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PEOPLE v. BLEAKLEY

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, Second Department.
Dec 31, 1986
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People of the State of New York v. Timothy Bleakley and Jeffrey J. Anesi — Opinion Summary

Factual and Procedural Background

The convictions at issue arose from an alleged sexual assault that occurred in the early morning hours of March 29, 1985, in Westchester County. The complainant and a friend had been at local bars (the "824" and another bar), where the complainant met a man named Russell, who introduced her to the defendants, Bleakley and Anesi. The group traveled in Bleakley's car to a secluded area, used cocaine, and later returned to the 824 parking lot. According to the complainant's testimony, Bleakley prevented her from exiting the car, pulled her hair, drove away, and in a wooded area and while at other locations, the defendants forcibly tore her clothing, forced oral sodomy and repeated rapes upon her; Bleakley allegedly threatened her life if she reported the incident. Medical and forensic testing at the hospital later revealed the presence of sperm on the complainant and on her clothing; hair found in Bleakley's car was similar to the complainant's head hair.

Arrests followed (Bleakley arrested April 1, 1985; Anesi surrendered days later). Both defendants testified at trial, giving accounts that contradicted the complainant's version and portrayed some sexual activity as consensual or limited to one defendant. The jury convicted both defendants of two counts of first-degree rape (based on rapes inside the car), first-degree sodomy, and first-degree sexual abuse, and acquitted them of two counts of first-degree rape alleged to have occurred outside the car.

The defendants appealed to the Appellate Division, Second Department. The Appellate Division ordered that the judgments of conviction be affirmed, and remitted the matter to the County Court, Westchester County, for further proceedings pursuant to CPL 460.50(5) with respect to defendant Anesi. Justice Brown dissented and voted to reverse the convictions and dismiss the indictment.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the evidence adduced at trial was legally sufficient to prove the defendants' guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. Whether alleged inconsistencies in the complainant's testimony, the absence of medical evidence of physical injury, and delayed reporting undermined the legal sufficiency of the prosecution's case.
  3. Whether the jury's acquittal on charges relating to assaults outside the car — combined with convictions for assaults inside the car — rendered the verdicts inconsistent such that reversal was required.

Arguments of the Parties

Appellants' (Defendants') Arguments

  • The defendants contended that the prosecution failed to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, pointing to discrepancies in the complainant's testimony about the incidents.
  • They emphasized the absence of medical evidence of bruises, lacerations or cuts and argued that such lack of physical corroboration undermined the claim of forcible compulsion.
  • The defendants relied on the complainant's delay in reporting the assaults and argued that the delayed reporting, together with testimonial inconsistencies and other evidence, warranted reversal.
  • The defendants further argued that the jury's acquittal on the counts concerning assaults outside the car demonstrated that the jury disbelieved the complainant in material respects and that the convictions for assaults inside the car were therefore unsupported.

Respondent's (People's) Position — as Characterized by the Court

  • The prosecution relied on the complainant's testimony corroborated in part by Russell's account that Bleakley sped away and left Russell falling in the parking lot while the complainant remained in the car with the defendants.
  • Medical and forensic evidence showed sexual intercourse: presence of sperm in the complainant's vagina and sperm on her blouse, slacks and pantyhose; hair in Bleakley's car was similar to the complainant's head hair.
  • The People's theory included the complainant's hysterical state observed by her boyfriend shortly after the incident and Bleakley's threat to her life if she went to the police, explaining her delayed report; the complainant did report the assaults to hospital personnel and later to police at the hospital.
  • The prosecution presented the defendants' custodial statements and other testimony (such as Anesi's post‑incident approach to the complainant offering to testify against Bleakley if she did not implicate him) as part of the overall evidentiary picture supporting conviction.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 Standard for reviewing legal sufficiency: appellate court must view evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution to determine whether any rational trier of fact could find guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The court applied this standard to conclude that, when viewed favorably to the prosecution, the evidence was sufficient to support the convictions.
People v. Lewis, 64 N.Y.2d 1111 Cited alongside Jackson as part of the standard for appellate review of legal sufficiency in New York. Included in the court's statement of the governing appellate standard for evaluating sufficiency of the evidence.
People v. Malizia, 62 N.Y.2d 755 Cited in the same context as other sufficiency authorities (with cert. denied noted). Referenced in the court's articulation of the applicable standard for reviewing sufficiency of evidence on appeal.
People v. Bauer, 113 A.D.2d 543 Principle that an appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of the jury on matters of credibility or weight of evidence. The court relied on this principle to decline to overturn the jury's credibility determinations and to uphold the verdicts despite noted inconsistencies.
People v. Di Girolamo, 108 A.D.2d 755 Authority for deferring credibility determinations to the jury. Used to support the view that credibility issues presented at trial were properly resolved by the jury and should not be disturbed on appeal.
People v. Rodriguez, 72 A.D.2d 571 Another authority cited for the deference owed to jury credibility determinations. Cited in affirming that the jury's assessments of witness credibility are not to be lightly overturned.
People v. Tucker, 55 N.Y.2d 1 That acquittal on some counts does not necessarily render verdicts legally inconsistent; juries may exercise mercy. The court relied on Tucker to reject the defendants' contention that acquittals on counts outside the car required reversal and to explain that juries may rationally convict on some counts and acquit on others.
Dunn v. United States, 284 U.S. 390 Illustration that juries may exercise mercy, cited in Tucker's discussion of inconsistent verdicts. Quoted in explaining that a jury's apparent lenity is an accepted power and is not a basis for appellate intervention when verdicts appear inconsistent.
People v. Berkowitz, 50 N.Y.2d 333 Cited in connection with jury lenity and the problems of second-guessing juries. Used to support the proposition that appellate courts should not intrude into the jury's deliberative process or negate the jury's exercise of mercy.
People v. Reed, 40 N.Y.2d 204 Cited by the dissent for the proposition that appellate judges must review the entire record to determine whether evidence is sufficient in quality and quantity (weight-of-the-evidence review). Referenced in the dissent's rationale for weighing evidence and concluding the verdicts were against the weight of the evidence.
People v. Santos, 38 N.Y.2d 173 Cited by the dissent on appellate review obligations and reversal where evidence is deficient. Used by the dissent to support the position that this court may set aside findings where the record is deficient in quality and quantity of evidence.
People v. Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620 Cited to note that the Court of Appeals may only review legal sufficiency under CPL 470.35. Quoted in the dissent to contrast the Court of Appeals' more limited scope with this court's authority to weigh the evidence under CPL 470.15.
People v. Carter, 63 N.Y.2d 678 Cited re this court's power to weigh the evidence and reverse where the verdict is against the weight of the evidence (CPL 470.15, subd 5). Referenced by the dissent in support of the view that the Appellate Division can reverse on weight-of-the-evidence grounds.
People v. Bigelow, 106 A.D.2d 448 Referenced by the dissent for the principle that appellate judges should hesitate to overturn jury verdicts based on credibility but still must review the record. Used in the dissent's reasoning to justify a careful record review and eventual conclusion that the evidence was insufficient.
People v. Atlas, 183 App. Div. 595 (aff'd 230 N.Y. 629) Cited by the dissent as part of the general rule of caution in overturning jury verdicts based on credibility. Invoked by the dissent to frame the traditional reluctance to overturn jury findings, while explaining why that caution does not preclude reversal when the record is deficient.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The majority began its analysis by stating and applying the governing standard for appellate review of legal sufficiency: the court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found guilt beyond a reasonable doubt (Jackson v. Virginia and New York authorities). It further reiterated the principle that appellate courts should not substitute their judgment for that of jurors on matters of witness credibility or weight of evidence (People v. Bauer).

Applying those standards to the record, the majority identified multiple items of evidence that, taken together and viewed for the prosecution, supported the convictions:

  • The complainant's detailed testimony describing forcible acts, threats and the sequence of events.
  • Russell's testimony corroborating that Bleakley sped out of the parking lot and left Russell falling to the ground while the complainant remained in the car with the defendants.
  • Medical and forensic findings: presence of sperm in the complainant's vagina and on her clothing, and hair in Bleakley's car comparable to the complainant's head hair, establishing that sexual intercourse had occurred and linking the complainant to Bleakley's vehicle.
  • The boyfriend's observation that the complainant was in a hysterical condition shortly after the incident.
  • The complainant's stated reason for delay in reporting: fear resulting from Bleakley's alleged threat to kill her if she reported the assaults to the police, and her having related the circumstances to hospital personnel prior to police involvement.
  • Custodial statements and other evidence (e.g., Anesi's post‑incident statements and his approach to the complainant offering to exculpate himself) as parts of the overall picture presented to the jury.

The majority acknowledged that inconsistencies existed in the evidence but emphasized that such inconsistencies were brought out at trial and were matters for the jury to consider in determining credibility. The court found no basis to overturn the jury's credibility determinations or the verdicts, citing precedent that reserves credibility determinations to the jury. Regarding the defendants' contention based on acquittals for assaults outside the car, the majority applied People v. Tucker and related authorities to explain that a jury's acquittal on some counts does not automatically render its verdicts inconsistent as a matter of law; the jury may have harbored doubt on those counts while finding guilt on others, or exercised mercy. The majority therefore declined to speculate on the jury's deliberative process or to disturb the verdicts for that reason.

Finally, the majority stated that the defendants' remaining contentions were either unpreserved or without merit, and affirmed the judgments of conviction. The court also ordered the matter remitted to the County Court, Westchester County, for further proceedings pursuant to CPL 460.50(5) as to defendant Anesi (the opinion does not elaborate on the content of those further proceedings).

Holding and Implications

Holding: The Appellate Division affirmed the judgments of conviction. The court also ordered that the matter be remitted to the County Court, Westchester County, for further proceedings pursuant to CPL 460.50(5) with respect to defendant Jeffrey J. Anesi.

Implications and direct effects:

  • The convictions for the counts on which the defendants were found guilty (two counts of first-degree rape based on the acts inside the car, first-degree sodomy, and first-degree sexual abuse) were upheld.
  • The court declined to substitute its judgment for the jury's on credibility issues and found the evidence, when viewed most favorably to the prosecution, legally sufficient to support the convictions.
  • The court rejected the argument that the jury's acquittals on counts relating to incidents outside the car rendered the convictions inconsistent as a matter of law, invoking the possibility of jury lenity or differing evaluations of different episodes.
  • No new broad legal precedent was announced; the court applied established standards for sufficiency review and deference to the jury. The opinion includes a noted dissent (Justice Brown) who would have reversed the convictions and dismissed the indictment on the ground that the evidence was factually insufficient and that the inconsistencies and lack of corroborative medical evidence fatally undermined the prosecution's case.

Note: This summary is limited to the information expressly contained in the provided opinion and does not add or infer facts or legal conclusions beyond that text.

Show all summary ...

Ordered that the judgments are affirmed, and the matter is remitted to the County Court, Westchester County, for further proceedings pursuant to CPL 460.50 (5) with respect to the defendant Anesi.

The underlying judgments of conviction arise out of a sexual assault which occurred during the early morning hours of March 29, 1985, in Westchester County. The complainant testified that during the late evening hours of the previous day, March 28, 1985, she was with her girlfriend at a local bar known as the "824". After consuming a drink the complainant and her girlfriend left the 824 and went to another local bar. The two women had a few drinks at the bar and then returned to the 824 at approximately 3:00 A.M. Upon her return to the 824, the complainant met a male friend named Russell who asked if she was interested in "do[ing] some coke". The complainant said that she was and about an hour later Russell told her, "Come on, we got some coke * * * Let's take a ride". The complainant accompanied him to the parking lot where she was introduced to the defendants, both of whom had also come out of the bar. Russell told the complainant that the defendants were "the ones that have the coke". The complainant did not know either of the defendants prior to that time. The group then got into the defendant Bleakley's car and drove to an area in the vicinity of the Hudson River.

After the group parked on Sixth Street near the river, Bleakley took cocaine out of his pocket. At that time, Russell gave Bleakley $20. The four occupants of the car snorted the cocaine. Thereafter, they drove back to the 824.

Both the complainant and Russell testified at the trial that when they returned to the 824, Russell began to exit the car first. When the complainant started to get out of the car Bleakley grabbed her hair and pulled her back into the car. Bleakley then sped out of the parking lot causing Russell, who was still partially in the car, to fall to the ground. As they drove away, Anesi climbed into the front seat of the car, thereby positioning the complainant between himself and Bleakley.

When the car stopped in a wooded area, Bleakley threatened the complainant as the two men tore her clothes off. The complainant tried to get out of the car but Bleakley grabbed her and forced her to perform sodomy upon him. Meanwhile Bleakley continued to pull on the complainant's hair. Thereafter Anesi climbed into the back seat of the car as Bleakley pushed the complainant down on the front seat and raped her. During the rape the complainant's head struck the passenger door several times.

A few minutes later, Bleakley got out of the car as Anesi climbed into the front seat and raped the complainant. Thereafter Bleakley, who was outside the car, pulled the complainant out of the car onto the ground. The two defendants then raped her again. Then the men threw the complainant's clothes at her and told her to get dressed. The complainant begged the defendants to take her back to her car which was parked at the 824. At trial, the complainant testified that she got in the car and, while en route to the bar, Bleakley dropped Anesi off at his house. When they arrived at the parking lot, Bleakley told the complainant, "If you go to the cops you're dead", and then kicked her out of the car.

After the defendants left, the complainant got into her car and drove to her boyfriend's house but he was not at home. She then called her boyfriend at work and asked for help. Her boyfriend met the complainant outside the 824 bar and she proceeded to tell him about the attack. He observed that the complainant was hysterical and was crying. According to the boyfriend, he told the complainant that she should go to the police; however, he did not offer her any assistance and returned to work. In contrast, the complainant testified that he told her to go home, take a shower and go to work.

After her boyfriend left, the complainant went home, took a shower and went to work. At work, the complainant felt sick and was unable to concentrate. Upon returning home, she took Valium and slept until the following morning. When she awoke, the complainant called her girlfriend and told her that she was bleeding from the vagina. Her girlfriend and her boyfriend picked the complainant up and brought her to the hospital. While at the hospital, the police interviewed the complainant and she told them about the rapes and sodomy. She explained that she had not gone to the police earlier because she was scared.

At trial, the medical testimony of the nurse and the physician who had treated the complainant at the hospital indicated that the complainant had not suffered from any bruises, lacerations or cuts. The physician stated that the pelvic examination of the complainant produced normal results although the examination did reveal the presence of sperm in her vagina. A forensic examination of the clothes worn by the complainant on the day of the attack also established the existence of sperm on her blouse, slacks and pantyhose. Samples of hair recovered from the front seat of Bleakley's car were tested and were found to be similar to the complainant's head hair.

Bleakley was eventually arrested on April 1, 1985, at which time his car was seized. After being advised of his Miranda rights, Bleakley told the arresting officer that he had spent the evening in question with two friends and was home at approximately 3:00 A.M. Bleakley also stated that he had not been at the 824 bar for a couple of weeks.

While Bleakley was being transported to the county jail later that day, the officer stopped at a nearby delicatessen to purchase a sandwich for Bleakley. When the officer pulled into the parking lot, Bleakley's father and his attorney were standing outside the store talking to Anesi. Anesi ran away when the officer exited his car. He eventually surrendered to police several days later. After being advised of his Miranda rights, Anesi asked the arresting officer how he could be arrested "based on one person's say-so". When he was told that corroboration existed, Anesi inquired: "How could anybody corroborate it when there was no one else there". At trial, Anesi conceded the voluntariness of these statements.

Sometime after the felony hearing was held on the charges against the defendants, the complainant was in the 824 bar when she was approached by Anesi who asked to speak with her. The two then sat down at a table, and the complainant asked: "Why didn't you get help. Why didn't you help me". In response, Anesi offered to testify against Bleakley and say that Bleakley raped the complainant provided that she did not implicate him. Anesi explained that his relationship with his girlfriend and his family life was ruined. The complainant refused to accept Anesi's offer.

Both the defendants testified at trial. Anesi stated that while he and Bleakley were at the 824 bar during the early morning hours of March 29, 1985, they were approached by Russell who knew a girl who "wants to go out and she'll do anything you want with her". Anesi and Bleakley then went out in the parking lot with Russell and met the complainant. The four then drove to a secluded area and snorted cocaine. When they returned to the parking lot of the bar, both defendants testified that Russell got out of the car and said good night. The complainant then invited Anesi to the front seat of the car as Bleakley drove to a wooded area.

Once they parked the car, the complainant allegedly told the defendants that she would only have sex with one of them. Anesi then got into the back seat of the car while the complainant and Bleakley engaged in intercourse. After the complainant and Bleakley got dressed, Anesi got back into the front seat and they drove back to the bar. While en route, the complainant allegedly asked Bleakley for $1,000. According to Bleakley, he told the complainant that he would meet her at the 824 the following evening and give her money.

Anesi acknowledged that when he observed the complainant at the 824 several weeks after the incident he approached her and asked to speak with her. Anesi told the complainant that she was causing a lot of trouble by claiming that she had been raped. According to Anesi, the complainant responded: "I don't know why I'm doing this".

The jury found both the defendants guilty of two counts of rape in the first degree based upon the attacks which occurred on the front seat of the car, as well as sodomy in the first degree and sexual abuse in the first degree. The defendants were acquitted of the two remaining counts of rape in the first degree concerning the attacks which allegedly occurred outside the car.

On appeal, the defendants maintain that their guilt of the charged crimes was not proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Primarily the defendants focus on certain discrepancies in the complainant's testimony regarding the alleged attacks, the absence of medical evidence indicating the use of force or coercion on the complainant, as well as the complainant's failure to contact the police immediately after the attacks. Although certain inconsistencies concededly exist in the evidence adduced at trial, we conclude that the evidence as a whole is sufficient to support the judgments of conviction.

It is axiomatic that in reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence in a criminal case, an appellate court is required to view the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found that the defendant's guilt was proven beyond a reasonable doubt (see, Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319; People v. Lewis, 64 N.Y.2d 1111, 1112; People v. Malizia, 62 N.Y.2d 755, cert denied 469 U.S. 932). Furthermore, as this court stated in People v Bauer ( 113 A.D.2d 543, 549, lv denied 67 N.Y.2d 648), "the function of an appellate court is not to substitute its judgment for that of the jurors on matters of credibility or the weight to be accorded to the evidence presented at trial". In the case at bar, the evidence adduced at trial when viewed most favorably to the prosecution, established that the complainant was sexually assaulted and raped by the defendants. Besides the complainant's testimony concerning the attack, Russell confirmed the fact that as he was getting out of the car at the 824 parking lot, Bleakley sped out of the lot, causing him to fall to the ground while the complainant remained in the car with the defendants. The medical and forensic evidence also established that sexual intercourse had occurred. The complainant's boyfriend testified that when he met the complainant outside the 824 shortly after the attack, she was in a hysterical condition and was crying and shaking. Admittedly, the complainant did not report the incident to the police immediately after the attack; however, it was established that Bleakley had threatened her life if she spoke to the police, thereby causing her to fear retribution if she contacted the authorities. The complainant did relate the circumstances of the attack to the hospital personnel and when the police responded to the hospital, she told them about the rapes and sodomy.

The inconsistencies in the evidence which are highlighted by the defendants, as well as by our dissenting colleague, were brought out at trial and were presented to the jury for its consideration in judging the credibility of the respective witnesses. We find no basis in the record to disturb the jury's verdicts since issues of credibility are reserved for the jury and its determination should not be lightly overturned on appeal (see, People v. Bauer, supra, p 549; People v. Di Girolamo, 108 A.D.2d 755; People v. Rodriguez, 72 A.D.2d 571). Moreover, by voting to reverse the judgments of conviction based on apparent inconsistencies in the complainant's testimony, our dissenting colleague chooses to ignore the well-established legal standards with respect to the scope of appellate review in criminal cases (see, People v. Bauer, supra, p 549).

The defendants also place great emphasis on the fact that the jury, while convicting them for the rapes inside the car, acquitted them of the rapes alleged to have occurred outside the car. The defendants submit that the factual inconsistencies in the verdicts demonstrate that the jury either found that no sexual intercourse took place or that the element of forcible compulsion was absent. In either case, the defendants contend that the jury obviously did not find the complainant completely credible, thereby warranting reversal of the judgments of conviction. We disagree.

In the first instance, as noted by the dissent, the acquittal of the defendants on the two rape charges concerning the alleged attacks outside the car does not render the verdicts inconsistent as a matter of law (see, People v. Tucker, 55 N.Y.2d 1, 7). The jury might have believed that the defendants' guilt had been proven beyond a reasonable doubt as to the rapes and sodomy in the car but harboured some doubt as to what occurred outside the car. Moreover, the defendants urge this court to intrude into the jury's deliberative process by speculating as to how the jury weighed the evidence. Such speculation is an improper function of an appellate court. As the Court of Appeals noted in People v Tucker (supra, p 7): "[t]he problems of second-guessing [the jury] are compounded by the possibility that the jury has not necessarily acted irrationally, but instead has exercised mercy (Dunn v. United States, 284 U.S. 390, 393-394; People v Berkowitz, 50 N.Y.2d 333, 346). When the jury has decided to show lenity to the defendant, an accepted power of the jury (see, Dunn v. United States, 284 U.S. 390, supra; Bickel, Judge and Jury — Inconsistent Verdicts in the Federal Courts, 63 Harv L Rev 649, 651-652), the court should not then undermine the jury's role * * * by setting aside the verdict". In this case, it is obvious that the jury sought to exercise mercy towards the defendants by acquitting them of the remaining two rape counts. Thus, its determination should not be disturbed.

We have reviewed the defendants' remaining contentions and find them to be either unpreserved or without merit. Mollen, P.J., Thompson and Rubin, JJ., concur.

Brown, J., dissents and votes to reverse the judgments of conviction and dismiss the indictment, with the following memorandum: In my judgment, the quantity and the quality of the evidence in this case is not sufficient to support the verdict of the defendants' guilt beyond a reasonable doubt (CPL 470.15).

I base my conclusion upon a number of considerations. The record is replete with discrepancies between the complainant's initial account of the incident as first reported to hospital personnel some 36 hours after the alleged incident, and the version to which she testified at trial. There also are numerous inconsistencies between the complainant's trial testimony and the testimony of other witnesses, including that of some witnesses called by the prosecution. Moreover, there is a total lack of corroborative medical evidence to support the complainant's allegations of physical abuse which she claimed to have suffered during the incident. It also appears that not only did the complainant fail to promptly report the alleged incident to the police, but it was the hospital personnel and not the complainant who first reported complainant's story to the police. Additionally troublesome factors are the complainant's own testimony that approximately two weeks after the incident she had a conversation with one of her alleged assailants, the defendant Anesi, in which she asked him why he did not help her, and the fact that the jury apparently entirely discredited the complainant's testimony regarding the alleged assaults outside of the car which she concededly had entered voluntarily with the defendants, while finding the defendants guilty of acts which she claimed occurred inside the vehicle moments earlier. While the acquittal of the defendants on these charges did not render the verdict inconsistent as a matter of law (see, People v. Tucker, 55 N.Y.2d 1), it nonetheless gives added significance to the serious flaws in the prosecution's case.

As I stated in my dissent in People v. Bigelow ( 106 A.D.2d 448, 451): "The general rule, of course, is that as appellate Judges we should hesitate to overturn a jury verdict based strictly upon our own evaluation of the witnesses' credibility (People v Atlas, 183 App. Div. 595, affd 230 N.Y. 629). Nonetheless, we are obliged to review the entire record in a criminal case to determine whether the evidence is sufficient in quality and quantity to justify the jury's finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt (People v. Reed, 40 N.Y.2d 204; People v Santos, 38 N.Y.2d 173). And it is, of course, fundamental that if, upon such review, we find the record to be deficient, we are obliged to set aside the finding of guilt (People v. Santos, supra). Unlike the Court of Appeals, however, which may only review the evidence in a case to determine whether it is legally sufficient as a matter of law (CPL 470.35; People v. Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620), this court is empowered not only to reverse a judgment of conviction based upon a determination that there is a lack of legally sufficient evidence (CPL 470.15, subd 4, par [b]), but it may also weigh the evidence and, if appropriate, reverse a judgment based upon a factual determination that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence (CPL 470.15, subd 5; see, People v. Carter, 63 N.Y.2d 678)".

This, in my opinion, is such a case. The complainant's trial testimony does not ring true and the cumulative effect of the inconsistencies, discrepancies and deficiencies in the prosecution's case leads me to conclude that the evidence in this record is factually insufficient to support the jury's verdicts. Accordingly, I vote to reverse the judgments of conviction and to dismiss the indictment.