SIMMS v. PEOPLE

1. CRIMINAL LAW — Sanity Trial — Robbery — Burden of Proof — Preponderance — Insanity — Error. Where trial judge, at sanity trial of defendant charged with robbery, instructed jury that defendant has burden of proving by preponderance of evidence that he was insane at time of alleged commission of crime, held, such instruction is prejudicially erroneous.

MR. JUSTICE PRINGLE delivered the opinion of the Court.

On June 16, 1967, plaintiff in error James Edward Simms was charged in El Paso County with having committed the crime of robbery. Simms pleaded not guilty and not guilty by reason of insanity at the time of the alleged commission of the crime. A separate trial on the issue of sanity was held and the jury therein found the defendant to be "sane." Thereafter, a trial on the merits was held and Simms was found guilty. He directs his writ of error here only to the proceedings which occurred at the trial on the issue of sanity.

At the sanity trial, the trial judge, applying C.R.S. 1963, 39-8-1, as amended, 1967 Session Laws 221, instructed the jury that:

"* * * the defendant has the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that he was insane at the time of the alleged commission of the crime . . . By 'burden of proof' is meant the obligation resting upon the defendant to prove his insanity by a preponderance of the evidence."

The Attorney General has filed a confession of error in this matter, advising us that the situation here is governed by this Court's recent pronouncement in People ex. rel. Juhan v. Dist. Court, 165 Colo. 253, 439 P.2d 741. We agree and find the instruction in question to be prejudicially erroneous. We therefore reverse the portion of the judgment finding the defendant sane at the time of the commission of the crime and remand the matter to the District Court of El Paso County for a new trial on the issue of sanity only, such trial to be held in accordance with the principles set forth in People ex. rel. Juhan v. District Court, supra.