AMERICAN REF-FUEL CO. v. RESOURCE RECYCLING

ORDERED that the order is affirmed, with one bill of costs payable to the respondents appearing separately and filing separate briefs.

An insured's failure to comply with its obligations under an insurance policy is generally a defense to an action on the policy (see, Rajchandra Corp. v. Title Guar. Co., 163 A.D.2d 765, 768-769). However, "an insurer cannot insist upon cooperation or adherence to the terms of its policy after it has repudiated liability on the claim * * * by sending a letter denying liability" (Rajchandra Corp. v. Title Guar. Co., supra, at 769). Thus, "[o]nce an insurer repudiates liability * * * the [in]sured is excused from any of its obligations under the policy" (Ocean-Clear, Inc. v. Continental Cas. Co., 94 A.D.2d 717, 718).

Here, the appellants sent a letter notifying their insured, the defendant third-party plaintiff Universal Welding Engineering (hereinafter Universal), that they would not defend it with respect to any causes of action which might be asserted against it arising out of injuries sustained by one of its employees. Since this letter served as a repudiation of the appellants' liability, Universal was excused from further compliance with its obligations under the policy. Consequently, the appellants cannot rely on Universal's subsequent noncompliance as a defense to the third-party action in this case in which Universal seeks a declaration that the appellants are obligated to defend and indemnify it in the personal injury action commenced by the injured employee in which Universal was impleaded. Accordingly, the Supreme Court properly denied the appellants' motion and granted the cross motion for summary judgment declaring that the appellants are obligated to defend and indemnify Universal in the underlying personal injury action.