•· (2,), .. ~ft.~1:'cb ~pplication shall be entc~ned w1less presented wit11in t11irty days from the 'date of'order and in computing tl1e period aforesaid time requisite for obtaining a cqpy of ,tlle said order shall be exclmkd. ·
79." · No~ppeal or revision in certain cases.-Nolwitllstm1ding ,mything to Ilic contrary contained in this Act, where with previous sanction in writing_ or on Ilic requisition or the R<;ser,ve Bank of India, ·
order for the winding up of a co-operative bank is made; or
a scheme of compromise or arrangement or reconstruction or re-orgm1isation or am
, ' ,· .· ~) , , ;
(iii) an order for the supcrscsi,ion or suspension of the committee by whatever 11cune called of a co-opemtivc bank and the appointment of an officer incharge etc. -
-
233
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-
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(', · ~w14m, ~ 9~2003 450 (12-21) r .... '~============· ======================= · ,J therefor, has heen made;
' . ~•~!r; J;' ••• •
• · ... '-,~ iapJ)eal, revision or revie\1! there against shall lie or be pennissible, :md such .. or:detf. o~We; san,<,"tion 9f requisition1~f the Reserve Bank of India shall not be liable to
. he called'.ill questjon. . ' ; ~if-~~ t:, ,'i, t : it~:,
;,80.:,:, ,.,:!~~•'4~•-;·:•Jhe :.St.a~ (J9vemrne11t or Registrar may, on its/his own motion, or on · the app~tj~~~~y ~y, !9:~9feSfed, review its/his own order in any case and pass such · , order in reterc~cc' thcreu>· as '.it/he thinks just; . .
:Provided lliat, n~ such apgli~ation made. by the party interested shall be entertained, nor such a case, he taken Suo-lllotu, w1less the State Govenunent or Registrar is satisfied tlml there ba,s been the discovery of new and import.ant matter or.evidence. which, after
" the cxq:rci~ iot" ·due diligence ~as 11ot:within tl1e knowledge of llle applicant or could not,
. be produced by him al lllc time when tbe order was made, or lllat. there has been mistake !-lr error apparent.on the face of the record, or there is any other sutlicient reason; · .·Provided that no such.order shall be varied amended or revised, unless notice has bee~1 . ~~. l(}. tl1e parties interested: t~ appear and such interested parties have been heard. Provided further that application for review of any order, by tl1e parties interested shall nol be entertained, unless tlle application is tiled witl1in ninety days from tl1e passing of tl1e order.
80-A. Extention of period of limitation by appellate authority in certain cases.-In all cases in which it is provided under tl1is Act that ,Ul appeal may be tiled against m1y decisiOtl, .or order within a sp!!dfied period, tl1c appellate autl1ority may admit ,m appeal ·. after tbe:expity,ofsuch period if the appelhmt' satisfies the appellate authority that he had ' sutlici~(cause J~ not preferring the appeal witl1in such period.
,:.,-,:" .· _ ... ·.~.fi~\{;.~.Jf<:F.,1.~irt .·, .. -. ; .·;?.::i ; .
:-:so.u:: \ ~~ir~°:'br ~.I. of cases.-Suhject to llle provisions of section 77 ,md 78, tl1e Registrar, Addition;ilRegistrar, Joint Registrar, or the Deputy Registrar may make ovd any case or class of cases arising under tlle provisions of l11is Act, for decision from his own file Lo any otlicer subordinate to him competent to decide such case or class of cases or may withdraw ,my case or class of cases from any such ofticer. and may deal witl1 such case or class of cases himself or retcr tl1e same for disposal to any other ollicer subordinate_ to him and competent to decide such case or class of cases; 80-C. Pow.er to make interlocutory orde~.-When an applic1ttion for appeal, revision
• . or review is'.,naQC to State Gov~nunent, or Registrar under this Act, it may in order to :preven(j~ ends''(){ _io,stice beiil,g defeated, make such interlocutory orders pending llle ,, decisio1fof the appeal or application, as llle case may be, as may appear to it/him to be just 1md convenient, or make such orders as may be necessary for tl1e ends of justice; or to prev~!ll tllc abuse of the legal procedure.
80-D. Stay of execution of orders.-
( l) An ofiicer ,who has passed any order or his successor in onice may, at ,my time before the expiry of llle period prescribed for appeal or revision, direct llle execution of such order to ,be stayed for such time as may be required for filing an appeal or revision ,md obtai~fa'~y order. from the appellate or revisional authority.
' ;·- ~. ,.,. .. ," ~
(2) The authority ex;rcising the powers conferred by section 77, section 78 or section 80 may direcl the execution of the order under appeal or revision or review to be stayed for such time as it may think fit. ·
(3) The omcer or aulllority directing llle execution of an order to be stayed may impose such co~ditions or order such security to be furnished as he or it tllinks fit.
234
' l ;;:;;:;:;=:=:;::==:::::::;;=====.====::;::::=================,--i ~
,;;,i 'pending cases.-Every appeal or revision or m1y other pmceedin_g · :·dbya Pradesh. State Co-operative Tribunal under the Principal Act,
.. , •. Slatt&vemment1oa the date on which the Chhaltisgarh Co-
"Aip~(lment) Act, 2003 comes into force. er or _any authority shall exercise such powers, delegated to the Slate ,i,b./orund,er this Act, in such areas and'..in such cases as tl1c Slate Government
. ;,::bi. special or general order. · !,''-'<
itj1 Inl;§.~~s~tion (2) of Section 95 of the. Principal Act,- -,--;}~-. ·?1. ;+t\i1i\: \,r .-. !.~~(< ,.~:··.. , . , 't~ji.P · · ·"~ W}Jollowing clause .Sll/lll .be su~stituted, namely :-
~::ti1 . ,
, H iti,.Pt'escrtbe the procedure to be followed in presenting and disposal or appeals; i"f.·; revision and review."
;·..;..<_i_:'-<
~~ .
Chhattisgarh Co-operative Society Act, 1960 (No. 17 of 196 I) whcreevcr, tl1e ~·~':~ya.Pradesh Land Development Bank Adhiniyam, 1966 (No. 28 of 1966)"
~the, words "The CU1attisgarh Co-operative Agriculture m1d Rural Development Bank Adhiniyam, 1999 (No. 20 of 2000)" shall be substituted.
Sahakari Society (Amendment) Ordinance, 2003 (No. 4 of 2003)
r:pealed.
' \
• - +
235
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•
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. ,
• l-===== An Act to further to am~nd rhcChhal!1:;garh C1)-'J11cr,i1h·c Societies: Act. !9:YQ (\'o.17 of 1961).
Be it enacted by the Chhattisg::i.rh Lcgis!:iturc ir: th(.~ Fif't_y-t'i.;{y y::-ar of tile Republic 0f Inriia as follows:-
I.
2.
(I) This Act may be e:dled the Co-opcr.1\iv~ Societies \Amcn,b1cnt) Act, 2004 (No.~: of :!004).
(l) Suh s:.:ction 0-AA) Jr:d (7-A.\A.} sk1il he omitted.
"(~ \ l t'i 11e 1:kci/(,ns ;1rr: nlit hc:h~ bcf,m: :iu; expiry cif th:.: h:nn :,iit:;;;!'i..:,J in suh-s(.:cti11rt ("i-A i ~·:1 ti:c c-·,tr.:11,1.:j ~~·r;n u:1,kr ddcrl·..d ht·i·cin hd(,rc st1b-:-::..·,:1ion t 7-.\:\ )_ t:ll tht n1e111bcrs nf the c,1:1::1:~ti,;c :;)1:ti! bL d~:~'lll~:d h1 :::..:.\·c ,·,icaitJ their st..-;:,ts :wJ 1in.: pcm·crs d'ihc cc,;111nittcc :sh:dl he ,b:iL;..:~l \n i':;1\ •~' lh.:cn \ '-·:,re,! in ihc Rcgi~:r;u ;tnL1 ihc Pq:iq;-;:n !;k1il ho Li ~ic..:rion;,: ;,s t';iriy ::1..; po~-;ibic.
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wdh-111~ m, ~ 13 ~ 2013
CHHATIISGARH ACT
(No.6of 2013)
THE CHHATTISGARH CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES (AMENDMENT)
ACT, 2012
An Act further to amend the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960 (No. 17 of 1961).
Be it enacted hy the Chhattisgarh Legislature in the Sixty-third Year of the Re-puhlic of India. as follows :-
I.
,.,
3.
(I) This Act may be called the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies (Amend- ment) Act. 2012.
(2) It extends to the whole State of Chhattisgarh. (3 J II shall come into force from the date of its publication in Otlieial Gazette. The Preamble of Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960 (No.17 of 1961) (hereinafter referred to as Principal Act), shall be substituted by the following:-
"An Act lo organize and develop Co-operatives as democratic instruments and people's Institution based on the principles of voluntary formation. autonomous functioning, democratic memher - control, member - economic participation and autonomous functioning."
In Section 2 of the Principal Act,-
(i) In clause (y-i), the word "Registrar", shall be suhstituted, hy the following words-
"Stale Election Commission"
(ii) After clause (b-i). the following clause shall be added, namely:--
"(b-ii) "Authorized Person" means a person authorized by Registrar to act on his behalf under this Act;''
(iii) Clause (z) shall be substituted, by the following:-
''(z) "Co-operative Society" means a Co-operative society registered or deemed 10 be registered under this Act"
(iv) The Clause (d) shall be substituted by the following:-
(d) "Board" means the board of directors or ~he governing body of a co-operative society, by whatever name called, lo which the direc- tion and control of the management of the affairs of a society is entrusted to;
(v) clause (t-i), .;hall be substituted. by the following:-
(t-i) "Officer" means a person appointed by the society to discharge the function assigned by the society and includes any officer posted on deputation;
(vi) After dause (t-i). the following clause (1-ia) shall be inserted, namely:-
(t-ia) "office bearer" means a President. Vice-President, Chairperson, Vice- Chairperson, Secretary or Treasurer of a co-operative society and includes any other person to he elected by the board of any co- operative society;
(vii) After clause (bb), the following clauses shall be added. namely:-
"(cc) "Scheduled Castes" means tbe Scheduled Castes specified in relation to this State under Anicle 341 of the Constitution of India; 80 ( 21' ,,,-
Short title, t·~tcnt and rommt·m·c-
mcnt.
Amendment
Preamble.
Amendment
Section 2.
of
261
80 ( 22)
Insertion of new Section 19-E. Amendment Section 32. Amendment
Section 48. of
of
4.
5.
6.
0'ffifl'I~ m, ~ 13 ~ 2013 (dd) "Scheduled Tribes" means the Scheduled Triht:s specified in relation to this State under Article 342 of the Constitution of India:
(ee) "Tribunal" means the Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Tribu- nal constituted under Section 77."
(ff) "Multi-State co-operative society" means a society registered or deemed to be registered under the Multi-State co-operative societ- ies Act 2002 (No 39 of 2002)
(gg) "State level co-operative society" means a co-operative society hav- ing its area of operation extending to the whole of the Stale. (hh) "Administrator" means a person appointt:d by Registrar with such terms and conditions to manage the affairs of the societies during the period in which the board of society is kept under supersession or suspension .
(ii) "Functional Director" means a Director other than elected and co-opted of the board, having functional responsibilities but re- presenting the board of directors, such as Managing Director. Additional Managing Director. Director Finance. Director Marketing , Secretary and other functional Officer etc; (jj) "State Election Commission" means an authority or body referred to in article 243K of Constitution of India. for the purpose of superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections lo a co-operative society.
In this Act, wherever the word "Committee" occurs shall be sub- stituted by the word "Board"
After Section 19-D of the Principal Act, the following Section shall be added. namely:-
"19-E. Education of members, etc.- (I) Every Co-operative society shall include in its budget in every financial year, provisions for expenses on the Education and Training of Members, including office hearer. other officer and Staff. After sub-section (3) of Section 32 of the Principal Act, the following shall be added. namely:-
(4) Every society shall carry on day to day business by its registered address and shall maintain records pertaining lo the society at its registered address if the society does not-
(i) _£:ommunicate the changed address to the Registrar. or
(ii) carry on the business at its registered address. or
(iii) maintain the records at its registered address. The Registrar may impose penalty not exceeding fifty thousand rupees on the officer responsible after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
In Section 48 of the Principal Acl,-
(i) sub-section (3) shall be substituted, namely :-
(3) "The reservation of the seats on the board of the society from among its members belonging to Scheduled Castes. Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes shall be in proportion to their mem- bership."
262
7.
·wd7fl'I~ ~, ~ 13 ~ 2013 Provided that such reservation shall not exceed 50%. or mcmhershir of the hoard.
Provided further that one seat shall he reserved for Sch.:d- ulc Castes and Scheduled Tribes. as the case may he.
(ii) For sub-section (7 ). the following shall he substituted. namely:-
"'(7) (a) A member who absents himself willfully in three cons.:cu- Live meetings without reasonable cause. and which is rrovcd after giving him reasonable oprortunity, shall he ceased to he a member of the hoard, and is debarred from all conse4uential benefits.
(h) In a Co-orerative society. no member shall he 4ualified for election as member of the hoard, delegate or rerresen- talive and entitled to vote in any election of the hoard. delegate or representative of the co-orerative society unless he has availed minimum level of services hy such society as may he prescribed in this regard from time to time.··
(iii) After sub-section (7). the following sub-sections shall he added. namely :-
"(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or the rules made thereunder or bylaws of the societies total number of members of the hoard shall not exceed twentyaone. of which two shall he women.
Provided further that co-opted srecialist member aprointed under rrovisions of sub-section (9) of this Section and ex-officio member. and Government nominee arpointed under rrovisions of sub-section (I) of Section 52 and functional director(s) shall he excluded from the maximum number of members for the rurpose of this sub-section.
(9) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or rules made there- under, Board shall co-opt those rersons as members of the hoard having experience in the field of hanking management. finance or srecialization in any other field relating to the objects and activities undertaken hy the co-operative society, as member of the hoard of such society:
Provided that the number of such co-orted member shall not exceed two in addition to twenty-one members srecified in sub- section (8) of this Section.
Provided further that such co-opted members shall not have the right to vote in any election of the co-operative society in their caracity as such member or to be eligible to he elected as office hearers of the hoard."
In Section 49 of the Princiral Act,-
(i) In sub-section ( 1 ), for the words "three month before" the words "a period of six months of' shall be substituted.
Amendment
Section 49.
80 ( 23)
of
263
80 ( 24)
Amendment of 8.
Sel"lion 50-A. Insertion of a new 9.
Section 50-8.
(ii) In suh-section {I). after clause (fl. the following ,:lausc shall he added. - namely:-
.. (g l appointment of Auditor for next linancial year."
(iii) After proviso to suh-scction (7-A) (i). 1hc following proviso shall he inserted. namely :-
.. Provided further that the hoard may lill a casual vacancy on the hoard hy nomination out of the same class of mcmhcrs in respect of which the casual vacancy has arisen. if the term of hoard is less than half of its original term."
(iv l For suh-section (8), the following shall he suhstitl!ltcd. namely:-
"(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or Rules made there- under the election of a hoard shall he conducted he fore the expiry of the term of the hoard. If the elections arc not held hcforc the expiry of the term. or hoard of society ceases lo function Jue to the order of any court or otherwise all the memhcrs of the hoard shall he deemed to have vacated their scats and the powers of the hoard shall he deemed to have hccn vested in the Rcg:is1rar and the State Election Commission shall hold elections within six months. or twelve months in case of the Co-operative Banks:
Provided that the Rcgi~trar may authori1e any ofliccr to exercise the powers of the hoard vested in him under this suh- scction and the onicer so auth! .. -cd shall exercise such powers form the date of such authorization:·
In Section 50-A of the Principal Act, the suh-section ( I-A) and ( 1-B) shall he omiltcd. After Section 50-A of the Principal Act. the following shall he added. namdy:-
"50-B. State Election Commission.-
( I) State Government may hy notilication in the Orlicial Gazelle Au- thorize State Election Commission to conduct Election of co-op- erative Societies and preparation of electoral rolls.
(2) State Election Commission shall in consultation with State Govermcnt appoint such numhcrs of officers and other staff as may he required for condw.:ting election in respect of co-operative soci- eties;
(3) In exercise of power under this scctior). the state election commis- sion shall determine the duties and rcsponsihilitics as well as the powers that may he exercised hy such officers and the staff refer tn in suh-scctitm (2 }-; as the commission may d1.-cm fit for conduc~ing the dection.
i-H The State G,,\·crmcnr Simi!. in consultation with the Stale election conuntssion make rules for the pr~paralilm of dcctora! rolls for CllnJucttng dcctions to aJi co-operative ,rn.:ictie,;-.
5) The pr()(:cs~ 11! Elect inn to co-operative societies allli the powers of n:turning office shall he a~ may he notified- hy the cmnmiss1on for the purpose.
+
264
10.
I I.
g~ifl'l'f m, ~ 13 ~ 2013
(6) The commission.shall notify 1he code or conducl to he followed hy the candidates. others and functionaries engaged in the process of election for in enahling free and fair election.
(7) The commission shall also he empowered to requisition the ser- vices of other officers 10 aid and assist in the election. and such requestioned orticcrs will he under the ove.r all supervisions in con- trol of commission during the election.
(8) (a) ll shall he obligatory on the president. Chairman and Func- tional Director of every co-operative society lo notify state election commission about election and it shall he the duty of functional director to ensure thal the request for holding elections is made availahle to the commission in time to enable the commission to conducl eh:ction :
(h) On receipt of the request. as laid down under suh-section (>)(a) the Commission shall ensure that 1he election be held before the expiration of the term of ex isling hoard:
(c) It shall be the duty or the board of the society to ensure that all information. books and records are kept upto date and are being made availaole from time to time to the Commission or any person authorized by him in this behalf as may be required/expected hy him for the purpose of election:
(d) The Board of the society shall also ensure that all such assistance is being made available to Commission by the society as may he expected hy him in this regard to con- duct elections:
(9) All expenses incurred in conducting the elections of the board of any society shall be borne hy the society concerned. ( 10) The Commission may issue such instructions to the hoard or its members which it may consider reasonable for conducting free and fair election. Instructions issued under this section hy the Commission shall he binding on them.
Section 52-B of the Principal Act, shall be omitted. In Section 53 ofthe Principal Act,-
(i) In clause (c) of suh-section (I). fix the words "two year:-. in the first in- stance" the words "six months" shall be substituted.
(ii) In third proviso or clause (c) or sub-section (I), for the figure and word "5 years" the figure and word .. I year" shall be suhstituted.
(iii) For sub-section (3), the following shall be substituted. namely:-
"(3) No such order shall remain in force for more than six months, and one year in case of Co-operative Banks."
(iv) Sub-section ( 13) shall be omitted.
80 ( 25)
Amendment Section 52-B. Amendment Section 53. of
of
265
80 ( 26)
Amendment
Section 56. of
Insertion of new Section 57-8.
12.
13.
(v) m·ilw,~ ~, ~ 13 ~ 2013 After suh-section ( 13), the following shall he added, namely:-
"( 14) where in the opinion of the Registrar :-
( i) the hoard of co-operative society is in persistent default. or negligent in the performance of its duties and has commilled any act prejudicial to the interest of the co- operative societies or its memher; or
(ii) there is stalemate in the constitution or functions of the hoard: or
(iii) the State Election Commission has failed to conduct election as per the Act. such hoard may he superseded or kept under suspension and the Registrar shall proceed to appoint administrator.
Provided further that the hoard of any such co- operative societies shall not he superseded or kepi under suspension where there is no Govermenl shareholding or loan or financial assistance or any guarantee hy the Goverment.
In Section 56 of the Principal Act.-
( i) After suh-section (I). the following shall he inserted. namely :-
"( I-a) Every society shall file returns within six months of t~e close of every financial year to the Registrar or any person authorized hy him on his behalf pertaining to the following, namely:-
(i) Annual report of its activities;
(ii) Its audited statements of accounts:
(iii) Plan for surplus disposal as approved hy the general hody of the society;
(iv) List of amendments to the hylaws of tlie society. if any;
(v) Declaration regarding date of holding ;if its general hody meeting and conduct of election when due; and
(vi) Any other information required hy the Registrar in pursu- ance of any provision of this Act."
(ii) In sub-section (3 ), for the words "five thousand" the wor Js "fifty thousand"
shall he suhstituted.
After Chapter V and Section 57-A of the Principal Act, the folio\'. ing new Chapter V A and Section 57-B shall be inserted, namely:-
"CHAPTER V-A
Provision regarding short term Co-operative Credit Strudure Societies
57-B. Management of short term Co-operative Credit Stru ~ture Societies.-
( I) Notwithstanding anything contained in this A ;t or Rules framed thereunder or hylaws of any registered society or irders issued there- under, the provisions of this chapter shall have •Jverriding effect.
266
0'1ifl'I~ m, ~ 13 ~ 2013
(2) In this Chapter. unless the context otherwise requires.-
(3)
(i) "Affiliating Society" means a society of which another society or co-operative is a member;
(ii) "Co-operative" means a co-operative as defined under Section 2(f) of Chhattisgarh Swayatta Sahakarita Adhiniyam, 1999 (No. 2 of 2000);
(iii) "National Bank" means the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development established under Section 3 of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981 (61 of 1981);
(iv) "Secondary Co-operative" means a co-operative regis- tered under Chhattisgarh Swayatta SahakaritaAdhiniyam, t
1999 (No. 2 of 2000) of which another co-operatives or society is a member;
(v) "Short term co-operative credit structure society" includes the State Co-operative Bank, a Central Co-operative Bank and a Primary Agricultural Credit Co-operative Society.
(a) Short term co-operative credit structure society shall be eligible to be a member of a secondary co-operative.
(b) A co-operative registered under Chhattisgarh Swayatta Sahakarita Adhiniyam, 1999 (No. 2 of 2000) may become the member of an affiliating society registered under this Act.
( 4) A short term co-operative credit structure society may become a member of an affiliating society or a secondary co-operative of its choice or leave the membership of such society or co-operative.
(5)
(6)
(a) The bylaws or any amendment to the bylaws of a short term co-operative credit structure society shall be regis- tered by the Registrar within thirty days from the date of receipt of the application.
(b) If the Registrar is satisfied that the proposed by laws or the amendments to the bylaws are contrary to the provi- sions of the Act and the rules made thereunder he shall reject the same duly recording his reasons thereon within thirty days from the date of receipt of the application.
(a) Every depositor in a primary agricultural credit co-opera. tive society, subject to the criteria of minimum depos t amount and period, as prescribed by Registrar from time to time, shall be eligible to be a member of the sockty . under sub-section (I) of Section 19 after subscribing the minimum share capital specified in the bylaws of the soci- ety and shall have full voting rights of a member.
(b) An individual or a group of borrower shall have the right' to become member of a primary agricultural credit co-op~ erative society under sub-section (I) of Section 19.
(c) Every group of depositor or a group of borrower admitted, as member under sub-section (1) of Section 19, shall be entitled to vote through a delegate nominated by such group.
80 (27)
267
80 (28) ,.§'ffifl•I~ ~, ~ 13 ~ 2013
(7) The short term co-operative credit structure society shall he autonomous in all financial and internal administrative matters especially in the following areas:-
(i) interest rates on deposits and loans in conformity with and subject to Reserve Bank's guidelines.
(ii) borrowings and investments,
(iii) loan policies and individual loan decisions.
(iv) personnel policy. statling. recruitment. posting and remu- neration to staff. and
(v) internal control systems. appointment of auditors and com- pensation for the audit
(8) The State Government's subscription in the share capital of any short term co-operative credit structure society shall not exceed twenty five percent and the State Government or such society may reduce the State Government's subscription further at its choice.
(9) (a) (b)
There shall be only one nominee of the State Government in the board of the State Co-operative Bank or a Central Co-operative Bank if the State Government has subscribed to its share capital:
Provided that the nominee of the State Govern- ment in the board of the State Co-operative Bank or a Cen-
• tral Co-operative Bank shall not take part in election nor shall have any voting right in such election.
(i) There shall be only one nominee of the Stale Government in the board of a primary agricul- tural credit co-operative society if the State Government has subscribed to its share capital:
Provided that the nominee of the State Government in a board in the primary agricul- ture credit society shall not take part in election nor shall have any voting right in such election.
(ii) A short term co-operative credit structure society shall have full freedom to transact with other societies registered under this Act or co- operatives registered under the Chhattisgarh Swayatta Sahakarita Adhiniyam, 1999 (No. 2 of
2000).
(10) A short term co-operative credit structure sqciety shall have the freedom of entry and exit at any tier and there shall be no manda- tory restrictions of geographical boundaries for its operations.
(11) A short term co-operatJve credit structure society may, subject to the guidelines of the Reserve Bank, invest or deposit its funds in any bank regulated by the Reserve Bank and not necessarily in the affiliating society to which it is affiliated.
( I 2) A short term co-operative credit structure society may obtain loans from any bank regulated by the Reserve Bank and refinance from the Nacional Bank and not nec~arily from the affiliating society to which it is affiliated.
268
..
( 13) A primary agricultural credit co-operative society may pay divi- dend in accordance with the guidelines framed by the Registrar in consultation with the National Bank.
( 14) No person shall be elected, nominated or co-opted or allowed to continue as a member of the board of a short term co-operative credit structure society. if he-
( 15)
( 16)
( i) is a person who represents a society other than a primary agricultural credit co-operative society on the board of a Central Co-operative Bank or the Stale Co-operative Bank, if the society he represents ha-; committed a default to- wards the payments of such bank for a period exceeding ninety days:
(ii) is a person who committed a default towards the payments to a primary agricultural credit co-operative society or represents a primary agricultural credit co-operative society on the board of a Central Co-operative Bank or the State Co-operative Bank, if the society he represents has committed a default towards the payments of such hank for a period exceeding one year unless the default has been cleared:
(iii) is a person. who represents a society whose board is superseded.
(a) The board of the State Co-operative Bank and the Central Co-operative Banks shall not he superseded without prior consultation with the Reserve Bank.
(h) The hoard r-f a primary agricultural credit co-operative society may he superseded only on any of the following grounds. if-
(al
(i) the society incurs losses for three consecutive years:
(ii) serious financial irregularities as proven in enquiry for the purpose;
(iii) fraud has been identified; {iv) lack elf quorum in three consecutive meetings. The State Election Commission shall conduct elections to a short term co-operative credit structure society before thc expiry of the term of the existing hoard.
(h) The State Election Commission shall conduct elections to a short term co-operative credit structure society within six months in case of Primary Agricultural Credit Co- operative Society and twelve months in case of Stale Co- operative Banks and Central Co-operative Bank-s from the date of i-ts- supe~sion:
Provided that in circumstances bcyondcontrol, the Govemmem may allow holding of such elections within a period not exceeding six montbs from the date of supersession.
( c) A member of the board of a primary: agricultural credit co-operative society which has been superseded under this Act shall not he entitled to contest the election again for a period of three years from the date of superscssion:
80 (29)
269
80 ( 30) 3rili:-t•i~ m, ~ 13 ~ 2013 Provided that where the supersession is owing to the grounds contained in Section 15(b)(iv), the lack of quorum is not due to the absence of such member.
( 17) The members of the board and Chief Executive Officers of the State Co-operative Bank or the Central Co-operative Banks who do not fulfill the criteria stipulated by the Reserve Bank shall be removed by the Registrar or the Appointing Authority, as the case may be, on the recommendation of the Reserve Bank or the National Bank.
(18) (a) Where the number of elected members on the board of a State Co-operative Bank or Central Co-operative Bank does not, in the opinion of National Bank, possess special knowledge or experience in such fields as may be stipulated by the National Bank, the State Co-operative Bank or the Central Co-operative Bank, as the case may be, shall co-opt such number of professional in such field, not exceeding two and the professionals so co-opted shall have full voting rights except the election irrespective of whether such professional is a member of the Society or not.
(b) If any person who, in the opinion of the Reserve Bank, has been co-opted as a member of the board under clause
(a) of this sub-section without having requisite knowledge or experience as stipulated by the Reserve Rank. he shall, on being advised by the Reserve Bank or :11e National Bank, be removed from the office after gi, i"g him a reasonable opportunity of being heard. ( 19) The Chief Executive Officer of the State Co-operative Bank and a Central Co-operative Bank, shall be appointed by the members of the board of the State Co-operative Bank or the Central Co-opera- tive Bank, as the case may be, from among a panel of names not exceeding three persons eligible to hold the office of Chief Execu- tive Officer in accordance with the criteria stipulated by Reserve Bank; and the aforesaid panel shall be recommended by a selection board consisting of the following persons all of whom shall be the members of the board of the State Co-operative Bank or the Central co-operative Bank as the ca~e may be :-
(i) The nominee of State Government on the board.
(ii) The nominee of the National Bank on the board.
(iii) One other member of the board whether elected or co-opted.
(20) No primary agricultural credit co-operative society or its federa- tion or association (except those which are permitted to act as a bank under Banking Regulation Act, I 949 (IO of 1949) shall be registered with the term 'bank' or any other derivative of the term 'bank' in its registc,.;,d name or shall use the same as a part of its name:
Provided that where any primary agricultural credit co- operative society or its federation or association ( except those which has permitted as a ban'k under Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (IO of
270
,.h1lf1•1~ m, R-Wfi 13 ~ 2013 Provided further that where any such society fails to comply with the ahove prnvisicms within the period specified therein. the Registrar shall order the winding up of such society after giving a reasonahle opportunity of heing heard.
(21) The financial accounts of the State Co-operative Bank or Central Co-operative Bank. as the case may he. audited and ccrtilied hy an auditor or auditing firms from among the panel of such auditors approved hy the Registrar and appointed hy the General Body in this hehalf.
(22) Where the Reserve Bank so requires. the Registrar shall conduct a special audit of the financial accounts of the State Co-operative Bank or the Central Co-operative Banks. as the case may he. conduct the special audit and furnished the report of such audit in such manner and within such time as may he stipulated hy the Reserve Bank.
(23) No authority other than the hoard of the short term co-operative credit structure society shall have the power to direct the society that a contribution to he made to any fund other than that required for improving its net worth or the financial position of such society.
(24) The prudential norms. stipulated hy the Reserve Bank including norms for capital to risk weighted assets ratio. shall he prescrihcd hy the Registrar in consultation with the National Bank in respect of all primary agricultural credit co-operative societies. (25)(i) When: the Reserve Bank prcscrihes any regulation. including a recommendation of supersession of a hoard or the winding up of State Co-operative Bank or Central Co- operatin: Banks. as the case may he. the Registrar shall comply with the same within one month from the date of such communication.
(ii) The Registrar shall ensure that the liquidator or the Ad- ministrator. as the case may he. is appointed within one month of hcing so advised hy the Reserve Bank for wind- ing up or supersession.
(iii) Where in the opinion of the Reserve Bank. the function- ing of the Chief Executive Officer of the State Co-opera- tive Bank or a Central Co-operative Bank. as the case may he. is such that it is not desirable in the interest of the hank lo continue the person as the Chief Executive Officer of the hank. it may require the registrar lo remove the Chief Executive Officer; and the registrar shall proceed forth- with to remove such Chief Executive Officers after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
(iv) Where in the opinion of the Reserve Bank. a person does not possess the requisite special knowledge specified hy it. the Registrar shall on being advised hy the Reserve Bank. proceed forthwith to remove such co-opted memher after giving a reasonable opportunity of heing heard.
(26) Every employee of short term co-operative credit structure society shall he borne on the cadre of such Society and the Society shall have the full powers in all matters of appointment. promotion. disciplinary action. in respect of such employees:
Provided that the terms and conditions of an employee who is there on the date of this Act coming in to force. shall he protected.
80 ( 31)
271
80 ( 32)
.\mcndmcnl St·dion 58. of 14.
~3•:ih-1•1~ m, ~ 13 ~ 2013 ( 27) Where short term co-operative credit st rue ure society is required to he exempted from any of the provision,- of this Chapter in the public interest. the State Government shall do so with the prior approval of Reserve Bank.
(28) No authority shall do anything or act in any manner which may have the dkcl of ahridging the power of any short term credit structure society under the provisions of this Chapter. For Section 58 of the Principal Act. the following shall he suhstitutcd. namely:-
58. Audit of Accounts.- ·
(I) Every co-operative society shall maintain hooks of accounts or its income, expenditure pertaining to the society's in the forms to he prescribed by the Registrar and shall present the prolit and loss accounts for each co-operative year and the balance sheet as on the last day of the co-operative year.
(2) Every co-operative society shall submit its hooks of accounh and record of all transactions and pertaining to all affairs l'nr the purpose of audit by an auditor or auditing firm to he authori1cd h) General Body from a panel approved hy the Registrar.
(3) The Registrar shall not include a person who is not a memhcr of the institute of Chartered Accounted of India or auditing firm which is not dully authorized hy the said institute to conduct such audit. Provided that in case of co-operative society with Govern- ment share holding or loan or ti,,ancial assistance or any guarantee by the Government. the Registrar may include the auditor in the panel.
( 4) Every scx:iety shall get its accounts aud i ' by a Auditors or group of Auditors authorized by Registrar in tl11:-, hchalf once at least ev- ery financial year and shall pay such fees for auditing as nm) he prescribed hy the registrar in this regard:
Provided that-
( i J the State Government may. hy notilication. for reasons to he specified therein exempt any class of s1x:icties to pay such fees:
(ii) the Registrar shall lay down the minimum qualification and experience of such Auditor of auditing lirms referred to in sub-section (I):
(iii) the accounts of every society shall he audited within six months of the close of the finan,.:ial year lo which such accounts relate and the accounts of the societies shali he maintained hy the societies concerned in such a manner as may he prcscrihcd hy the Registrar in this regard:
(iv) the Auditors. to conduct the audit or the accounts of the society referred to in sub-section (I) shall he appointed hy the general body of the society ninccrncd amongst the panel of Auditor or auditing linns approved h) the Registrar in this hehalf:
Provided further that if there is a complaint of financial irregularities or emhczzlemenl after the completion or issuance of the audit report. the Registrar may order special audit for the purpose.
(5) The audit under sub-section (4) shall include examination of the accounts and the overdue debts. if any. compliance of the instructions and orders of the Registrar issued under this Act. rules +
272
Anwndml•nt Section 74. Amendment Section 75. of
of
15.
16.
(i) €9'dlfl'I~ u;;rr,r, ~ 13 ~ 2013 RO ( 33) made thereunder and hylaws or the society. the verirication of L·ash halance and securities and Yaluation of the assets and liahilities or the societies and such other items as may he speciried h) the Registrar.
(6) The Auditors or Auditing firms shall at all times have access to all the hooks. accounts. documents. papers. securities. cash and other properties hclonging to. or in the custody of the society and mny summon any person in posscs,ion of or responsihle !'or. the custody of any such hooks. accounh. documents. papers. securities. cash or other properties. to produce th .. -;ame at any place at the headquar- ters or the society or any branch tlic:r,:.•:·
(7) Every person who is or has at any time hecn. an officer or employee of the society and l'\'l"ry nH.:mher and past memher of a society shall furnish sud1 information in regard to the transactions and working of thc society as the Auditors or Auditing linns may. require:
ProYided that thc audit report of accounts of an Apex Socicty shall he. laid hefore the Stall' leg1slatun: in such a mannL'.L as may he prescribed hy thc Stale Government.
In clausc ( k) or Section 74 of the Principal Act. for the full stop (.) aftcr the \\Ord "offence". the semi colon (:) and word "or" shall he suhstituted.
(ii) In Section 74 of the Principal Act. after clause (k). thc rollowing clauses shall he added. namely:-
"( I) any person willfully or without an) reasonable excuse disoheys any summons. requisition or lawful written order issued under the prm is ions of this Act or rules made thneundcr except as provided under suh-section ( 2 )or section .'il) of the Act: or ( m) any employer who is authori1,ed to make deduction from his salary and other dues for remitting the same to such co-operative society without sufficient dause: m
(n) an) pcrson. hefon:. during or after the election of memhers or the hoard or office hearns. adopt-.. an~ c, llTupt practice. so declared hy thc stall' election commi~~ion ... In Section 75 or the Principal Act.-
( i) ( I J In dauses (a). (d). (e) and (h) for the rigure ··2000 .. the rigure ··so.000" shall he substituted respecti\cly.
(2) In clauses (h). (c) and (j) for the figure ··1000-- the rigure "25.000"
shall he substituted respectively.
(1) In clause (i) for the figure ··_'i()ff' the figure ·'25.()()()'' shall he substi- tuted.
( 4) In clauses (f). ( g) and ( k) for the figure ··250 .. the figure •'25.00(r' shall he suhstitutcd respectively.
(ii) I 11 dause ( k ). for the fu II stop (.) after the figure and word "741 k r. the semi colon (:) and word ··or" shall he substituted.
(iii) \ !'ter clause ( k ). !ht: following clauses shall he added. namely:-
"( I) with line not exceeding Rs. 50,000. prm ided that he is convicted of an olfoncc referred to in Section 74(1): or
(m) with line not exceeding Rs. 50.000. in each case. provided that he is convicted of an offence referred to in Section 74(mJ: or
(n) as prescrihed hy State Election Commission.
273
80 ( 34)
17.
011lfPI~ ~ •. ~ 13 ~ 2013 For Chapter X of the Principal Act. the following new chapter shall he suhstituted. namely:-
"Chapter X
Constitution of' Tribunal
77. Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Tribunal.-
( I) The State Government shall, hy notification. constitute a Tribunal called the Chhallisgarh State Co-operative Trihunal to exercise the powers and to discharge the functions conferred or imposed on the Trihunal hy or under this Act and the Chhattisgarh Swayatta Sahkarita Adhiniyam. 1999 (No 2 of 2000).
(2) The Trihunal shall consist of the Chairman and two other members.
(1) (a) No person shall he qualified to he the Chairman or the Trihunal unless he had heen a Judge of a High Court or has held the oflice of a Distt. Judge for not less than five years
( h) or the other two memhers. one shall he an officer or l:O- operative department not below the rank of Additional Registrar and the other shall he non -official closely as- sociated with the co-operative movement or an Advocate or a Pleader having: practical experience in the co-opera- tive movement for a period of not less than fifteen years; Provided that if the State Goverment thinks lit. the Tribunal may consist of a single person.
Explanation :- For the purpose of this sub-section "non- official'· shall mean a person who on the date of his appointment as a member. does not hold any office of pro lit under the Goverrnent of India or the Govcrtnent of any State.
( 4) Notwithstanding anything contained in suh-section ( I ).a person shall he disqualified for being appointed as, or for being a Chairman or a Memher of the Trihunal, if he is a member of the Board of any society other than a general hody of a society.
(5)(a) The Chairman and other mcmhers of the Trihunal shall hold office ordinarily for a period of not less than two years and not more than live years as tht: State Government may, hy notification specify in this behalf.
( h) A person who has held office as the Chairman or a memher. for a period mentioned in clause (a) shall he eligible for reappointment.
(C) The Chairman or member of the Tribunal may. at any time. resign his olfice.
(d) The Chairman or a member of Tribunal may with the permission of the State Goverment held any other office appointment of not in consist with his position on the Tribunal.
(6} Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (4). the State Government may terminate at anytime. the appointment of the Chairman or a member if, in its opinion, such Chairman or member is unable or unffl lo continue to perform the duties of his office:
Insertion of Chapter
X.
274
0'ctlfl•I~ m, ~ 13 ~ 2013 80 ( 35)
(7)
Provided that no appointment shall be terminated under this sub-section u·nless the person whose appointment is proposed to be terminated is given a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against such termination.
(a) If any vacancy occurs in the office of the Chairman or member by leave, absence. deputation, death, resignation, expiry of the term of appointment, termination of the appointment or for any other cause, whatsoever, such a vacancy shall be filled by appointment of a person qualified for appointment under this Section.
(b) Till the vacancy in the otlice of the Chairman is filled under sub-section( I). the senior most member shall act as the Chairman of the Tribunal.
(8) The headquarters of the Tribunal shall be at such place as may be notified by the State Government in the Gazette.
(9) The powers and functions of the Tribunal may be exercised and discharged by Benches constituted by the Chairman from amongst the members of the Tribunal including himself. Provided that, any interlocutory application may be hard by one of more members to may be present.
( I 0) Such Benches shall consist of to or more members. ( 11) Where a matter is heard by three members the opinion of the majority shall prevail, and the decision shall be in accordance with the opinion of the majority. Where a matter is heard by an even number of members, and the members are equally divided in the Chairman be one of the members, the opinion of the Chairman shall prevail and in other cases the matter be referred for hearing to the Chairman and shall be decided in accordance his decision. ( 12) Subject to the previous sanction of the State Government, the Tribunal shall frame regulations consistent with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder, for regulating its procedure and the disposal of its business.
(13) The regulations made under sub-section (12), shall be published in the Official Gazette.
(14) The Tribunal may suo motu or on the application of the party, call for and examine the records of any proceedings in which no appeal lies to it, for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the legality or propriety of any decision or order passed. If in any case, it appears to the Tribunal that any such decisions or orders should be modified, annulled or reversed, the Tribunal may pass such order thereon as it may deem just.
( 15) Where an appeal or application is made to the Tribunal under this Act, it may, in order to prevent the ends of justice being defeated, make such interlocutory orders pending the decision of the appeal or applications, as the case may be, as may appear to it to be just and convenient, or such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice, or to prevent the abuse of the process of the Tribunal.
275
80 (36)
( 16)
mfl~,,~ m, ~ 13 ~ 2013 An order in appeal. or revision or review passed under this Act by the Tribunal, shall be final and conclusive, and shall not he called in question in any Civil or Revenue Court.
( 17) The Tribunal hearing an appeal under this Act shall exercise all the powers conferred upon an appellate court by section 96 and order XLI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908). 77-A. Review.-
( 1) The Tribunal or Registrar may on the application of any party interested, review its own order in any case and pass such order i-n reference thereto as it thinks just:
Provided that no such application made by the party interested shall be entertained, unless the Tribunal or the Registrar as the case may be is satisfied that there has been the discovery of new and important matter of evidence. which after the t'.Xercise of due diligence was not within the knowledge of the applicant or could not be produced by him at the time when its order was made. or that there has been mistake or error apparent on the face of the record, or there is any other sufficient reason:
Provided -•further that no such ordcr sh al I he varicd, amended or revised unless notice has heen given to the parties interested to appear and be heard in support of such order.
(2) An application for review of any order. by the parties interested shall not be entertained, unless the application is filed within ninety days from the date of passing of the order.
77-B. Tribunal to exercise powers of a civil court.-
( I) In exercising the powers conferred on it by or under this Act, the Tribunal shall have all the powers as are vested in Civil Court while trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), in respect of the following matters, namely:-
(a) proof of facts by affidavits;
(b) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath;
( c) compelling discovery or the production of any document; and
(d) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses.
(2) In the case of any such affidavit, any ofticer appqinted by the Tribunal in this behalf may administer oath to the deponent.
78. Appeals before the Registrar and Tribunal.-
( I) Save where it has been otherwise provided, an appeal shall lie from every original order upder this Act or the rules made thereunder:-
(a) If such order is passed by any o11icer subordinate to Registrar other than Additional Registrar or Joint Reg- istrar, whether or not the officer passing the order is · invested with the powers of the Registrar. to the Registrar;
(b) If such order is passed by the Registrar, Additional Registrar or Joint Registrar, to the Tribunal.
(2) A second Appeal shall lie against any order passed in the first appeal by the registrar, to the Tribunal on any of the following grounds only, namely:-
( i \ that the order i-; contrary to law: or
276
0-ct'h-1•1~ ~, ~ 13 ~ 2013 80 ( 37)
(ii) that the order has failed to determine some material issue of law: or
(iii) that there has been a substantial error or defect in the pro- cedun: as prescribed by this Act which may have produced error or defect in the decision of the case upon merits. (~) Every appeal shall be presented in the prescribed manner to the appellate authority concerned within sixty days from the date on which the order appealed against was communicated to the party affected by the order:
Provided that in computing the period of limitation under this sub-section the time required for obtaining a copy of the order appealed against shall be excluded.
78-A. Extension of period oflimitation by appellate authority in certain cases.-
In all cases in which it is provided under this Act that an appeal may be filed against any decision or order within a specified period, the appellate authority may admit an appeal after the expiry of such period if the appellant satisfies the appellate authority that he had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within such period.
79. No appeal or review in certain cases.- Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act. where with previous sanction in writing or on the requisition of the Reserve Bank of India-
(i) an order for the winding up of a co-operative bank: or
(ii) for a scheme of compromise or arrangement or reconstruction or re-organisation or amalgamation : or
(iii) an order of supersession or suspension of the Board by whatever name called of a Co-operative Bank and the appointment of an of- ficer-in-charge therefore, has been made.
No appeal or review shall lie or be permissible against that, and such order or the sanction or requisition of the Reserve Bank of India shall not be liable to be called in question where such order, scheme compromise. arrangement. reconstruction, re-organisation or amalgamation is passed or made.
80. Transfer or withdrawal of cases.- Subject to the provision of section 78, the Registrar. Additional Registrar or Joint Registrar may make over any case or class of cases arising under the provisions of this Act. for decision before him to any officer subordinate to him competent to decide such case or. class of cases or may withdraw any case or class of cases for decisions before any such otlicer and may proceed to deal with such case or class of cases himself or refer the same to any other otlicer subordinate to him and competent to decide such case or class of cases.
80-A. Power of Registrar to call for proceedings of subordinate officers and board of a society and to pass order thereon.- The Registrar may, at any time on his own motion or on the application made by any party, call for and examine the record of any enquiry or the proceedings by any subordinate officer or a decision of board of a society for the purpose of satisfying himself as to the legality or propriety of any decision or order passed and as to the regularity of the proceedings of such officer or board. If in any case, it appears to the Registrar that any decision or order or proceedings so called for should be modified, annulled or reversed, the Registrar, may pass such order thereon as he may deem tit:
277
80 ( 38) g:,:ih-P,~ m, ~ 13 1:f){cfU 2013 Provided that no order under this Section shall be made to the prejudice of any party unless such party has had an opportunity of being heard:
Provided further that the powers conferred on the Registrar under this Section, shall not be delegated to any otlicer below the rank of Joint Registrar.
80-8. Power to make interlocutory orders.- When an application for appeal or review is made to Tribunal, or Registrar under this Act, it may in order to prevent the ends of justice being defeated, make such interlocutory orders pending the decision of the appeal or application, as the case may be, as may appear to it/ him to be just and convenient, or make such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice, or to prevent the abuse of legal process. 80-C. Stay of execution of orders.-
( I) An officer appointed under section 3 who has passed any order or his successor in office may, at any time before the expiry of the period prescribed for appeal 'direct the execution of such order to be stayed for such time as may be required for filing an appeal and obtaining a stay order from the appellate authority.
(2) The authority exercising the powers conferred by section 78 or sec- tion 80 may direct the execution of the order under appeal or re- view to be stayed for such time as it may think fit.
(3) The officer or authority directing the executiqn of an order to be stayed may impose such conditions or order such security to be furnished as he or it thinks fit.
80-D. Transfer of pending cases.- Every appeal or any other proceeding pending before the State Government, immediately before the date of constitution of Chhattisgarh State Co-operative Tribunal under this Act, shall stand transferred to the Tribunal from the date of notifications by Goverrnent of Chhattisgarh ."
18. 95-A. After Section 95 of the principal Act the following section shall be inserted narnely:-
Removal of difficulties
(I) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, the State Government may pass such order not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, as it may deem necessary to remove such difficulty:
Provided that no such order shall be passed after the expiry of the period of two years from the date of corning into force of this Act.
(2) The order passed under sub-section (I) shall be laid on the table of the legislative assembly, as soon as may be, and in any case, not later than the last day of session next following the date of the order."
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760 (2)
================:::=------= CHHATIISGARH ACf
(No. l0of 2014)
CHHATTISGARH CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES (A_'1ENDMENT) ACT, 2013 An Act further to amend the Chhattisgarh Co-operativeSocietiesAct. 1960(No.17 of 1961).
Be it enacted by the Chhattisgarh Legislature in the Sixty-forth Year of the Republic oflndia, as follows:-
Short title. extent 1.
and commencement.
Amendment
Section 2.
of 2.
Amendment of sub- 3.
~ection (8) of
Section 49.
Amendment of sub- 4.
section (I) of
Section 50-B.
Amendment of sub- 5.
section (2) of
Section 50-8.
(1)
(2)
This Act may be called the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies (Amendment)Act, 2013.
It extends to the whole State of Chhattisgarh.
(3) It shall come mtc force from the date of its Publication in the Official Gazette. For clause (jj) of Section 2 of the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, i 960 (~o 17 of 1961 ), (hereinafter referred to as the Principal Act), the following shall be substituted, namely:-
"(ii) "State Election Commission" means the State Election Commission referred to in Article 243K of the Constitution oflndia which shall be the authority or body for the purpose of superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls for and the conduct of, all elections to a co-operative society, under the Article 243ZK of the Constitution oflndia_"
For Proviso of sub-section (8) of Section 49 of the Principal Act, the following shall be substituted, namely :-
"Provided that the Registrar may authorize any officer, or a person who in the opinion of the Registrar has experience in managing a Co-operatrve Bank or a Co-operative Society, as the case may be, to exercise the powers of the Board vested in him under this sub- section; and the officer or the person so authorized shall exercise such power from the date of such authorization for a period specified by the Registrar or till the elections are held by the State Election Commission, whichever is earlier."
For sub-section (1) of Section 50-B of the Principal Act, the following shall be substituted, namely :-
"(l) The State Election Commission shall conduct all elections of co-operative society and exercise the superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls subject to the provisions of this Act."
For sub-section (2) of Section 50-B of the Principal Act, the following shall be substituted, namely :-
"(2) The State Election Commission shaU in consultation wita ffie State Government appoint such numbers of officer• and other staff as may be required, in the opinion of the Commission for conducting election in reSf!ect of co-operative societies."
282
6.
'7. For sub-section (7) of Section 50-B of the Principal Act, the following shall be substitued, namely:-
"(7) The Commission shall have the powers to requisition the services of other officers, to aid and assist in the election and such requisitioned officers shall be under the overall supervision and control of the Commission during the election."
For sub-section (9) of Section 50-B of the Principal Act, the following shall be substituted, namely :-
"(9) All expenses incurred in conducting elections of the board of any society shall be paid to the commission, in advance, by the State Government and the same shall be recovered from such society by the State Government in the manner as may be prescribed by the State Government.
760 (3)
Amendment of sub- section (7) of Section 50-8. Amendment of sub- section (9) of Section 508.
8. The Chhamsgarh Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Ordinance, 2013 (No. 1 of2013) is Repeal. hereby repealed.
283
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Short title, extent -and commencement. Amendment of the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act,1960
(No. 17 of 1961). um'lw,,; 4>=* ;im.T11t1131.,
a,:i,t11<,
W!IIH!li.ffl, ~ ~-
CHHATIISGARH ACT
(No. 2of2015)
THE CHHATIISGARH C
PERATIVE SOCIETIES (AMENDMENI)
ACT, 2014
Ao Act to further amend the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960
(No. 17 ofl961).
Be it enacted by the Chhattisgarh Legislature in the Sixty-fifth Year of the Republic of India, as follows :-
I.
2
(I) This Act may be called the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies (Amendment)Act, 2014.
(2) It extends to the whole State of Chhattisgarh.
(3) It shall come into force from the date of its publication in the Official Gazette.
In the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960 (No. 17 of 1961 ), (hereinafter referred to as the Principal Act), for the words "State Election Commission", wherever they occur, th; words "State Co-operative Election Commission" shall be substituted.
Amendment Section 2.
of 3. For clause (ij) of Section 2 of the Principal Act, the following shall be substituted, namely:-
Amendment of 4.
Section 50-8.
"(ii) "State Co-operative Election Commission" means a Commission referred to in Section 50-B of this Act, which shall be the authority or body for the purpose of superintendence, direction and control oftl)e preparation of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to a co-operative society under Article 243ZK of the Constitution of India."
For Section 50-B of the Principal Act, the following shall be suic::- d' ly ture name :-
"50-B. State Co-operative Election Commissi!J!?,• ('.'
The SuiaGo·.u.--..W.
by notification in the Official Gazette, e,nn••'· ~ ll'll . . Commission (hereinafter referred to ~• ,. te .• _Stll!e lire . e . ;ction direction and control of the pr.,...-·,,· e COIIIIW Sl#<'f!•) for' ,supermten ence,
. ,,., on of~inllls for, and the conduct of. all
287
(2)
(3)
-"'~-,-~,..--- ~ -- .elections to a c
perative society under the provision of this Act and rules made thereunder.
The State Government shall appoint any officer of the Indian Administrative Service not below the rank of Principal Secretary, who has served in the Government of Chhattisgarh, as the State C
perative Election Commissioner to conduct all elections to co-operative societies under this Act or rules made thereunder, The qualification, disqualification, term. and conditions of service of 1he State Co-operative Election Commissioner shall be such as may be prescribed.
(4) The State Government shall appoint on deputation any person, holding a post not below the rank of Deputy Registrar, as the Secretary to the Commission.
(5) (a) The State Government shall provide the Commission with such officers and staff, as m~ be necessary, for the perfomance of its functions.
(b) The Commission shall appoint a Returning Officer in the manner, as may be prescribed, to conduct election to the Board of a society and its office-bearers and also to fill up casual vacancies as provided in Section 49 of this Act and the Commission, if it thinks necessary, may also appoint zonal or other officers for the purpose of supervision and control of .election.
(6) • The Commission shall notify the code of conduct to be followed by the candidates, functionaries engaged in the process of election and others for enabling free and fair election.
(7) The Commission shall have the powers to seek requisition of the services of other officers for aiding and assisting in the election and such requisitioned Officers shall be under the overall supervision and control of the Commission during the election.
(8) (a) The election of members of the Board of Directors shall be conducted before the expiry of the term of Board of Directors, so as to ensure that the newly elected members of the Board of Directores assume office immediately on the expiry of the term of members of the outgoing Board of Directors.
(b) The Commission shall conduct elections of all co-operative societies registered under the Act in such manner, as may be prescribed.
-----"'"'-~ ... '
· 28 (3)
\
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7
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1! 28 (4) i i
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Repeal. 5.
(c) The outgoing Board of every co-operative society shall send a written request in such. manner, as may be prescribed, to the Commission. to conduct the election of its Board within six months prior to the expiry of the term of the existing Board.
(d) On receipt of the request under clause (c), the Commission shall ensure that the election is conducted before the expiry of the term of existing Board.
(e) It shall be the duty of the Board to ensure that all information, books and records, which may be required by the Commission for the purpose of election, are kept up dated and made avail-able in time to the Commission or any official authorized by it for this purpose.
(f) The Board shall also ensure that all assistance to the Commission is provided as .and when required by it for conduct of the election.
(9) All expenses incurred in conducting elections of the Board shall be paid to the Commission, in advance, by the State Government and the same shall be recovered from such society by the State Government in the manner as may be prescribed by it.
(10) The Commission may issue such instructions.to the Board or its members, which it may consider reason4ble for conducting free and fair electio,:i and such instructions issued under this Section shall be binding on Board or its merribers. The Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Ordinanc_e, 2014 (No. 2 of20I 4) is hereby, repealed.
289
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CHHATTISGARH ACT
(No. 8of2015)
CHHATTISGARH CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2015 An Act further to amend the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, I 960
(No. 17 of1961).
Be it enacted by the Chhattisgarh Legislature in the Sixty-sixth Year of the Republic oflndia, as follows:-
Short title, extent 1. (I) Th is Act may be called the Chhattistgarh Co-operative Societies (Amendment)Act, 2015. and commencement.
Amendment
Section 2.
of 2.
Insertion of new 3.
Section 9-A.
(2) It extends to the whole State of Chhattisgarh.
(3) It shall come into force from the date of its publication in the Official Gazette. For clause (t-i) of Section 2 of the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960 (No. 17 of 1961) , (hereinafter referred to as the Principal Act), the following shall be substituted, namely :-
"(t-i) "Officer" means any Official or a person elected or appointed by a society according to its bye-laws to any office of such society and includes a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, President, Vice-President, Managing Director, Manager, Secretary, Treasurer, Member of Board and any other person elected or appointed under this Act, the rules or the bye-laws to give directions in regard to the businees of such society;"
After Section 9 of the Principal Act, the following shall be added, namely:-
"9-A. Saving of existing Co-operative Societies - (I) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Co-operative Society registered under Chhattisgarh Sawayatta Sahakarita Adhiniyam, 1999 (repealed Act), shall be deemed to have registered under the corresponding provisions of this Act and bye-laws framed thereof, so far as the same are not inconsistent with the express provisions of this Act, shall continue to be in force unti l altered or rescinded.
(2) Every Co-operative society registered under this Act shall, within a period of six months from the date of coming into force of this Act, delete or amend such bye-laws, as are inconsistent with the provisions of this amending Act and make such further bye-laws as may be necessary, having regard to the provisions of this and previous amending Act.
295
4.
5.
After Section 49-E of the Principal Act, the following shall be added, namely:-
"49-F. Removal of member of Board of Society by General Body in certain circumstances- Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or rules made thereunder, any member of the [Board] of the Society who has acted adversely to the interest of the Society may on the basis of a report of the Registrar or otherwise be removed by a resolution of the General Body passed at its meeting by a majority of not less than two-third of the members present and voting, in such a manner as may be prescribed, by the Registrar in th is regard :
(1)
Provided that, the person concerned shall not be removed unless he/she has been given a reasonable opportunity of making representation in the matter:
Provided further that, such resolution shall not lie within a period of one year from the date on which he/she has taken charge of his respective office or such resolution is rejected or accepted by the General Body, as the case may be.
For sub-section (I) of Section 53 of the Principal Act, the following shall be substituted, namely :-
"(I) Ifin the opinion of the Registrar, the Board of Directors of any Society-
(a) is in persistent default; or
(b) is negligent in the performance of the duties imposed on him/her by or under this Act or bye-laws of the Society or by any lawful order passed by the Registrar or is unwilling to perform such duties; or
(c) commits acts which are prejudicial to the interest of the Society or its members; or
(d) violates the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder or bye-laws of the Society;
The Registrar may, by order in writing, remove the Board of Directors and appoint an administrator to manage the affairs of the society for a specified period, which shall not exceed six months and in case of a Co-operative Bank one year:
Provided that, the Board of Directors of any such Co-operative Society shall not be superseded or kept under suspension, where there is no Government shareholding or loan or financial assistance or any guarantee by the Government :
Provided further that, in case of a Co-operative Bank, the order of supersession shall not be passed without previous consultation with the Reserve Bank :
408 (5)
Insertion of new Section 49-F.
Amendment Section 53. of
296
408 ( 6)
Insertion of new Chapter.
6.
Provided also that, if no communication containing the views of the Reserve Bank, on action proposed is received within thirty days of the receipt by that Bank of the request soliciting consultation, it shall be presumed that the Reserve Bank agrees with the proposed action and the Registrar shall be free to pass such order as may be deemed tit."
(2) Sub-section (11) and (14) of Section 53 of the Principal Act shall be omitted. After Chapter V-A of the Principal Act, the following shall be inserted, namely:-
"CHAPTER V-B Insured Co-operative Bank 57-C: Insured Co-operative Bank:-
(]) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or Rules framed thereunder or bye-laws of any registered Co-operative Bank or orders issued thereunder, the provision of this chapter shall have overriding effect.
(2) In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, an insured Co-operative Bank means a society which is an insured bank under the provisions of the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961 (No. 4 7 of 1961 ).
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, in case of any Insured Co-operative Bank, -
(i) An order for winding up, or an order sanctioning a scheme of compromise or arrangement or of amalgamation or re-construction of the bank, may be made by the Registrar of Co-operative societies or any other Competent Authority, on ly with the previous sanction in writing of the Reserve Bank;
(ii) An order for winding up of the bank shall be made by the Registrar of Co-operative Societies or any other Competent Authority, if so required by the Reserve Bank in the circumstances referred to in Section 13D of the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961 (No. 47 of 1961 ).
(iii) lfso required by the Reserve Bank in public interest or for preventing the affairs of the bank being conducted in a manner detrimental to the interests of the depositors or for securing the proper management of the bank, an order shall be made by Registrar of Co-operative Societies or any other Competent Authority for the supersession of the Committee of Management or other managing body (by whatever name called) of the bank and the appointment of an administrator therefor for such period or periods not exceeding five years in the aggregate, as may from time to time, be specified by the Reserve Bank;
(iv) An order for winding up of the bank or an order sanctioning a scheme of compromise or arrangement or of amalgamation or re-construction or an order for the supersession of the committee of management or other managing body (by whatever name called) of the bank of the appointment of an administrator therefor made with the previous sanction in writing or on the requisition of the Reserve Bank shall not be liable to be called in question in any manner; and
(v) The liquidator or the insured bank or the transferee bank, as the case may be, shall be under an obligation to repay the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation in the circumstances, to the extent and in the manner referred to in Section 2 1 of the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961 (No. 47 ofl96 1)."
297
7.
8.
In Section 58 of the Principal Act, - (Q After proviso to sub-section (3), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:-
"Provided further that, all types of primary Co-operative Society shall have an option to get its accounts audited by Chartered Accountants or the Registrar or by any other person authorized by the Registrar in this behalf."
(ii) In sub-section ( 4), for the words "Auditor or group of Auditors" and
"prescribed by the registrar", the words "Auditor or Auditing firms" and
"prescribed by the State Government" shall be substituted, respectively.
(iii) After proviso to sub-section (4), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:-
"Provided further that, in case of liquidated society, the liquidator may appoint auditor or auditing firm to get its accounts audited from amongst a panel approved by the Registrar."
In sub-section (I) of Section 59 of the Principal Act, for the words "The Registrar may on the application of', the words "The Registrar may on his own motion or on the application of' shall be substituted.
408 (7)
Amendment Section 58.
Amendment Sect ion 59. of
of
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(No. 34 of 2016)
OIHAITISGARH CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES (AMENDMENT)
ACT, 2016
An Act further to amend the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960 (No. 17 of1961).
Be it enacted by the Chhattisgarh Legis lature in the Sixty-seventh Year of the Republic oflndia, as follows:-
1.
2.
3.
4.
(I) This Act may be called the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Act, 2016.
(2) It extends to the whole State of Chhattisgarh .
(3) It shall come into force from the date of its publication in the Official Gazette.
In Section 2 of the Chhattisgarh Co-operative Societies Act, 1960 (No. 17 of 1961) (hereinafter referred to as the Principal Act), after clause Uj), the following shall be added; namely:-
"(kk) "National Bank" means the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development established under Section 3 of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981 (61 of 1981 )."
After sub-section (3) of Section 48 of the Principal Act, the following sha ll be inserted, namely:-
"(3-A) ln the event of society failing to elect requisite number of members of Board, the elected member shall co-opt the requisite number of members from the members of such society, which is eligib le for such representation :
Provided that no co-option shall be made in a meeting of the society unless there is a quorum :
Provided further that such board meeting shall be presided over by the returning officer."
In sub-section (3) of Section 48-B of the Principa l Act,-
(i) for the punctuation ful l stop"." the punctuation":" shall be substituted; and
(ii) below l.ub-section (3 ), the fo llowing shall be added, namely:-
" Provided that the one seat in each category from amongst the groups reserved for the members belonging to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Unreserved, shall be
reaerv d for women "
898 (3)
Short title, extent and commencement. Amendment
Section 2.
Amendment
Section 48.
of
of
Amendment of
Section 48-8.
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1
. ·
0
' ection 53-8 of the Principal Act. the following shall be
"(4Xi)
. name y - I fin th · · · . . . e op, n1un of the Registrar any salaried officer of the co-operat1ve society willful ly and persistenlly violates the provisions of this Act or Rules made thereunder, bye-laws of the society or any order passed by him or has by fraudulent act caused financial loss to the society,-
(a) then he may, without prejudice to any other action that may be taken against such officer, call upon the society to take action against such officer: and
(b) whereupon the society shall , after affording reasonable opportunity of being heard to such officer, pass such order with in such period as may be specified by the Registrar.
(ii) In the case of failure of the society to take action under clause (i) of sub-section (4), the Registrar may, after affording reasonable opportunity of being heard to such officer, impose such major penalty on such officer as he may deem tit.
Explanation.- ·'major penalty" may be the order of demotion from the present post held, compu lsory retirement or termination from the service.
(iii) Any salaried officer punished or removed under clause (i) or (ii) of sub-section ( 4) shal I be deemed to have been punished under the relevant provisions of the service rules of the concerned society; and in case of his compulsory retirement or termination from the services, such officer shall not be eligible to hold any office of any co-operative society :
Provided that the powers conferred on the Registrar under sub-section (4) of this Section shall not be delegated to any officer below the rank of Joint Registrar:
Provided further that the vacancy arising out of the removal of such salaried officer under this sub-section shall be filled immediately by the Appointing Authority or the Registrar, as the case may be."
After Section 53-8 of the Principal Act, the following sha ll be inserted, namely:-
"53-C. Remove! of the officer of the Co-operotive Bank in Certain Circumstances.-
(i) On the recommendation of the Reserve Bank or the National Bank, any member of the Board or Chief Executive Officer of any Co-operative Bank, who do not fulfill the criteria stipu lated by the Reserve Bank shall be removed by the Registrar or Appointing Authority, as the case may be.
(ii) Where in the opinion of the Reserve Bank, the functioning of the Chief
304
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7.
8.
9.
(iii) lfbany p~rson who, has been co-opt<.:d as a member of the Board under su -section (9) of Section 48 · h · ·
h . . . , in t c opinion of the Reserve Bank is not avmg requ1s1te knowledge or exrcrience then on advice of the Reserve Bank or the National ~ank, shall be removed from the office a lier giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard."
In sub-section (3) of Section 54 of the Principal Act,-
(i) for the punctuation full stop".", the punctuation":" shall be substituted; and
(ii) below sub-section (3), the following shall be added, namely :-
(a) The eligibility criteria to hold the office ofChiefExecutive Officer of any Co-operative Bank shall be as such as may be prescribed by the Reserve Bank in this regard.
(b) If the concerning Co-operative Bank fails to appoint Chief Executive Officer under the eligibility criteria within a specified period, in such a condition the registrar may appoint such eligible officer of the Bank."
Section 57-B shall be omitted.
In Section 58 of the Principal Act,-
(i) in sub-section ( 4 ),-
(a) for the punctuation fu ll stop ".'' the punctuation":" shall be substituted; and
(b) after the third proviso, the fo llowing shall be added, namely:-
"Provided also that in case of Co-operative Bank, if the Reserve Bank so requires; the Registrar shall cause to conduct special audit of the financial accounts of the Co-operative Bank and furnish the report of such audit in such manner and within such time as may be prescribed by the Reserve Bank."
(ii) after sub-section (7), the fo llowing sha ll be added, namely:-
"(8) In case of primary agricultural credit co-operative society, such prudential norms stipulated by the Reserve Bank including nonns for capital to risk weighted assets ratio, shall be prescribed by the Registrar in consultation with National Bank"
M.._ak:N'I (3} of ection 58-B of the Principal Act, for the words "State word "Tribunal" hall be sub titut d.
Amendment
Section 54.
898 (5)
of
Omission of Section 57-B.
Amendment
Section 58.
Amendment ..... of
of
305