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Vijay Pandey v. State Of U.P. .

Allahabad High Court
Oct 10, 2018
Smart Summary (Beta)

Structured Summary of the Opinion

Factual and Procedural Background

The judgment was delivered by Arvind Kumar Mishra-I, J., after hearing Sri Jitendra Pal Singh for the appellant and Sri Sanjay Kumar Rajbhar, A.G.A., for the State. The appeal challenges the judgment and order dated 06.10.2007 of the Additional Sessions Judge, Court No. 4, Pilibhit in Special Trial No. 19 of 2007 (State v. Vijay Pandey), arising from Case Crime No. 1666 of 2006, Police Station Puranpur, District Pilibhit. The trial court convicted the appellant, Vijay Pandey, under provisions of the N.D.P.S. Act and sentenced him to 15 years rigorous imprisonment with a fine of Rs. 1,50,000/-, with a default clause of an additional three years' rigorous imprisonment.

The prosecution case (as per the record) is that on 22.12.2006 the informant S.I. J.P. Singh Parihar (PW-1), accompanied by Constable Prahalad Singh (PW-3), received a tip-off around 6:10 a.m. that the appellant was about to move and was possessing 10 kg of “doda”. The police proceeded to the appellant’s house, the informer pointed out the house and left, and on approach they observed a man holding a white plastic sack who fled but was caught after a short chase at about 6:40 a.m. The man identified himself as Vijay Pandey. He was offered the option of being searched in the presence of a Magistrate or Gazetted Officer, which he declined; the police searched him and the sack, recovered seven packets totalling 10 kg of doda, prepared an arrest and recovery memo (Exhibit Ka-1), and lodged a Check FIR (Exhibit Ka-6). The sample was sent to the Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL), Agra, and chemical examination confirmed the substance as doda powder. A charge-sheet (Exhibit Ka-5) was filed and the accused was tried, recorded his 313 Cr.P.C. statement denying recovery and alleging false implication, led no defence evidence, and was convicted by the trial court.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the prosecution established the charge against the accused beyond reasonable doubt.
  2. Whether there was a violation of Section 50 of the N.D.P.S. Act (the statutory provisions relating to informing a person of the right to be searched before a Magistrate or Gazetted Officer and related safeguards), such that the recovery would be vitiated.
  3. Whether sampling and safe conveyance of the recovered substance to the Forensic Science Laboratory were conducted in compliance with the mandatory provisions of the N.D.P.S. Act.
  4. Whether the enhanced sentence imposed (15 years R.I.) was justified in view of the appellant's prior convictions and the sentencing provisions of the N.D.P.S. Act (including the application of Section 31).

Arguments of the Parties

Appellant's Arguments

  • There was no independent/public witness to the recovery; no one from the public agreed to be a witness to arrest and recovery.
  • The recovery is vitiated by non-compliance with mandatory provisions of Section 50 of the N.D.P.S. Act.
  • The recovered substance was not produced in court and the court improperly assumed it had been destroyed or lost.
  • The recovered quantity was less than the commercial quantity and the appellant was nevertheless sentenced to 15 years R.I., which the appellant contended was excessive and erroneous.
  • The appellant claimed false implication, alleging police personnel who purchased goods on credit from his grocery shop later implicated him because he sought payment.

State's Arguments (A.G.A.)

  • The appellant was a previous convict with two prior convictions under the N.D.P.S. Act, and the guidelines applicable to pre-convicts under the Penal Code were not applicable to NDPS offences.
  • Mandatory provisions of the N.D.P.S. Act were complied with; the recovery, sampling and sealing procedures were carried out and the sample was sent to FSL Agra which confirmed the substance as doda powder weighing 10 kg.
  • The trial court sentenced in accordance with the N.D.P.S. Act and, by virtue of Section 31, the sentencing decision (which resulted in 15 years for the present conviction given earlier convictions) was legally correct.
  • The prosecution had proved the charge beyond reasonable doubt through consistent testimony of witnesses and corroboration by the FSL report.

Table of Precedents Cited

No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court framed the central question as whether the prosecution proved the charge beyond reasonable doubt. The court proceeded to scrutinize the record, witness testimony and documentary evidence (including arrest and recovery memo Exhibit Ka-1, Check FIR Exhibit Ka-6, site plan Exhibit Ka-4, charge-sheet Exhibit Ka-5, and the chemical examination report).

Key points in the court's step-by-step analysis:

  1. Tip-off, prompt action and arrest: The court accepted PW-1's account that a tip-off was received at about 6:10 a.m. and that immediate action was necessary to prevent the accused moving away with contraband. The court found credible the sequence that the informer pointed out the house, the police proceeded, observed a man holding a white sack, gave chase and apprehended him about 20 paces away at about 6:40 a.m.
  2. Search and consent: The court noted that the accused was offered the option to be searched in the presence of a Magistrate or Gazetted Officer, which he declined. The search was then conducted by the police. The court observed that the relevant object of the search was the sack held by the accused, and that limiting the inquiry to the sack did not render the search invalid.
  3. Section 50 contention and inter-se search: The court considered the contention that Section 50 was violated. It relied on the witnesses' testimony (PW-1 and PW-3) that an inter-se search between police personnel was carried out prior to the formal search, even though that detail was not expressly recorded in the recovery memo. The court held that lack of mention of inter-se search in the memo was not fatal where witnesses testified that such a search had been performed.
  4. Recovery details: The court accepted the recovery of seven packets from the sack, their weighing (aggregating 10 kg) and that the contents were suspected to be doda on opening. The arrest and recovery memo (Exhibit Ka-1) was signed and a copy given to the accused.
  5. Sampling and sealing: The court recorded that sampling was done by the Circle Officer and the sample was sealed with the Circle Officer's seal. The investigating officer (PW-4) corroborated the sampling and sealing process, which the court found satisfactory.
  6. Chain of custody and FSL conveyance: Constable Shamsher Ahmad (PW-2) testified that he took the sealed sample from the police station to the Forensic Science Laboratory, Agra, and made entries in the General Diary for onward and return journeys. The court found this testimony established safe conveyance and absence of tampering.
  7. Forensic confirmation: The Chemical Examination Report from the FSL confirmed the recovered substance to be doda powder; the court treated this as corroboration of the prosecution case.
  8. Credibility of prosecution witnesses: The court observed that PW-1 and PW-3 were cross-examined on vital aspects (including sealing and recovery) and their answers were found to be satisfactory, lending credibility to the recovery and arrest facts.
  9. Sentencing and Section 31: The court examined sentencing in the light of the appellant's two prior convictions under the N.D.P.S. Act (Special Sessions Trials No. 30 of 2007 and 42 of 2005) where he received sentences of six years and five years R.I. respectively. The court applied Section 31 of the N.D.P.S. Act as follows: the maximum sentence prescribed for the present offence could extend up to ten years; half of that maximum (i.e., five years) is to be fixed (per prior conviction), and considering the appellant's prior convictions the court concluded that imposition of an aggregate sentence of 15 years was justified. The trial court’s reasoning and calculation on enhanced sentence were upheld by the court.

On the totality of the evidence—testimony of the arresting and investigating officers, the recovery memo, sampling and sealing evidence, chain of custody testimony and the FSL report—the court concluded that mandatory provisions of the N.D.P.S. Act had been complied with and there was no legal ground to vitiate the recovery or the trial court's findings.

Holding and Implications

APPEAL DISMISSED; CONVICTION AND SENTENCE UPHELD

Holding (core ruling): The appellate court upheld the trial court’s conviction of the appellant under the N.D.P.S. Act and the sentence of 15 years rigorous imprisonment with a fine of Rs. 1,50,000/-, with default stipulation of three years' rigorous imprisonment.

Implications and direct effects:

  • The court found that the prosecution proved the case beyond reasonable doubt and that mandatory statutory safeguards under the N.D.P.S. Act (including Section 50 procedures, sampling and sealing, and safe conveyance to FSL) were satisfied on the record.
  • The appellate court upheld the trial court's application of Section 31 of the N.D.P.S. Act to justify the enhanced aggregate sentence in view of two prior NDPS convictions; the 15-year sentence therefore stands.
  • The appellant remained in custody and was to suffer the remaining part of his sentence as ordered by the trial court.
  • The court directed that a copy of the appellate order be certified to the concerned trial court for intimation and follow-up action.

Note: The opinion does not cite any external judicial precedents; its reasoning is based on facts found in the record, statutory provisions of the N.D.P.S. Act as referred to in the text, witness testimony and documentary exhibits described in the opinion.

Show all summary ...

Arvind Kumar Mishra-I, J.:— Heard Sri. Jitendra Pal Singh, learned counsel for the appellant and Sri. Sanjay Kumar Rajbhar, learned A.G.A. for the State and perused the record of this appeal.

2. By way of instant criminal appeal, challenge has been made to the validity and sustainability of the judgment and order dated 06.10.2007 passed by Additional Sessions Judge, court no. 4, Pilibhit in Special Trial No. 19 of 2007, State v. Vijay Pandey, arising out of case crime no. 1666 of 2006, police station-Puranpur, District-Pilibhit, whereby appellant- Vijay Pandey- has been convicted and sentenced to undergo 15 years R.I. coupled with fine of Rs. 1,50,000/-, with default stipulation to suffer additional rigorous imprisonment for three years.

3. Relevant facts giving rise to this appeal, as discernible from the record, appear to be that S.I. Sri. J.P. Singh Parihar concerning police station-Puranpur, district Pilibhit lodged written report on the basis of arrest and recovery of appellant-Vijay Pandey on 22.01.2006 at 8.45 A.M., which contained description that the informant-S.I. Sri. J.P. Singh Parihar along with Constable-Prahalad Singh were busy in search of wanted offenders and were present at the Railway-Crossing on Sherpur Road on 22.12.2006, when they received information through informer at about 6.10 A.M. that Vijay Pandey of Shahukara Linepar is about to move somewhere, is possessing 10 kg. of ‘doda’ and he can be apprehended, if quick action is taken. Informant-S.I. J.P. Singh Parihar-acted on the tip off information and tried to avail public witnesses, but no one was ready to be a witness. Therefore, the informant along with the police constable and the informer reached to the house of the accused Vijay Pandey where informer pointed out towards the house and went away. No sooner than the informant and the constable reached near the house, when a man holding white plastic sack in his right hand came out of the house and after sighting the police, turned to the left side of the house and tried to run away from the scene, but he was apprehended after short chase by the informant around 6.40 A.M. along with the sack.

4. On being inquired, he spelled his name Vijay Pandey s/o Gursharan Pandey, resident of Mohalla-Sahukara Line Par, Gautiya, Police Station Puran Pur, District Pilibhit. When further asked that information has been received that he is possessing ‘doda’ in his sack, therefore, if he so wishes, the search may be conducted in the presence of a Magistrate or a Gazetted Officer, but accused-Vijay Pandey-told that his search may be conducted by them and he has no objection, whereupon, the search was made by the informant in the presence of the accompanying Constable. Thereafter, after search seven packets were recovered from inside the plastic sack. Weighing equipment was arranged by the informant and the recovered substance was weighed, then 2½ kg. each substance was recovered from two green packets. On opening the same, it was found to be ‘doda’. Similarily, from the yellow polythene packet-1 kg. ‘doda’ and 2 kg. each ‘doda’ was also found into two separate yellow polythene packets. The total substance weighed 10 kgs. Since this act was covered under Section 18/20 N.D.P.S. Act and was punishable as such, the accused was arrested after being told about aforesaid fact and the recovered substance was kept inside the plastic sack and was sealed on the spot. Arrest and recovery memo was prepared on the spot. Its copy was prepared and was handed over to the accused. Local public was asked to stand witness to the fact of recovery and arrest, but no one was interested. This memo of arrest and recovery is Exhibit Ka-1. F.I.R. was lodged at Police Station-Puranpur by the informant on the basis of recovery memo, Exhibit Ka-1.

5. The Check FIR was entered at Case crime No. 1666 of 2006, under Section 18/20 N.D.P.S. Act at Police Station Puranpur at 8.45 A.M., which is Exhibit Ka-6. Consequently, relevant entries were made in the concerned General Diary and the investigation of the case ensued and was taken over by S.I. Afsar Khan on 22.12.2006-the day on which the case was lodged. He recorded the statement of the concerned Constable and also took note of contents of the arrest memo and the Check FIR and the concerned General Diary entry and after recording the statements of witnesses, prepared the site plan Exhibit Ka-4 and the sample was taken out from the recovered substance by the Circle Officer and was conveyed over to the Forensic Science Laboratory at Agra for examination by Constable Shamsher Ahmad. The Chemical Examination Report was obtained and after completing the investigation, charge-sheet Exhibit Ka-5 was filed against the accused. The Chemical Examination Report confirmed the recovered substance to be ‘Doda Powder’.

6. The Investigating Officer has also proved the entry made by the concerned Constable in the Check FIR and the General Diary, whereby case was registered against the accused. He has also proved relevant papers Exhibit Ka-7 to 10 etc.

7. The accused was charged under Section 8/15 N.D.P.S. Act for possessing illicit contraband 10 kgs. doda powder. The accused denied the charge and claimed to be tried.

8. The prosecution to prove its case examined P.W.1 S.I.J.P. Sigh Parihar. He is the informant of this case. P.W.2 is Constable Shamsher Ahmad. P.W.3 Constable Prahalad Singh is a witness of fact, who accompanied the informant on 22.12.2006 and effectuated recovery from the accused. P.W.4 is S.I. Afsar Khan, who is the Investigating Officer of this case. He has prepared the site plant, Exhibit Ka-4 and after completing the necessary formalities filed the charge sheet Exhibit Ka-5 against the appellant.

9. Statement of the accused was recorded under Section 313 Cr.P.C., wherein claim was raised that he has been falsely implicated in this case. He denied any recovery having been made from him. He submitted that he runs grocery shop near police out-post where police personnel used to buy articles on credit, when asked for payment, they felt offended and falsely implicated him in this false case of recovery.

10. The accused did not lead any evidence in defence.

11. The court below after considering the merit of the case recorded conviction for the charge under the aforesaid section of N.D.P.S. Act and passed the sentence of 15 years R.I. coupled with fine Rs. 1,50,000/- with default stipulation to suffer additional rigorous imprisonment for three years.

12. Resultantly, this appeal.

13. The contention has been raised that there is no independent witness in support of the recovery of contraband-doda powder-from the possession of the accused. The recovery is vitiated on account of violation of mandatory provisions of search contained under Section 50 of the N.D.P.S. Act. The recovered substance was not produced in court and the court wrongly anticipated weeding out of the same without any basis. Though, it is correct that accused is a previous convict and in two previous cases he has been sentenced to imprisonment for 7 years and 5 years, respectively. The recovered contraband-doda-was less than the commercial quantity for which maximum punishment is 10 years, but the accused has been erroneously and illegally punished for 15 years R.I. for no worthy reason. Lastly, he took specific plea that the police personnel used to take articles from his grocery shop, but they did not make payment for the same, when the accused asked for payment, he was roped in, in this case.

14. In reply, the learned A.G.A. has submitted that accused is pre-convict and has been convicted previously in two cases concerning N.D.P.S. Act. The parameter and the guidelines applicable for pre-convict relating to the sections of Penal Code, 1860 are not applicable in the cases pertaining to the NDPS Act. It can be easily observed that in both the convictions, the appellant was admitted to bail; and after bail, he again engaged himself in the commission of crime pertaining to N.D.P.S. Act for the third time. It was his third offence, which shows that he is a habitual offender of transporting of narcotic-drugs. He further submits that all the mandatory provisions prescribed in the N.D.P.S. Act have been complied with in totality. He added that recovered substance was rightly recovered and sample of the same was taken and sent for chemical examination, whereupon, it was found to be ‘doda power’ weighing 10 kg.- which was infact recovered from the possession of the accused. He further submits that sentencing was done accordingly to the provisions of N.D.P.S. Act and the trial court has rightly recorded punishment for 15 years to the appellant by virtue of mandate contained under Section 31 of the N.D.P.S. Act. Lastly, he added that the prosecution has succeeded in proving the charge against the appellant beyond all reasonable doubts, as the prosecution witnesses have consistently supported the prosecution case as spelt out in the first information report, which stands further corroborated by the report of the Forensic Science Laboratory, Agra, which confirmed the recovered substance to be ‘doda powder’.

15. Also considered the rival submissions.

16. The moot point that arises for adjudication of this appeal relates to fact whether the prosecution has been able to establish the charge beyond reasonable doubt against the accused?

17. Upon careful scrutiny of the record, the testimony adduced and particularly the documents on record and the very foundation of the case-the fact of arrest and the recovery, memo-Ext. Ka-1, it is reflected that on 22.12.2006, S.I. Sri. J.P. Singh Parihar-PW-1-the informant accompanied by constable Prahlad Singh were on duty in search of wanted criminals, when they received tip off information around 6:10 a.m. through an informer that Vijay Pandey s/o Gursharan Pandey, resident of Mohalla-Sahukara Line Par, Gautiya, Police Station-Puranpur, District-Pilibhit is in possession of doda powder and is about to convey some destination and in case quick action is taken, he can be apprehended. Acting on this information, S.I. Sri, J.P. Singh Parihar tried to arrange public witness, but no one was willing for being a witness. Therefore, the informant along with Constable Prahlad Singh and the informer reached near the house of the accused where the informer pointed out towards the house and moved way from the scene. When S.I. Sri. J.P. Singh Parihar and the constable Prahlad Singh arrived at the house of the accused, then a person was sighted on the northern left side of the house. The sight of the police frightened him and he tried to run away from the scene, when he was caught around 6.40 A.M. on 22.12.2006 after a little chase for about 20 paces by both-S.I. Sri. J.P. Singh Parihar and the Constable Prahlad Singh-around 6:40 a.m. on 22.12.2006. On being asked the person spelt his name, as Vijay Pandey s/o Gursharan Pandey resident of Mohalla-Sahukara Line Par, Gautiya, Police Station-Puranpur, District-Pilibhit. When asked by the police that they have received information that he is possessing ‘doda’, and in case he wants his search to be carried out in the presence of magistrate or a gazetted officer, then they may be called there, but the offer was declined and trust was reposed by the accused in the police party itself, whereupon, search of the accused was made, one white sack was recovered from his hand whereupon, it was inscribed ‘Rajbhog Khas Aap Ke Liye Maida’, wherein, seven packets were recovered, weighing equipment was arranged and it was brought by Constable Prahlad Singh, then these packets were weighed, 2½ kg. of substance/doda was found in two green packets. These were opened, then doda was suspected, one yellow polythene 1 kg doda was also recovered and in two separate yellow polythene packets weighing 2 kg each were found. The total substance/doda weighed 10 kg. This act being an offence under Section-18/20 N.D.P.S. Act. Reason for arrest was told by the police to the accused and he was arrested and the recovered material was again placed inside the sack and the sack was sealed and recovery memo was prepared on the spot and copy whereof was handed over to the accused and it was signed by S.I. J.P. Singh Parihar, Constable Prahlad Singh and also endorsed by accused-Vijay Pandey.

18. The case was investigated by P.W.-4-S.I. Afsar Khan, who inspected the spot, besides recording statements of various witnesses and after obtaining chemical examination report of the samples sent for examination, he filed charge-sheet-Ext.Ka-5 against the accused. He also has prepared the site plan-Ext. Ka-4.

19. To prove the case, the prosecution produced witnesses of fact PW-1 S.I. Sri. J.P. Singh Parihar and PW-3 Constable Prahlad Singh. Both witnesses of facts have been cross examined on vital aspects of recovery regarding sealing of the contraband of the recovered substance on the spot and the answer given are found to be satisfactorily giving credence to the fact of recovery and arrest of the accused on the spot around 6:40 a.m. on 22.12.2006.

20. Contention has been raised that there is violation of Section-50 of the N.D.P.S. Act.

21. Obviously, after tip off information was received, the very same day on 22.12.2006 around 6:10 a.m., the possibility was expressed that in case, quick action is taken, accused can be apprehended, otherwise he is likely to move away with the contraband. S.I. J.P. Singh Parihar-PW-1 tried to arrange public witness, but no one was ready to stand witness to the fact of recovery. The informant S.I. J.P. Singh Parihar-P.W.-1 rushed to the spot without any delay, and after the house of the accused was pointed out by the informer both-J.P. Singh Parihar-PW-1 and Constable Prahlad Singh reached to the house where they sighted one person holding in his hand a white sack, whereupon, he tried to flee away from the scene after having sighted the police party, but was caught after a little chase upto about 20 paces away from his house. When asked about possession of the contraband, the accused admitted the same, then option was given to him if he wishes to be searched in the presence of the Magistrate or a Gazetted Officer, which he declined and reposed trust in the police party itself, then search was made. On search being made seven polythene packets were recovered from inside the white sack. On weighing the seven recovered packets, the aggregate weight of the contraband/substance was found to be 10 kg in all.

22. Here, it can be observed that the search cannot be confined to the search of the person as is the case herein in hand because it was the sack recovered from the hand of the accused which the accused was holding at the time of his apprehension by the police-strictly speaking this aspect removes doubt regarding factum of search of person.

23. Next, option to be searched before a Magistrate or a Gazetted Officer was given at the appropriate time prior to the search being made but the offer was declined by the accused. Merely, because some description does not find place in the recovery memo-Ext. Ka-1-to the ambit that prior to the search, the police personnel did not carry out inter-se search would not be fatal, for the reason that both the witnesses of fact-J.P. Singh Parihar P.W.-1 and Constable Prahlad Singh PW-3 have been cross examined on this point and they have testified that prior to search, they had made search inter se, therefore, mere non mention of fact of inter se search would not render the search illegal or fatal.

24. In so far as sampling of the recovered substance is concerned, obviously it has emerged in the testimony of the investigating officer S.I. Afsar Khan-PW-4 that the sampling was done by the Circle Officer and the substance was then sealed by the seal of the circle officer himself, therefore, sampling process cannot be doubted that way.

25. So far as, fact of safe conveyance of the sample to the Forensic Science Laboratory is concerned, that very aspect, has been satisfactorily proved by Constable Shamsher Ahmad PW-2. He has categorically stated that he obtained the sample from the police station and took the same to the Forensic Science Laboratory, Agra and entry of the same was noted in the General Diary of date 14.01.2007 at Serial No. 16 at 8:20 hours. Similarly, the entry of return journey was also noted in the concerned General Diary at Serial No. 29 of date 17.01.2007 at 2:50 p.m. He has categorically stated that the substance was taken in safe and sealed condition to the Forensic Science Laboratory and no tampering was made and it was so handed over at the Forensic Science Laboratory. Therefore, on the point of sampling of the contraband substance and safe conveyance, the testimony inspires confidence and there is nothing, which may create any doubt regarding non-compliance of mandatory provisions of the N.D.P.S. Act so as to render the same doubtful.

26. Insofar as, contention regarding enhanced punishment is concerned, then obviously bare perusal of the impugned judgment and order of conviction itself it indicative of fact that the accused was previously convicted under the provisions of N.D.P.S. Act (8/15) and was convicted in two Special Sessions Trial no. 30 of 2007 (State v. Vijay Pandey) and 42 of 2005 (state v. Vijay Pandey), wherein, he has been sentenced to six years imprisonment and five years rigorous imprisonment coupled with fine respectively. Now, the present conviction is the third conviction and the sentence that can be awarded on account of previous conviction shall be the half of the maximum sentence prescribed, then it is gathered by virtue of Section 31 of the N.D.P.S. Act that the maximum prescribed sentence would be a period which may extend up to ten years and half of 10 years period shall be fixed to five years period, for each conviction. Considering from that angle the accused is liable to be imposed with the sentence of imprisonment for 15 years. That way imposition of sentence for 15 years is justified and the same legal aspect has been rightly taken into account by the trial court while imposing sentence on the appellant.

27. In view of above, it cannot be said that the enhanced sentence is violative of the provisions of the N.D.P.S. Act.

28. The learned trial Judge while appraising the facts and circumstances of the case and evaluating testimony of the prosecution witnesses has rightly convicted the accused and passed just sentence, which finding of conviction and sentence is upheld in this appeal. Consequently, the appeal sans merit and is accordingly dismissed.

29. In this case, the appellant is in jail. He will suffer remaining part of his sentence.

30. Let a copy of this order be certified to the concerned trial court for its intimation and follow up action.