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Case Summary: OA No. 2750/2022 — Central Administrative Tribunal, Principal Bench (Order dated 27.09.2022)

Factual and Procedural Background

The applicant, Chandar Ratan (staff no. 18020, T. No. 38126), was appointed as a Conductor on 18.11.1982. He was dismissed on 26.03.1988 and reinstated on 17.10.1989. The respondent (Delhi Transport Corporation) introduced a Pension Scheme on 27.11.1992. The applicant was removed again on 03.08.1995 and later reinstated by an order of the Labour Court on 05.06.2009, returning to service on 20.09.2010. The applicant superannuated on 07.03.2016 and received CPF benefits at retirement.

After retirement, the applicant sought pensionary benefits under the DTC pension scheme of 27.11.1992. The applicant's grievance arises from an apparent discrepancy between (a) the presence of the code "S" (denoting "DTC Pension") on his pay slips during 2010–2016 and an RTI reply explaining codes, and (b) documentary records (service book and an option form) produced by the respondent showing that the applicant had not opted for the pension. The applicant first made a representation for pension in 2017 and lodged RTI queries; an Office Communication dated 22.06.2018 (under RTI) recorded that an institutional discussion concluded that the employee had not opted for pension but a clerical error showed "S" on pay slips.

The applicant filed OA No. 2750/2022 challenging denial of pension. Respondent produced the applicant's original service book and an option form allegedly signed by the applicant stating he had not opted for pension. The Tribunal heard the matter at the admission stage and reserved its order on 27.09.2022.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the applicant is entitled to be treated as a "deemed optee" under clause 9 of the DTC Pension Scheme dated 27.11.1992 for the purpose of receiving DTC pension despite documentary evidence that he did not opt for pension.
  2. Whether an RTI Office Communication (recording that a clerical mistake caused "S" to appear on pay slips) can constitute a basis for relief (grant of pension) at a belated stage.
  3. Whether the applicant's claim for being covered under the Pension Scheme (filed after retirement and many years after the relevant events) is barred by the law of limitation, laches or by the fact that CPF dues were paid at retirement.

Arguments of the Parties

Applicant's Arguments

  • The applicant contends he had exercised an option in the period between 27.11.1992 and 03.08.1995 while the pension scheme was in existence (he disputes respondents' claim otherwise).
  • From 2010–2016 the respondent showed code "S" on his pay slip, indicating DTC Pension, and deductions from his salary were being made accordingly.
  • The applicant relies on an RTI response (SNPD/RTI/2016/478 dated 19.09.2016) explaining pay-slip codes: "S = DTC Pension, E = EPS-95 Pension, Z = No Pension"; he says this supports that he was treated as a DTC pension optee.
  • The applicant claims that the option form and service book entries purportedly showing he did not opt were not signed or filled by him, and suggests those records were manipulated after he became a deemed pension optee, amounting to malice.
  • The applicant urges that clause 9 of the Scheme dated 27.11.1992 should be applied in his favour.

Respondent's Arguments

  • The respondent produced the applicant's original service book and the signed option form showing that the applicant had not opted for pension; these were produced at the admission stage by the respondent's counsel.
  • Respondent's position (as reflected in the 22.06.2018 Office Communication recorded under RTI) was that the employee had not opted for pension and the appearance of "S" on pay slips was a clerical error; on that basis, the consensus was that the employee had not opted.
  • Respondent relied on settled law (High Court and Supreme Court decisions) to submit that retirees who did not positively opt for pension and who had received CPF dues would have no claim to pension and that such claims are barred by limitation.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
W.P. (C) No. 14027/2009 — DTC vs. Madhu Bhushan Anand (judgment dated 10.08.2010); SLP No. 31241/2010 (dismissed 03.12.2010) Clause 9 of the pension scheme applies to serving employees; persons who had retired prior to the notification needed to exercise a positive option to receive pension and, where applicable, refund the management's share credited under the Contributory Provident Fund (para 6 of the notification). The decision holds that retirees who did not opt and who received CPF dues cannot later claim pension; rights under the scheme are determined by statute/scheme and not proforma language. Delay and limitation bar belated claims. The Tribunal relied on this authority to conclude that the applicant's claim was without merit, that clause 9 did not entitle a retired person who did not positively opt to claim pension belatedly, and that the claim was hopelessly barred by limitation and laches.
LPA No. 33/1998 — DTC vs. Sh. Baijnath Bhargav & Ors.; reported as (2001) 6 SCC 61 — DTC Retired Employees Association & Ors. vs. DTC & Ors. Affirmed principle that retirees who received CPF payments and did not exercise requisite positive option cannot subsequently claim pension; validates the High Court's approach that the scheme's requirements govern entitlement. Referenced in the High Court judgment quoted in the record; the Tribunal used the line of authority to support its view that the applicant, having received CPF dues and not having earlier challenged the matter within the prescribed time, could not now claim pension under the scheme.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Tribunal examined the documentary record, including the applicant's service book and the option form produced in original by the respondent. The service book and the signed option form indicated the applicant had not opted for pension; these documents were accepted by the Tribunal as demonstrating non-option.

The Tribunal observed that the Office Communication produced under RTI (dated 22.06.2018) merely recorded an internal discussion that a clerical mistake had caused "S" to appear in the applicant's pay slip despite an option form indicating non-option. The Tribunal held that such RTI information is not a substantive order conferring pensionary rights and cannot, at a belated stage, be the basis for granting pension under the office order dated 27.11.1992.

The Tribunal noted that the applicant had full knowledge of his status prior to retirement, had received CPF benefits at the time of superannuation (07.03.2016), and did not make timely representations while in service or immediately upon retirement. Instead, the applicant's first representation for pension was in 2017 (post-retirement). The Tribunal considered this delay and observed that the applicant's present attempt—disputing his signature and asserting deemed optee status—was an effort to secure pension belatedly.

Relying on binding precedents from the High Court and Supreme Court (as set out in the quoted judgment in DTC vs. Madhu Bhushan Anand and the earlier LPA/SCC authority), the Tribunal applied the legal principle that clause 9 of the 27.11.1992 scheme applies to serving employees and that retired employees who did not positively opt and who accepted CPF dues cannot later claim pension. The Tribunal further applied the limitation and laches principles discussed in those authorities and concluded that the applicant's claim was time-barred and lacked merit.

Additionally, the Tribunal addressed the applicant's challenge to the authenticity of the signature on the option form. The Tribunal found the contention unpersuasive in light of the original documents produced and the authorities which accept handwritten letters/signatures unless convincingly disputed with specific evidence.

Holding and Implications

Holding: The OA is dismissed as devoid of merit. The Tribunal held that the applicant is not entitled to pension under the DTC Pension Scheme dated 27.11.1992 on the facts before it and that the claim is hopelessly barred by limitation.

Implications:

  • Direct effect on the parties: The applicant's request for grant of DTC pension under the 27.11.1992 scheme is rejected. The respondent's entries and the option form showing non-option are accepted for the limited purpose of this dispute.
  • Costs: Although the respondents sought imposition of costs, the Tribunal declined to award costs considering the applicant's status as a senior citizen; the order records "No order as to costs" and specifically notes no cost is awarded.
  • Precedential effect: The Tribunal's decision follows existing High Court and Supreme Court authority and does not purport to create a new legal principle. The holding applies the established rule that retired employees who did not exercise the required positive option and who took CPF dues cannot later claim pension under the scheme, and that such belated claims are barred by limitation.

Order signed by: Manish Garg, Member (J) — Order (oral) dated 27.09.2022.

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    CHANDAR RATAN v. DELHI TRANSPORT CORPORATION (DTC)

    Item 20 OA No. 2750/2022

    Central Administrative Tribunal Principal Bench, New Delhi OA No. 2750/2022

    MA No. 2831/2022

    This the 27th Day of September, 2022 Hon'ble Mr. Manish Garg, Member (J)

    Chandar Ratan Age 60 Years Group C Ex. Conductor

    B. No. 18020 T. K. No. 38126 Res: House no. 811 First Floor Sector 15 A Faridabad Haryana- 121007

    ...... Applicant

    (By Advocate: Sh. Ravindra S. Garia)

    Versus

    Delhi Transport Corporation I.P Estate, New Delhi- 110002 Through Chairman DTC

    ...Respondent

    (By Advocate: Sh. Ajesh Luthra)

    1

    ORDER (Oral)

    The applicant was appointed as Conductor on 18.11.1982. The applicant was dismissed from service on 26.03.1988. Thereafter, the applicant was reinstated in service on 17.10.1989. The respondents introduce the Pension Scheme on 27.11.1992. Again the applicant was removed from service on 03.08.1995. Thereafter, the Circular dated 22.04.1996 was issued circulating the Employees Pension Scheme, 1995. The applicant was directed to be reinstated on 05.06.2009 as per the Order of Labour Court and accordingly, he was re-institated on 20.09.2010 in the respondent corporation.

    2. At the outset, it is disputed by the learned counsel for the applicant that he exercised option from 27.11.1992 to 03.08.1995 when the Scheme was in existence.

    3. It is case of the applicant that from 2010-2016, the respondent corporation put the code "S" on the applicant's pay slip which denoting that he had opted for D.T.C pension and deductions from his salary were being made accordingly.

    2

    4. It is not a disputed fact that the applicant superannuated from service on 07.03.2016. It is case of the applicant that the applicant should be considered as per clause 9 of Scheme dated 27.11.1992. It is also not disputed that applicant received CPF benefits at the time of his superannuation in accordance with rule position. Till the date of superannuation, the applicant did not make any representation despite of having knowledge of the fact that with regard to be covered under the Pension Scheme dated 27.11.1992. It is the case of the applicant that the applicant was treated as deemed under clause 9 of the Scheme Pension optee. The applicant further relies upon the response of RTI No. SNPD/RTI/2016/478 dated 19.09.2016 where following words' meaning has been mentioned:-

    "S= DTC Pension E= EPS -95 Pension Z= No Pension"

    5. First representation of the applicant was made in 2017 requesting for pension. Thereafter on 09.08.2017, the respondent corporation provided information under RTI that no changes regarding time to take option were made in order no. 16 dated 27.11.1992.

    3

    6. The basis of the present OA is only an Office Communication dated 22.6.2018 under the RTI Act, 2005 wherein it has recorded as under:-

    REFERENCE:- LETTER NO. RTI/APPEAL/ORDER- 3211, 3212, 3213, 3235, 2018/453 DATE 05/06/18-- ---/RTI/P.I.O/2048/230 DATE 07-06-18 A request has been made to get information under the right to public information Act sought by Mr. Chandra Rattan Bajaj. r/o 378, Sec-15A Faridabad, Haryana are as follows:-

    On this date 19.06.18 depot manager Sukhdev Vihar Depot, Kalkaji depot and accountant srinivas puri depot along with deputy manager (pension), deputy manager (salary) and additional ACO personally along with Mr. Chandra rattan ex conductor B.C. 18020 Token No. 38126. Discussion took place in the case related to pension in which it was concluded not opted have been shown in the service book only on the basis of the option form filled by the employee. But due to the mistake of Delhi Transport Corporation, "S" is shown in the pay slip of the employee. On the basis of the above facts, all expressed their consent in respect of not opted pension."

    7. In view of above information received, it has been highlighted that the applicant had filled the application form wherein he had expressed not opted for pension. Therefore, mistake committed due to clerical error and the applicant is shown under "S" category, wherein he is entitled to be opted for pension.

    8. During the course of hearing at admission stage itself, the learned standing counsel Mr. Ajesh Luthra appearing on behalf of DTC placed on record the Service

    4

    Book of the applicant (with original records) bearing staff no. 18020 T. No. 38126, where the applicant is shown to have not opted for pension which had been duly signed by the applicant. As a matter of fact, learned counsel for the respondents/DTC has also produced the original. Even the service book has been produced by learned counsel for respondents where it has been endorsed that the applicant has not opted for pension

    9. Learned counsel for the applicant disputes the same. Learned counsel for the applicant stressfully urged that the D.T.C Employees Superannuation Pension Trust was introduced on 27.11.1992 and the office order of even date clearly provided that if no option is given within 30 days of the date of the Office Order, the employee shall be deemed to have opted for D.T.C. Pension. Moreover, the applicant is a deemed pension optee and it is evident from a bare perusal of the record that the service book and the option form purportedly claimed to have been signed by the Applicant (which the Applicant has consistently maintained that was never signed or filled or given by him) have been later on after the Applicant had become a deemed pension optee was with malafide manipulated to somehow deprive the Applicant

    5

    of his right to get D.T. C. Pension and such conduct amounts to malice in fact and malice in law as well.

    10. After perusing the records along with service book and annexure form, this Tribunal is of the view that the impugned order is RTI information only which cannot be made the basis of relief for grant of pension in terms of office order dated 27.11.1992 at belated stage. Furthermore, the applicant, despite of having full knowledge about the fact that he had not opted for pension, he is trying to mislead this Tribunal by stating and/or disputing even his signature on the option form. It is unfortunate that the applicant is very cleverly trying to wriggle out and press upon for implementation of the pension scheme dated 27.11.992 as same being applicable to him. It is also unfortunate that despite having been retired on 07.03.2016. The submission are made on behalf of the applicant on instruction that the applicant earlier dismissed from service and again reinstated again removed from service and again reinstated, till such time the applicant had never made representation with regard to implementation of the said scheme. All along what he has been urged is just that he has been making representation after post retirement

    6

    since 2017 till 2018. Even assuming for the sake of arguments that the impugned order that is order under RTI stipulating to be an order rejecting the case of the applicant for consideration of the pension scheme dated 27.11.1992, the same is also hopelessly barred by the law of limitation. As a matter of fact, learned counsel for the applicant making submission to urge and distinguish his case from a well settled law passed by the Hon'ble High court in W.P (C) No. 14027/2009 in the matter of Delhi Transport Corporation Vs. Madhu Bhusan Anand which was delivered on 10.08.2010, which was further upheld by Hon'ble Apex Court in SLP No. 31241/2010 dismissed on 3.12.2010. The operative portion of the said judgment passed by the Hon'ble High Court reads as under :-

    "19. No discernable reasons are forthcoming from the decision of the Tribunal save and except that the Tribunal has treated his entitlement in terms of clause 9 of the pension scheme dated 27.11.1992, ignoring the fact that clause 9 applied to the serving employees of DTC and in respect of those who had retired prior to the promulgation of the notification dated 27.11.1992, were required to exercise a positive option to be given pension with concomitant act of refunding the management's share received by them under the Contributory Provident Fund Scheme, vide para 6 of the notification dated 27.11.1992. Indeed, this has been so held by a Division Bench of this Court in the decision dated 16.3.2000 in LPA No.33/1998 DTC Vs. Sh.Baijnath Bhargav & Ors. which decision has been upheld by the Supreme Court in the decision reported as (2001) 6 SCC 61 DTC Retired Employees Association & Ors. Vs. DTC & Ors.

    7

    20. Thus, as regards W.P.(C) No.3339/2010 is concerned, noting that the respondent therein could not be treated as a deemed optee for the pension scheme and having not specifically opted for the pension scheme and having received all dues payable to him when he retired as per the amount lying to his credit as a member of the Contributory Provident Fund Scheme and obviously he having not opted for the pension scheme and thus not having returned the management's contribution pertaining to him and as credited in his account as a member of the Contributory Provident Fund Scheme, said respondent would have no case at all.

    28. Suffice would it be to state that a bare perusal of the orders referred to by learned counsel, evidence that a printed proforma has been used. The same pertained to the earlier VRS Schemes. It is settled law that rights are determined not with reference to the language of the proforma but the statute or the scheme applicable. The said two petitioners submitted offers to be voluntarily retired under the schemes notified on 5.12.1994 and 8.12.1995. Further, they received the cheques tendered to them which included the management's share in the Contributory Provident Fund Account. These cheques were received by them on 31.3.1995 and 31.10.1995 respectively. They encashed the cheques. We may note that these two petitioners had filed writ petitions in the year 2005 and 2007 respectively laying a claim for pension which were transferred to the Central Administrative Tribunal and registered as TA No.689/2009 and TA No.1385/2009 respectively, which have been dismissed by the Tribunal vide impugned order dated 23.9.2009. The claim of these writ petitioners would even otherwise be barred by the law of limitation. The principle that right to receive pension is a continuous cause of action is not available to them inasmuch as qua them, the issue was whether they were entitled to receive dues as per Contributory Provident Fund Scheme or under the pension scheme. They were paid full dues when they retired on 31.3.1995 and 31.10.1995 respectively as per the Contributory Provident Fund Scheme and if they had any grievance pertaining to the same, it had to be brought before a Competent Court within at most 3 years thereafter.

    38. Qua the stand taken by the respondent of W.P.(C) No.756/2010, suffice would it be to state that DTC has produced the letter written by him under his signatures. It is a handwritten letter. He has not denied that the writing is not his. He has not denied his signatures thereon. His vague denial that he never wrote the letter, without taking specific stand is

    8

    neither here nor there. Further, as we would be noticing qua the other respondents he received the CPF dues when he retired with effect from 31.5.1993 and thereafter received the CPF dues and kept quiet till he filed a writ petition in this Court in the year 2008 which was transferred to the Central Administrative Tribunal in the year 2009 and was registered as TA No.1449/2009

    44. In our opinion these respondents have no claim whatsoever to receive pension. They novated the contract by volition when they subsequently opted out of the pension scheme and DTC accepted the same and paid to them even the management's share in the CPF account. Their claims are hit by delay, laches and limitation. They are not entitled to plead that right to receive pension is a continuous cause of action, for the reason, in law either pension can be received or benefit under the CPF account. If the management forces down the gullet of an employee payment under the CPF Scheme and the employee desires pension he has to approach the Court or the Tribunal within a maximum period of 3 years being the limitation prescribed to file a suit."

    11. For the reasons and mentioned above and also the law already settled by the Hon'ble High Court in DTC Vs. Madhu Bhushan Anand as upheld by the Hon'ble Apex Court, there is not merit in the present OA. Learned counsel for the respondents stress upon imposition of cost in such cases. However, considering the applicant being a senior citizen, no cost is awarded. OA is dismissed accordingly. No order as to costs.

    (Manish Garg) Member (J)

    /pinky/

    9

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    CHANDAR RATAN v. DELHI TRANSPORT CORPORATION (DTC)
    (Sep 27, 2022)