Since the affidavit given in support of long-arm service on the defendant in this case was insufficient, and the only service of process purportedly made upon the defendant was invalid, the default judgment was void and the trial court correctly vacated the default judgment.

Practice and Procedure — Service of Process — Long Arm Service — Default Judgment

Plaintiff and her husband owned a building which they leased to the three individuals who where the principals in the defendant corporation. The corporation operated a restaurant business in the building. Plaintiff filed a motion for judgment against the corporation, alleging that she had fallen and sustained injuries while a patron in the restaurant. A deputy sheriff filed a "not found" return after attempting to serve the registered agent at the restaurant premises, which were closed for remodeling. Plaintiff's attorney signed and filed an affidavit stating that the last known address of the registered agent was the restaurant and that after due diligence the petitioner was unable to obtain service upon the defendant. Service of process was then made upon the Secretary of the Commonwealth pursuant to the long-arm statute. Counsel for the plaintiff secured entry of an order awarding judgment by default. A jury heard evidence ex parte and fixed plaintiff's damages at $283,000. The court entered judgment on the verdict. Defendant appeared and moved the court to vacate the default judgment, alleging that service of process was invalid and that the default had been procured by fraud. The court ruled that the affidavit for long-arm service had been defective and entered an order vacating the default judgment and continuing the case for jury trial on the merits. The case was tried to a jury, which gave a verdict for the defendant. The sole issue on appeal is whether the court was warranted in setting aside the default judgment on the ground of invalid service of process.

1. If the plaintiff was entitled to invoke long-arm jurisdiction over a domestic corporation, she failed to do so. Code Sec. 8.01-329(A1) provides that a party seeking to acquire long-arm jurisdiction through service upon the Secretary of the Commonwealth shall file an affidavit with the court stating either (i) that the person to be served is a nonresident or (ii) that, after exercising due diligence, the party seeking service has been unable to locate the person to be served. The affidavit filed by plaintiff's counsel stated that petitioner had been unable to obtain service against the defendant.

2. Where a defendant has received personal service of process, irregularity will not defeat the court's jurisdiction, but if a statute provides for constructive service, the terms of the statute authorizing it must be strictly followed or the service will be invalid and any default judgment based upon it will be void.

3. Here service could readily have been obtained under Code Sec. 8.01-299 since there was substantial basis for the conclusion that the plaintiff could probably not have given an affidavit that she was unable to locate the person to be served, as required by the long-arm statute.

4. Assuming the applicability of the long-arm statute, the affidavit given in support of long-arm service was insufficient The only service of process purportedly made upon the defendant was invalid and the default judgment was void. The trial court correctly vacated the default judgment.

RUSSELL, J., delivered the opinion of the Court.

This appeal turns upon Code Sec. 8.01-329(A1), which prescribes the affidavit requisite for long-arm service of process.

In 1982, Rosie Khatchi and her husband owned a building at 4111 Duke Street, in Alexandria. They leased the property to three individuals who were principals in Landmark Restaurant Associates, Inc., a Virginia corporation. The corporation operated a restaurant business in the building.

In November 1983, Mrs. Khatchi (the plaintiff) filed a motion for judgment against the corporation (the defendant), alleging that on March 10, 1982, as a patron of the restaurant, she had tripped on a projecting metal strip, fallen, and sustained injuries. The caption of the motion for judgment contained the words

"SERVE: William L. Roberts

Registered Agent

4111 Duke Street

Alexandria, Virginia 22304."

A deputy sheriff filed a "not found" return on November 9, 1983, to which was appended a note to the effect that the premises were closed for remodeling. On December 1, 1983, D. Brian Costello, the plaintiff's attorney, filed an affidavit to the effect that the "last known address of the registered agent" was at 4111 Duke Street, Alexandria, and that "after due diligence the petitioner in this cause has been unable to obtain service against the above named defendant." The affidavit was subscribed and sworn to by Mr. Costello, not by the plaintiff.

Counsel thereafter arranged for service of process upon the Secretary of the Commonwealth pursuant to the long-arm statute. Such service was made by the Sheriff of the City of Richmond on December 12, 1983, pursuant to Code Sec. 8.01-329(B). On January 11, 1984, counsel for the plaintiff secured entry of an order awarding judgment by default and continuing the case for ex parte determination of damages by a jury. On February 6, 1984, a jury heard evidence ex parte and fixed the plaintiff's damages at $283,000.00. The court entered an order of judgment on the verdict.

On March 21, 1984, the defendant appeared by counsel and moved the court to vacate the default judgment, alleging that service of process was invalid and that the default had been procured by fraud. The court heard evidence on the motion and, by letter opinion, ruled that the affidavit for long-arm service had been defective. Consequently, the court did not reach the defendant's allegations of fraud.

The court entered an order vacating the default judgment and continuing the case for jury trial on the merits. The case was tried to a jury in September 1985, resulting in a verdict for the defendant. We awarded the plaintiff an appeal from a final order of judgment on this second verdict. The sole issue on appeal is whether the court was warranted in setting aside the default judgment on the ground of invalid service of process. The plaintiff assigned no error with regard to the second trial.

On appeal, as in the trial court, the defendant contends that the long-arm statute was designed to subject nonresidents, individuals who cannot be located, and foreign corporations to personal jurisdiction in a proper case, but that it was never intended to supplant Code Sec. 8.01-299 as the method for obtaining service upon a domestic corporation. The trial court found it unnecessary to decide this question because the court determined that the plaintiff had not followed the steps prerequisite to obtaining long-arm jurisdiction even if the long-arm statute were applicable.

We agree with the trial court's analysis. If we assume, without deciding, that the plaintiff was entitled to invoke long-arm jurisdiction over a domestic corporation, she nevertheless failed to do so. Code Sec. 8.01-329(A1) provides that a party seeking to acquire long-arm jurisdiction through service upon the Secretary of the Commonwealth "shall file an affidavit with the court, stating either (i) that the person to be served is a nonresident or (ii) that, after exercising due diligence, the party seeking service has been unable to locate the person to be served" (emphasis added). The affidavit filed by plaintiff's counsel stated neither of these alternatives, but instead stated that "petitioner in this cause has been unable to obtain service against the above named defendant" (emphasis added).

Where a defendant has received personal service of process, irregularity will not defeat the court's jurisdiction, but if a statute provides for constructive service, the terms of the statute authorizing it must be strictly followed or the service will be invalid and any default judgment based upon it will be void. Crockett v. Etter, 105 Va. 679, 681, 54 S.E. 864, 865 (1906); Staunton Perpetual B. L. Co. v. Haden, 92 Va. 201, 204, 23 S.E. 285, 286 (1895). Under the facts of this case, the difference between the affidavit filed and the statutory requirement was significant.

At the time the suit was filed and service upon the registered agent was attempted, the restaurant in the building the plaintiff owned was closed for remodeling. The address of the restaurant was the registered office of the defendant corporation. The plaintiff's husband admitted that he knew the residence address of the registered agent, who was a principal in the defendant corporation, and that he also knew where other officers and directors lived. Therefore, service could readily have been obtained under Code Sec. 8.01-299. There is no evidence that plaintiff's counsel had this information, but there existed a substantial basis for the conclusion that the plaintiff herself could probably not have given an affidavit that she was "unable to locate" the person to be served, as required by the long-arm statute. The affidavit given by her counsel fell significantly short of the mark.

Assuming the applicability of the long-arm statute, we think the affidavit given in support of long-arm service was insufficient. The only service of process purportedly made upon the defendant was invalid and the default judgment was void. The trial court, therefore, correctly vacated the default judgment and set the case down for a new trial. Accordingly, the judgment will be

Affirmed.