AMICUS AI
Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
2008 INSC 84
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short “CPC”)
  • Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)
  • Section 5, Subsection 2 of the 1983 Income Tax Act
  • Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
Are you a practicing lawyer?
Enhance your digital presence and reach by creating a Casemine profile.
Upload pleading to use the new AI search
Cites
Cited by
Citation Codes
Neutral Citations
2008 INSC 84
Equivalent Citations
citation codes
Case Number
Disposition
Attorney(S)
Judges
Acts
  • Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short “CPC”)
  • Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)
  • Section 5, Subsection 2 of the 1983 Income Tax Act
  • Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
Smart Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The litigation originated with Regular Civil Suit No. 62 of 1981 before the Civil Judge, Junior Division, Kallam. The suit was decided in favour of the plaintiff. On appeal, the learned Additional District Judge, Osmanabad, in Regular Civil Appeal No. 89 of 1999 affirmed the trial court’s decree. The heirs of the original Defendants 1–3 then filed a second appeal (under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908) before the Bombay High Court, Aurangabad Bench. While issuing notice, the High Court confined the scope of the appeal to the trial court’s direction for an inquiry into mesne profits under Order 20 Rule 12 CPC. Nevertheless, the High Court ultimately dismissed the second appeal, holding that no substantial question of law arose. The present appeal before the Supreme Court challenges that dismissal.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the High Court erred in holding that no substantial question of law arose in the second appeal, despite its earlier observation that the grant of mesne profits without a specific prayer and inquiry under Order 20 Rule 12 CPC required examination.
  2. Whether a decree awarding mesne profits can be sustained when the plaint contained no specific claim for mesne profits and no inquiry as mandated by Order 20 Rule 12 CPC was conducted.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • The trial and first-appellate courts erroneously awarded mesne profits even though the plaint did not contain a specific prayer for such relief and no inquiry under Order 20 Rule 12 CPC was undertaken.
  • The Supreme Court decision in Mohd. Amin v. Vakil Ahmad, AIR 1952 SC 358, squarely holds that mesne profits cannot be granted in the absence of an express claim, and therefore Clause IV of the operative part of the trial court’s decree is unsustainable.
  • The High Court, having initially identified this as a substantial question of law while issuing notice, acted contrary to law in subsequently dismissing the appeal without addressing that issue.

There was no appearance on behalf of the respondent, and hence no counter-arguments are recorded.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Mohd. Amin v. Vakil Ahmad, AIR 1952 SC 358 Award of mesne profits is impermissible when the plaint contains no specific claim for them. The Supreme Court relied on this authority to hold that the High Court should have examined the legality of granting mesne profits in the present case.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Supreme Court observed that, at the notice stage of the second appeal, the High Court itself had recognised a substantial question of law: whether mesne profits could be awarded absent a specific prayer and inquiry under Order 20 Rule 12 CPC. Notwithstanding this recognition, the High Court later dismissed the appeal summarily, stating that no question of law arose.

Referring to the binding precedent in Mohd. Amin v. Vakil Ahmad, the Supreme Court underscored that mesne profits cannot be granted when they have not been claimed in the plaint. The Court concluded that the High Court had overlooked this settled principle and failed to address the identified substantial question of law.

Given this oversight, the Supreme Court determined that the appropriate course was to set aside the High Court’s dismissal and remit the matter for fresh consideration limited to the issue of mesne profits.

Holding and Implications

The appeal is allowed and the matter is remitted to the Bombay High Court, Aurangabad Bench, for reconsideration of the question concerning the award of mesne profits under Order 20 Rule 12 CPC. No order as to costs was made.

Implications: The decision obliges the High Court to examine the legality of granting mesne profits without a specific claim and inquiry, reaffirming the necessity of adherence to procedural requirements under Order 20 Rule 12 CPC. The ruling affects only the parties to this case and does not establish a new legal principle beyond reiterating settled law.

To access the original judgment, please Sign In or Subscribe.

    Ganapati Madhav Sawant (Dead) Through His Lrs. v. Dattur Madhav Sawant .

    Dr. Arijit Pasayat, J.— Leave granted.

    2. Challenge in this appeal is to the order passed by a learned Single Judge of the Bombay High Court, Aurangabad Bench, dismissing the appeal filed by the appellant under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short “CPC”). The appellants, heirs of the original Defendants 1 to 3 questioned correctness of the decree and judgment passed by the learned Additional District Judge, Osmanabad in Regular Civil Appeal No. 89 of 1999 confirming the decree in Regular Civil Suit No. 62 of 1981 passed by the Civil Judge, Junior Division, Kallam. The High Court dismissed the second appeal holding that there was no question of law involved and therefore, the second appeal was without merit.

    3. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that while issuing notice in the second appeal, the High Court categorically observed as follows:

    “The next ground argued by the learned counsel for the appellant is that the plaintiff did not pray for an inquiry for the mesne profits to be held under Order 20 Rule 12 in the plaint and in the absence of specific prayer for an inquiry into the mesne profits the same should not have been granted by the courts below. The said direction is contained in Clause IV in the operative part of the judgment and decree of the trial court. The learned counsel for the appellant has placed reliance on Mohd. Amin v. Vakil Ahmad AIR 1952 SC 358 and to be precise para 20 thereof. In this view of the matter issue notice before admission returnable in six weeks touching only Clause IV of the operative part of the order passed by the trial court directing the inquiry in regard to mesne profits under Order 20 Rule 12. The respondents be intimated that the appeal will be finally heard and decided at admission stage.”

    4. It was, therefore, pointed out that the grant of mesne profits without any inquiry in terms of Order 20 Rule 12 CPC was not permissible.

    5. There is no appearance on behalf of the respondent.

    6. In Mohd. Amin v. Vakil Ahmad AIR 1952 SC 358 it was, inter alia, observed as follows: (AIR p. 362, para 20)

    “20. It was however pointed out by Shri S.P Sinha that the High Court erred in awarding to the plaintiffs mesne profits even though there was no demand for the same in the plaint. The learned Solicitor General appearing for the plaintiffs conceded that there was no demand for mesne profits as such but urged that the claim for mesne profits would be included within the expression ‘awarding possession and occupation of the property aforesaid together with all the rights appertaining thereto’. We are afraid that the claim for mesne profits cannot be included within this expression and the High Court was in error in awarding to the plaintiffs mesne profits though they had not been claimed in the plaint. The provision in regard to the mesne profits will therefore have to be deleted from the decree. We dismiss the appeal of Defendants 1 to 5 and affirm the decree passed by the High Court in favour of the plaintiffs, deleting therefrom the provision in regard to mesne profits. The plaintiffs will of course be entitled to their costs throughout from Defendants 1 to 5.”

    7. The High Court while deciding the second appeal, failed to notice that while issuing notice it was categorically noted that the plaintiff had not prayed for an inquiry relating to mesne profits in terms of Order 20 Rule 12 CPC and in the absence of any specific prayer for any inquiry into that aspect, the same could not have been granted.

    8. As rightly contended by learned counsel for the appellant that though at the time of issuance of notice the High Court had noted that this substantial question of law did arise for consideration, while deciding the second appeal, this aspect was lost sight of. In the circumstances it would be appropriate to remit the matter to the High Court to consider that aspect.

    9. The appeal is allowed to the aforesaid extent with no order as to costs.

    Use AI to get other relevant cases.

    Comments

    Ganapati Madhav Sawant (Dead) Through His Lrs. v. Dattur Madhav Sawant .
    (Jan 22, 2008)