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    State Of Punjab And Another v. Makhan Lal Etc.

    D. Falshaw, C.J. - This is an appeal filed by the State under clause 10 of the Letters Patent against the order of Mehar Singh, J. accepting a petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution by two brothers Makhan Lal and Sis Ram and quashing an order passed by the Director, Consolidation of Holdings exercising the powers of the Government under Section 42 of the East Punjab Holdings (Consolidation and Prevention of Fragmentation) Act of 1948, dated the 15th of September, 1958. 2. The facts are that consolidation had taken place in Jamalpur, the village of the petitioner and the three non-official respondents in the writ petition, and the final scheme was published and repartition carried out during 1950. Nearly two years later in May, 1958 Onkar Singh, Chandu Lal and Sajjan Singh respondents presented an application to the Minister for the provision of a path through a part of the land of the petitioners to enable them to take a tractor and trailer to their own land by short direct route, it being necessary for them otherwise to take their tractor and trailer by one or other of two roundabout routes which were interrupted by a number of bunds. It was urged that this would be in the interest of the 'Grow More Food Campaign' The matter was referred by the Minister to the Director, Consolidation of Holdings, for disposal under Section 42 of the Act and the latter caused the parties to appear before him at Gurgaon on the 15th of September, 1958 when the impugned order was passed extending an already existing path up to the boundary of the village and at the same time compensating Makhan Lal for the land of which he was being deprived in order to provide the path by giving him an equivalent amount of land from the western side of a field in the plot of Onkar Singh respondent. 3. The learned Single Judge accepted the contention of the petitioners based on the wording of Section 42 which, as it stood at that time reads :- "The State Government may at any time for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the legality or propriety of any order passed by any officer under this Act call for and examine the record of any case pending before or disposed of by such officer and may pass such order in reference thereto as it thinks fit......." The contention was that the repartition had taken place without objections and that repartition itself was not an order which could be revised under Section 42 of the Act and the learned Single Judge in the circumstances quashed the order as being without jurisdiction. 4. This decision, however, was given in October, 1959 and since then Section 12 has been retrospectively amended by Punjab Act 27 of 1960 and it now reads - "The State Government may at any time for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the legality or propriety of any order passed, scheme prepared or confirmed or repartition made by any officer under this Act, call for and examine the record of any case pending before or disposed of by such officer and may pass such order in reference thereto as it thinks fit......" 5. The amended provisions of section 42 have been considered by a Full Bench in the Director, Consolidation of Holdings, Jullundur and another v. Johri Mal, 1961 P.L.R. 93, and the majority, Dulat and P.C. Pandit, JJ. (Tek Chand, J. dissenting,) held that Section 36 of the Act does not touch the power of the State Government conferred on it by Section 42 of the Act, for it is only when the authority confirming a scheme decides to vary or revoke it that recourse had to be had to Section 36, while the power of the State Government under Section 42 is wholly independent of the power of the authority confirming the scheme, and the only limitation prescribed in Section 42, as contained in the proviso, is that before the State Government makes any order the parties interested in the matter are given notice to appear and opportunity to be heard. There is therefore no force in the contention that a scheme of consolidation cannot be varied even by the State Government except in accordance with Section 36 of the Act. 6. It is clear that if this decision is followed the order of the learned Single Judge was wrong and must be set aside. However, a fresh argument based on the majority view in Bhikhan and others v. The Punjab State and others, 1963 Cur. Law J. 169=1963 P.L.R. 368, has been advanced by the learned counsel for the respondents. The Full Bench in that case was considering the provisions only of Section 36 of the Act which provides, "a scheme" for the consolidation of holdings confirmed under this Act may at any time be varied or revoked by the authority which confirms it subject to any order of the State Government that may be made in relation thereto and a subsequent scheme may be prepared, published and confirmed in accordance with the provisions of this Act. It will be seen that the words "at any time" occur in this Section as well as in Section 42, and one of the matters considered by the learned Judges was whether these words have their natural meaning or whether they are used only in some restricted sense. Tek Chand, J. has devoted a considerable part of his judgment to this question and he has ultimately come to the conclusion that the power to vary or revoke a scheme 'at any time' must be read to mean during the consolidation proceedings. Of the other learned Judges Dua, J. has agreed with the view of Tek Chand, J. though evidently with some Expidation as the concluding words of his brief order show :- "Of the two rival contentions canvassed at the Bar, therefore, I would, as at present advised, prefer, on the whole, to adopt the one approved by my learned brother Tek Chand, J. though I must confess that I am doing so, not without a certain degree of hesitation." The third learned Judge, has dissented from the view of Tek Chand, J. on this point. 7. The learned counsel for the respondents has tried to persuade us that since the words 'at any time' have been interpreted in this way in relation to Section 36 they should be interpreted on somewhat similar lines in connection with Section 42, but I find myself unable to accept this contention partly because with the utmost respect for the views of Tek Chand, J., I agree with those of the dissenting Judge in that case, and partly because it is quite clear from the discussion in the judgment of Tek Chand, J. that he was considering Section 36 only and not Section 42, which he conceded was a much broader-based Section than Section 36. 8. The learned counsel for the respondents has also sought to rely on other grounds raised in the writ petition which the learned Single Judge having found that the impugned order was without jurisdiction did not find it necessary to consider in detail. The only other ground, however, appears to be a rather vague allegation of mala fides based on the allegation that the representation or application of the respondents was submitted to the Minister though no personal interest on the part of the Minister is alleged and on the allegation that an application made by some other right-holders of the village some time before that of the respondents in the present case was rejected as being belated. It is impossible to say whether there was any merit in that application and in my opinion even if all the allegations made in the petition are correct they do not amount to sufficient ground for holding the impugned order to have been passed mala fide. The result is that I would accept the appeal and dismiss the writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution, but the parties may be left to bear their own costs. 9. A.N. Grover, J. - I agree that the writ petition be dismissed. Petition dismissed.

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    State Of Punjab And Another v. Makhan Lal Etc.
    (Sep 26, 1963)