N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. 12 § 23-4.4 : DEPARTMENT OF LABOR — Industrial Board Of Appeals — The Industrial Code — Protection In Construction, Demolition And Excavation Operations —4 - Excavation Operations —4.4 - Sheeting, shoring and bracing

(a) Where any excavation is not protected by sloped sides or banks in compliance with Table I of this Subpart, any person in such excavation shall be protected by sheeting, shoring and bracing in compliance with Tables II, III and IV of this Subpart. Sizes of materials listed in the tables are nominal or trade dimensions.

TABLE II

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE BETWEEN EDGES OF SHEETING

Excavation Depth Type of Soil 5 to 10 ft. Over 10 to 15 Over 15 to 20 ft. ft. Stiff cohesive soil Tight Tight Tight Noncohesive soil 2 feet Tight Tight Soft cohesive or wet flowing Tight Tight Tight soil

(b) Shores, struts and braces, whether horizontal or inclined, shall be of adequate size to provide stiffness and adequately braced to withstand the loads intended to be imposed thereon. The ends of all braces shall be individually anchored and fastened to fully resist all imposed forces and to prevent such braces from shifting or slipping. The placing of any inclined shores, struts or braces at any angle exceeding 30 degrees from the horizontal is prohibited.

(c) Each earth-supported shore, strut or brace shall bear against a footing of sufficient area and stability to prevent any subsidence, yield or shifting of such shore, strut or brace.

TABLE III

MINIMUM SIZES OF STRINGERS AND BRACES

Narrow Trenches--Horizontal Cross-Braces Not Longer Than Four Feet

[Note: The following TABLE/FORM is too wide to be displayed on one screen. You must print it for a meaningful review of its contents. The table has been divided into multiple pieces with each piece containing information to help you assemble a printout of the table. The information for each piece includes: (1) a three line message preceding the tabular data showing by line # and character # the position of the upper left-hand corner of the piece and the position of the piece within the entire table; and (2) a numeric scale following the tabular data displaying the character positions.] ******************************************************************************* ******** This is piece 1. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 1. ******** ******************************************************************************* Trench Type of Vertical Depth Soil Spacing of Stringers 4 Feet Stringers Braces 5 to 10 Stiff 4 ft. max. 4 x 4 4 x 4 ft. cohesive Noncohesive 4 ft. max. 6 x 6 or 4 x 4 4 x8 Soft 4 ft. max. 6 x 6 4 x 4 cohesive and wet flowing Over 10 Stiff 4 ft. max. 4 x 6 4 x 4 to 20 cohesive ft. and nonco- hesive Soft 4 ft. max. 6 x 8 6 x 6 cohesive and wet flowing 1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+. ******************************************************************************* ******* This is piece 2. -- It begins at character 57 of table line 1. ******** ******************************************************************************* Horizontal Spacing of Cross-Braces 6 Feet 8 Feet 12 Feet Stringers Braces Stringers Braces Stringers Braces 6 x 6 or 4 x 4 6 x 6 4 x 4 8 x 8 4 x 6 4 x8 6 x 6 4 x 4 6 x 8 4 x 4 8 x 10 6 x 6 6 x 10 4 x 6 8 x 10 6 x 6 10 x 12 6 x 8 6 x 6 4 x 4 8 x 8 or 4 x 6 10 x 10 6 x 6 6 x10 8 x 10 6 x 8 10 x 12 8 x 8 [FN*] [FN*] 57......+...70....+...80....+...90....+....0....+...10.. ******************************************************************************* ******* This is piece 3. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 23. ******** ******************************************************************************* Over 20 For any trench over 20 feet in depth ft. a professional engineer licensed to specifications for any such bracing by the commissioner. 1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+... ******************************************************************************* ******* This is piece 4. -- It begins at character 49 of table line 23. ******* ******************************************************************************* the sheeting, shoring and bracing systems shall be designed by practice in the State of New York. A copy of the plans and system shall be kept at the job site available for examination 49....+...60....+...70....+...80....+...90....+....0....+...10.. ******************************************************************************* ******* This is piece 5. -- It begins at character 1 of table line 27. ******** *******************************************************************************

FN* Sizes of timber for such conditions become excessive. A special structure engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York shall be constructed condition involved.

1...+...10....+...20....+...30....+...40....+...50....+...60....+...70....+..

******************************************************************************* ******* This is piece 6. -- It begins at character 78 of table line 27. ******* ******************************************************************************* designed by a professional and used for the specific 78.....+...90....+....0....+...10..

Note: Timber sizes are nominal or trade dimensions.

(d) Each end of each stringer shall be individually braced. Where stringers are terminated to form individual panel type sheeting, each such panel shall be braced at either end.

(e) In lieu of sheeting and shoring and where conditions permit, a self-supporting movable shield of timber or metal may be used and moved ahead as the excavation and construction progresses. The supporting capacity of such a shield shall be equal in all respects to the sheeting and shoring set forth in Tables II, III and IV of this Subpart. When any person is located in such excavation at any point not protected by such shield, sheeting and shoring as set forth in Tables II, III and IV of this Subpart shall be provided.

(f) In lieu of wood, screw jacks of adequate size and stability may be used as cross bracing in the sheeting and shoring of any excavation. Any type of cross bracing used shall be in a true horizontal position, shall be securely fastened and shall be prevented from shifting or slipping by adequately fastened scabs or blocks.

(g) When the depth of an excavation requires the use of two vertical lengths of sheeting, one above the other, the lower sheeting shall be set inside the bottom stringers of the upper sheeting and shall be driven down and braced as the excavation continues.

(h) Excavations which are generally parallel to existing underground pipe lines, utilities or structures of any kind shall be tightly sheeted and shored alongside such pipe lines, utilities or structures where they are exposed by such excavations.

(i) Timber sheeting shall consist of structurally sound hardwood at least two inches by six inches in size or of lumber of equivalent strength. The actual thickness of such timber sheeting shall be consistent with the size of the supporting timbers and the depth of the excavation.

N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. Tit. 12 § 23-4.4