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Bhatkal Ramarao Prakash v. Income Tax Officer .
Summary of ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 (ITAT, Bangalore) — Decision dated 04 January 2019
Factual and Procedural Background
This is an appeal filed by the assessee against the order dated 24.08.2018 of the CIT(Appeals)-V, Bengaluru, for assessment year 2015-16. The appeal raises multiple disputes concerning computation and classification of capital gains and the availability and quantum of deduction under Section 54F of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
Two principal factual strands underlie the dispute:
- RR Property: The assessee obtained Site No.513 (R.R. Nagar, Bangalore) from Ideal Homes Co-op. Building Society Ltd. under a lease-cum-sale agreement dated 22.03.2001, paid Rs.60,000 at that time, took possession, constructed a building, paid annual lease charges for 10 years and was conveyed absolute title by registered sale deed dated 31.08.2014. The assessee sold the property on 03.12.2014. The assessee treated the date of acquisition as 22.03.2001 and claimed long-term capital gain (LTCG). The Assessing Officer (AO) treated the acquisition date as 31.08.2014 and characterized the gain as short-term capital gain (STCG), disallowing deduction under Section 54F. The CIT(A) confirmed the AO’s order and the assessee appealed to the Tribunal.
- N.R. Colony property and Section 54F claim: The assessee sold Site No.689, HSR Layout by deed dated 05.06.2014 for which the capital gain was Rs.1,33,89,451. The assessee invested in a property at N.R. Colony by registered deed dated 20.06.2014 for a total consideration of Rs.3,60,00,000. The deed described two items (ground floor and first floor) with two door numbers (No.37 and No.37/1) but the Tribunal records that physically the acquisition was of one single piece of property which had been bifurcated into two door numbers. The AO took the view that (a) because the deed described two door numbers it constituted two separate house properties (so the assessee owned more than one house and could not claim Section 54F); and (b) because the property was purchased in joint names (assessee, wife and son), deduction should be restricted to the assessee's proportion (one-third). The CIT(A) confirmed the AO. The assessee appealed to the Tribunal.
Legal Issues Presented
- Whether, for computation of capital gains, the period of holding of the RR property should be reckoned from the date of the lease-cum-sale agreement and initial payment/possession (22.03.2001) or from the date of registered conveyance (31.08.2014), i.e., whether the gain is a long-term capital gain or a short-term capital gain.
- Whether the property purchased at N.R. Colony described under two door numbers (ground floor Door No.37 and first floor Door No.37/1) constitutes one residential house or two separate houses for the purpose of claiming deduction under Section 54F.
- Whether deduction under Section 54F must be restricted to the share shown in the sale deed when the new property is purchased in joint names (assessee, wife and son), or whether the assessee can claim the full deduction when the consideration actually flowed from the assessee.
Arguments of the Parties
Appellant's (Assessee's) Arguments
- The assessee contended that acquisition and holding of the RR property must be reckoned from the lease-cum-sale agreement dated 22.03.2001 because the assessee had paid the consideration, taken possession and performed the obligations under the agreement long before the registered sale deed; hence the gain on sale should be treated as long-term capital gain.
- For the Section 54F claim, the assessee asserted that the purchase at N.R. Colony was of a single property (though bifurcated into two door numbers) and therefore qualifies as "a residential house" for Section 54F purposes; accordingly the assessee was entitled to exemption.
- The assessee argued that the Section 54F purchase need not be only in the name of the assessee; where the consideration has flowed from the assessee, the fact that the registered deed names other co-purchasers (wife and son) should not deny the full exemption to the assessee.
Revenue's (AO / Department) Arguments
- On the RR property, the AO maintained that the date of acquisition is the date of registered conveyance (31.08.2014), so sale on 03.12.2014 falls within 36 months and results in STCG; consequently Section 54F deduction is not allowable for STCG.
- On the N.R. Colony purchase, the AO held that the deed described two separate items with two door numbers—thus constituting two distinct house properties—so the assessee already owned more than one house and could not claim Section 54F.
- Also, because the deed was in joint names (assessee, wife and son), the AO took the view that only the portion of the new asset that corresponds to the assessee's share (one-third) could be treated as investment by the assessee for Section 54F; he therefore restricted the exemption proportionately.
Table of Precedents Cited
| Precedent | Rule or Principle Cited For | Application by the Court |
|---|---|---|
| CIT v. Dr. Shakuntala (Karnataka High Court), ITA No.117 of 2006 (judgment dated 19.9.2007) | Holding that, where allotment and possession occurred under a lease-cum-sale agreement, the period of holding may be reckoned from the date of possession/allotment and not necessarily from the date of subsequent registered sale deed. | Tribunal relied on this decision to accept the assessee’s contention that holding of the RR property began on 22.03.2001 and thus the gain on sale was a LTCG. |
| Smt. Rama Rani Kalia; Amar Nath Agarwal (Allahabad High Court decisions) — reported citations referenced in the text | Support for the proposition that possession/allotment under lease-cum-sale agreements can mark start of holding period for capital gains purposes. | Referred to as supporting authorities for treating the date of possession/initial payment as the acquisition date for holding-period calculation. |
| CIT v. A. Suresh Rao, 223 Taxmann 228 (Kar) | Detailed analysis of the expression "held" in Section 2(42A) and the effect of Section 2(47) sub-clauses (v) & (vi); recognition that possessory arrangements and part-performance can amount to holding for capital gains purposes; reliance on CBDT circulars. | Placed reliance on this analysis to conclude that the assessee’s possession and payment under the lease-cum-sale agreement amounted to holding from 22.03.2001 and supported classification of the gain as LTCG. |
| Smt. Saroj Aggarwal v. CIT, 156 ITR 497 (Apex Court) | Principle that facts should be viewed in a natural, equitable manner; courts should avoid a hyper-technical approach where the legislative intent and justice favour a benevolent construction. | Tribunal applied these interpretive principles to support the conclusion that the absence of an earlier registered deed does not displace the date of acquisition where the assessee had possession and paid consideration. |
| CIT v. Gita Duggal (Delhi High Court) (2013) 30 taxmann.com 230 (Delhi) | Held that the phrase "a residential house" in Sections 54/54F should not be narrowly read to require a single "unit"; a building with multiple independent units can still qualify as "a residential house". | Tribunal relied on this decision to treat the N.R. Colony acquisition (door nos. 37 and 37/1) as a single residential house for Section 54F purposes, allowing the exemption. |
| B. Ananda Basappa (309 ITR 329 (Kar)) and K. G. Rukminiamma (331 ITR 211 (Kar)) | Support for reading "a residential house" as a residential building which may contain multiple units; the physical structuring does not defeat Section 54/54F. | Cited in the Gita Duggal reasoning and relied upon by the Tribunal to treat the N.R. Colony purchase as one residential house despite two door numbers. |
| Prakash v. ITO, 312 ITR 40 (Bombay) | Held that, for Section 54F, investment must be made in the name of the assessee alone and not in the name of another person. | Decision noted by Tribunal as supporting the Revenue’s view, but not followed because contrary Karnataka High Court and other decisions favouring the assessee were applied. |
| DIT (Intl.) v. Mrs. Jennifer Bhide (Karnataka High Court) (2011) 15 taxmann.com 82 (Karn.) | Held that there is no requirement that the investment under a capital-gains exemption provision (example in the text: 54EC cited analogously) must be in the sole name of the assessee; where consideration flowed from the assessee, joint registration does not defeat the claim. | Tribunal followed this authority to permit the assessee to claim full deduction under Section 54F despite the registered deed naming the wife and son as co-purchasers. |
| CIT v. Kamal Wahal (2013) 30 taxmann 34 (Delhi); Laxmi Narayan v. CIT (2018) 89 Taxmann 334 (Raj); CIT v. Gurnam Singh (2008) 170 Taxman 160 (P&H) | Additional authorities consistent with the view that joint registration does not automatically disqualify an assessee from claiming full exemption where the consideration flowed from the assessee. | Used to reinforce the Tribunal's conclusion that the assessee could claim full Section 54F benefit even though the new asset was registered jointly. |
Court's Reasoning and Analysis
The Tribunal's reasoning follows three main strands, each tied to statutory definitions, the factual matrix and precedent:
-
Classification of the RR property's gain (LTCG v. STCG)
- The Tribunal commenced with the relevant statutory definitions: Sections 2(29B), 2(29A), 2(42A) and 2(42B) concerning long-term/short-term capital asset and gains. It noted that Section 2(42A) defines a short-term capital asset as one "held" by an assessee for not more than thirty-six months, and that the word "held" does not expressly tie the holding to the date of vesting of legal title by registered deed.
- The Tribunal observed that related provisions (Section 2(47)(v) & (vi)) and the functional effect of possessory arrangements and agreements (including reference to Section 53A, Transfer of Property Act, and CBDT circulars discussed in A. Suresh Rao) treat possessory rights and part-performance as tantamount to ownership for taxing purposes.
- Factually, the assessee had paid the cost, taken possession, constructed on the site and performed the contractual obligations under the lease-cum-sale agreement dated 22.03.2001. The Tribunal concluded that, keeping in view the policy and object of the capital gains provisions and the cited authorities (Dr. Shakuntala, A. Suresh Rao, Saroj Aggarwal), the assessee should be regarded as having held the RR property from 22.03.2001. Consequently, the gain on sale was long-term in nature.
-
Availability of Section 54F exemption for N.R. Colony purchase (single house v. two houses)
- The Tribunal examined the sale deed for the N.R. Colony acquisition and the background: the property comprised a single piece of land with construction (ground floor and first floor) and was historically bifurcated into two door numbers to earmark shares; the physical reality was of a single property with a common entrance.
- Applying the principle developed in Gita Duggal and related decisions (B. Ananda Basappa, K.G. Rukminiamma), the Tribunal held that the expression "a residential house" in Section 54/54F should not be narrowly construed to preclude buildings consisting of multiple units or door numbers; what matters is the residential character and not a rigid requirement of a single unit. Therefore the N.R. Colony purchase constituted one residential house for Section 54F.
-
Quantum of Section 54F deduction where the new asset is registered in joint names
- The Tribunal dealt with the Revenue's contention (supported by Prakash v. ITO) that the new asset must be purchased in the name of the assessee only. The Tribunal noted contrary authorities from the Karnataka High Court (Jennifer Bhide) and other decisions which permit allowance of the benefit where the consideration has flowed from the assessee despite joint registration.
- Invoking the settled principle that where two views are possible the one favourable to the assessee should be adopted, and relying on Jennifer Bhide and other supporting authorities, the Tribunal concluded that the assessee was entitled to the full benefit of Section 54F to the extent the investment really flowed from him, even though the registered deed named his wife and son as co-purchasers.
Holding and Implications
Final Disposition: The Tribunal allowed the appeal by the assessee.
Core rulings (direct effect on the parties):
- The capital gain on sale of Site No.513 (R.R. Nagar) is to be treated as a long-term capital gain: the Tribunal accepted the assessee's contention that the holding period commenced on 22.03.2001 (date of the lease-cum-sale agreement, payment and possession), not on the date of subsequent registered conveyance (31.08.2014).
- The investment made in the property at N.R. Colony qualifies for exemption under Section 54F: the property described by two door numbers (No.37 and No.37/1) was treated as one residential house for the purposes of Section 54F.
- The deduction under Section 54F is not to be restricted to one-third merely because the registered deed names co-purchasers: the Tribunal held that where the consideration has flowed from the assessee, he is entitled to the full deduction under Section 54F despite joint registration; the tribunal followed decisions such as Jennifer Bhide and other supporting authorities rather than the Bombay High Court decision in Prakash v. ITO.
Broader implications: The Tribunal applied existing High Court and Supreme Court authorities and interpretive principles; the decision resolves the disputed assessments in favour of the assessee on the presented facts. The opinion proceeds by applying established precedents rather than announcing novel legal propositions.
Disposition
The appeal by the assessee is allowed. The order is pronounced in open court on 04 January 2019 by the Bench (Jason P. Boaz, Accountant Member and N.V. Vasudevan, Vice President).
Per N V Vasudevan, Vice President This appeal by the assessee is against the order dated 24.08.2018 of the CIT(Appeals)-V, Bengaluru, relating to assessment year 2015-16.
2. There are basically 3 issues that arise for consideration in this appeal. The first issue is with regard to the computation of capital gain on sale of a property viz., Site No.513 (PII), R.R. Nagar, Bangalore by the assessee [hereinafter referred to as the RR property]. It is not in dispute that the assessee acquired the RR property from Ideal Homes Co-op. Building Society Ltd., Bangalore, under a lease-cum-sale agreement dated ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 2 of 17 22.3.2001. As per the terms of lease-cum-sale agreement, the assessee paid a sum of Rs.60,000 towards the value of site on the date of agreement for lease-cum-sale. As per the further terms of this agreement, the assessee has to construct the building on the site within two years from the date of agreement. The assessee should not alienate the site for a period of 10 years. The assessee took possession of the property and constructed a building. As per the agreement, for 10 years the assessee has to pay annual lease charges and at the end of 10 years period, the property will be conveyed to the assessee. It is not in dispute that the assessee complied with the aforesaid terms of lease-cum-sale agreement and was in possession of the property and put up construction on the site on the date of agreement and subsequently.
3. The society by registered sale deed dated 31.08.2014 conveyed the property to the assessee. The fact that the assessee was allotted the site as per the terms of lease-cum-sale agreement dated 22.3.2001 and the fact that assessee complied with all the conditions in the said lease-cum- sale agreement have been acknowledged in the sale deed.
4. The assessee sold the site as well as the building constructed thereon under a Sale Deed dated 03.12.2014. The assessee computed long term capital gain on the sale of this property by taking the date of lease-cum-sale agreement viz., 22.03.2001 as the date of acquisition of the property. Since the property was held by the assessee for more than 3 years, the assessee claimed that the capital gain arising on transfer was a long term capital gain.
5. The AO, however, construed the date of acquisition of property by the assessee as 31.08.2014, the date on which the society made an absolute conveyance to the assessee. Since the assessee sold the property on 03.12.2014, the AO treated the date of acquisition of property ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 3 of 17 as 31.08.2014 and the date of sale being less than 36 months, the AO construed the capital gain on sale of property as a short term capital gain. The assessee had claimed deduction u/s. 54F of the Act by investing the capital gain in acquisition of another property. Since the gain in question was construed as a short term capital gain, the deduction claimed u/s. 54F of the Act was not allowed by the AO.
6. On appeal by the assessee, the CIT(Appeals) confirmed the order of
7. Aggrieved by the order of CIT(Appeals), the assessee has preferred the present appeal before the Tribunal and the relevant grounds of appeal raised by the assessee in this regard are contained in ground Nos.1 to 4.
8. We have heard the rival submissions. The dispute between the Assessee and the Revenue is as to whether the gain on sale of the RR Property which was obtained originally on 22.03.2001 on lease from the society which was subsequently conveyed absolutely by the society to the Assessee by a registered sale deed dated 31.08.2014 can be said to be a LTCG.
9. Sec.2(29B) of the Act defines Long term capital gain as follows:- "long-term capital gain" means capital gain arising from the transfer of a long-term capital asset; Sec.2(29A) of the Act defines Long term Capital asset as follows:- "long-term capital asset" means a capital asset which is not a short-term capital asset ; Sec.2(42A) of the Act defines Short Term Capital asset as follows:- (42A) "short-term capital asset" means a capital asset held by an assessee for not more than thirty-six months immediately preceding the date of its transfer : ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 4 of 17 Sec.2(42B) of the Act defines Short term capital gain as follows:- (42B) "short-term capital gain" means capital gain arising from the transfer of a short-term capital asset;
10. We have to look at the definition of the term Short term capital gain because what is not short term capital gain is Long term capital gain and that is the way Long term capital gain has been defined in the Act. Short term capital gain means capital gain arising from the transfer of a short term capital asset. Short term capital asset has been quite exhaustively defined, covering several situations. For the present appeal the portion of the definition which says short term capital asset means a capital asset held by an assessee for not more than thirty-six months immediately preceding the date of its transfer alone is relevant.
11. It is not in dispute that the Assessee paid cost of the site as early as 22.3.2001 and was in possession of the property as lessee cum Agreement holder with right to obtain conveyance of absolute interest over the land that was leased. The expression held by the Assessee in the context of Sec.2(42A) of the Act, is rather ambiguous, in the sense that it does not speak of the date of vesting of legal title to the property. Even the provisions of sec.2(47)(v) & (vi) of the Act which defines what is transfer for the purpose of the Act, considers possessory rights as akin to legal title. It is therefore necessary to look into the policy and object of the provisions giving exemption from levy of tax on capital gain. In the present case, as we have already seen, the Assessee had paid the entire consideration for the site originally allotted as early as in the year 2001. The Assessee had performed its part of the contract with the society. Therefore the claim of the Assessee that it held the property from 22.3.2001 has to be accepted, ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 5 of 17 keeping in mind the policy and object of the provisions giving exemption from levy of tax on capital gain.
12. The Honble Karnataka High Court in the case of CIT Vs. Dr.Shakuntala ITA No.117 of 2006 judgment dated 19.9.2007 had to deal with a case where the Assessee got a site allotted in her favour by the Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) under a lease-cum-sale agreement dated 28.2.1981 and was put in possession of the site allotted. She got absolute sale deed from BDA only on 19.9.1996. She sold the property on 25.3.1997. The question before the Honble Karnataka High Court was as to whether the capital gain can be regarded as LTCG or STCG. The case of the revenue was that the period of holding had to be reckoned from 19.9.1996 and the capital gain had to be regarded as STCG. The plea of the Assessee was that the holding period had to be reckoned from 18.2.1981 the date on which the Assessee got possession of the property under lease-cum-sale agreement was accepted by the Honble Karnataka High Court. Similar decisions were rendered by the Honble Allahabad High Court in the case of Smt.Rama Rani Kalia 358 ITR
499 (All) & Amar Nath Agarwal 371 ITR 183 (All).
13. We also find support for the aforesaid conclusions from another decision of the Honble Karnataka High Court in the case of CIT vs A Suresh Rao 223 Taxmann 228 (Kar) wherein similar issue was considered and wherein the significance of the expression held used by the legislature has been analysed and explained at length. Honble High Court analysed various provisions of the Act pertaining to computation of capital gain under various situations and also circulars issued by the CBDT on this issue. Relevant portion of the observation wherein the issue before us has been properly analysed is reproduced hereunder:- ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 6 of 17 The definition as contained in Section 2 (42A) of the Act, though uses the words, a capital asset held an assessee for not more than thirty-six months immediately preceding the date of its transfer, for the purpose of holding an asset, it is not necessary that, he should be the owner of the asset, with a registered deed of conveyance conferring title on him. In the light of the expanded definition as contained in Section 2(47), even when a sale, exchange, or relinquishment or extinguishment of any right, under a transaction the assessee is put in possession of an immovable property or he retained the same in part performance of the contract under Section 53-A of the Transfer of Property Act, it amounts to transfer. No registered deed of sale is required to constitute a transfer. Similarly, any transaction whether by way of becoming a member of or acquiring shares in a co-operative society, company or other association of persons or by way of any agreement or any arrangement or in any other manner whatsoever, which has the effect of transferring, or enabling the enjoyment of any immovable property, also constitutes transfer and the assessee is said to hold the said property for the purpose of the definition of short-term capital gain. In fact, the Circular No.495 makes it clear that transactions of the nature referred to above are not required to be registered under the Registration Act, 1908. Such arrangements confer the privileges of ownership without transfer of title in the building and are common mode of acquiring flats particularly in multistoried constructions in big cities. The aforesaid new sub-clauses (v) and (vi) have been inserted in Section 2(47) to prevent avoidance of capital gains liability by recourse to transfer of rights in the manner referred to above. A person holding the Power of Attorney is authorized the powers of owner, including that of making construction though the legal ownership in such cases continues to be with the transferor. The intention of legislature is to treat even such transactions as transfers and the capital gain arising out of such transactions are brought to tax. Further, the Circular No.4 71 goes to the extent of clarifying that for the purpose of Income-tax Act, the allottee gets title to the property on the issuance of the allotment letter and the payment of installments is only a follow up action and taking the delivery of possession is only a formality. In case of construction agreements, the tentative cost of construction is already determined and the agreement provides for payment of cost of construction in installments subject to the ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 7 of 17 condition that the allottee has to bear the increase, if any, in the cost of construction. Therefore, for the purpose of capital gains tax the cost of the new asset is the tentative cost of construction and the fact that the amount was allowed to be paid in installments does not affect the legal position. Therefore, in construing such taxation provisions, what should be the approach of the courts and the interpretation to be placed is clearly set out by the Apex Court in the case of Smt. Saroj Aggarwal vs CIT
156 ITR 497 wherein it is held as under:- Facts should be viewed in natural perspective, having regard to the compulsion of the circumstances of a case. Where it is possible to draw two inferences from the facts and where there is no evidence of any dishonest or improper motive on the part of the assessee, it would be just and equitable to draw such inference in such a manner that would lead to equity and justice. Too hyper- technical or legalistic approach should be avoided in looking at a provision which must be equitably interpreted and justly administered Courts should, whenever possible unless prevented by the express language by any section or compelling circumstances of any particular case, make a benevolent and justice oriented inference. Facts must be viewed in the social milieu of a country. Therefore, keeping the aforesaid principles in mind, when we look at Section 48, the language employed is unambiguous. The intention is very clear. When a capital asset is transferred, in order to determine the capital gain from such transfer, what is to be seen is, out of full value of the consideration received or accruing, the cost of acquisition of the asset, the cost of improvement and any expenditure wholly or exclusively incurred in connection with such transfer is to be deducted. What remains thereafter is the capital gain. It is not necessary that after payment of cost of acquisition, a title deed is to be executed in favour of the assessee. Even in the absence of a title deed, the assessee holds that property and therefore, it is the point of time at which he holds the property, which is to be taken into consideration in determining the period between the date of acquisition and date of transfer of such capital gain in order to decide whether it is a short-term capital gain or a long-term capital gain. ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 8 of 17
14. In the light of the aforesaid decisions, we are of the view that the capital gain in question in the present case has to be treated as LTCG as claimed by the Assessee. Ground Nos.3 to 5 are accordingly allowed.
15. The next dispute is with regard to computation of capital gain and deduction u/s. 54F of the Act in respect of another property sold by the assessee during the relevant previous year. The assessee during the previous year sold a site bearing No.689, HSR Layout, Bangalore by a Sale Deed dated 05.06.2014. It is not in dispute that the capital gain on sale of this house site was a sum of Rs.1,33,89,451. The assessee claimed exemption u/s. 54F of the Act. The assessee purchased property at N.R. Colony for a consideration of Rs.3,60,00,000. The items of property that was purchased by assessee under registered sale deed dated 20.06.2014 are as follows:- SCHEDULE ITEM # 1 All that piece and parcel of immovable property being residential house (Ground floor) bearing Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike Khatha # 37, PID #'51-14- 37, (previously # 2), situated at 1st Main Road, N R Colony, Bangalore, the residential house having total built up area of 1260 sft., built with RCC roof, red-oxide flooring, teak wood doors and windows. ITEM # 2 All that piece and parcel of immovable property being residential house (First floor) bearing Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike Khatha # 37/1, PID # 51-14-37/1, situated at 1st Main Road, N R Colony, Bangalore, the residential house having total built up area of 1180 sft. , built above property # 37, PID # 51- 14-37, built with RCC roof, red-oxide flooring, teak wood doors and windows, the ITEM # 1 & 2 of ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 9 of 17 SCHEDULE PROPERTY, built on site measuring East to West
60 ft., and North to South 40 ft., measuring in all 2400 sft., and bounded on: EAST BY : 1ST MAIN ROAD WEST BY : PRIVATE PROPERTY NORTH BY : 3RD CROSS ROAD SOUTH BY : PRIVATE PROPERTY IN WITNESS WHEREOF THE VENDORS AND THE PURCHASERS HAVE AFFIXED THEIR SIGNATURES TO THIS DEED OF ABSOLUTE SALE ON THE DATE MENTIONED ABOVE AT BANGALORE.
16. Another aspect which is to be noted is that the assessee purchased property in the name of himself, his wife Smt. Geeta Prakash and his son - Shri Amit Prakash.
17. The AO was of the view that to claim deduction u/s. 54F of the Act, the assessee should not own more than one house, other than the new asset. Since as per the description of the property purchased by the assessee given above consisted of two door nos., the AO was of the view that the assessee purchased two house properties and therefore cannot claim deduction u/s. 54F of the Act as he owned more than one house property, other than the property that was transferred. Another objection of the AO was that to claim exemption u/s. 54F of the Act, the property had to be purchased only by the assessee in his name and since the assessees wife and children were also added as purchasers, the assessee can claim deduction u/s. 54F of the Act only to the extent of 1/3rd of sale consideration invested in acquiring the new property. In that view of the matter, the AO computed the disallowance u/s. 54F of the Act as follows:- 7.0 From the above, it can be seen that the assessee has declared purchase investment for the purpose of claiming ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 10 of 17 deduction u/s. 54F of the Income Tax Act, 1961 at Rs. 1,40,00,000/- and Rs. 1,02,50,000/-respectively. On perusal of the purchase deed dated 28/06/2014, it is found that the aggregate consideration for the residential property mentioned at ITEM #1 has been paid at Rs. 2,16,00,000/- and for the residential property mentioned at ITEM #2 has been paid at Rs. 1,44,00,000/-. Further the registration charges Rs. 20,16,000/- and stamp duty Rs. 3,60,000/- has also been paid. Accordingly, the cost of acquisition and share of assessee in the investment are worked out as under; ITEM # 1 ITEM # 2 Purchase consideration 2,16,00,000 1,44,00,000 Stamp duty paid 2,16,000 1,44,000 Proportionate Registration charges 12,09,600 8,06,400 Total purchase consideration paid 2,30,25,600 1,53,50,400 1/3rd share of the assessee works out to 76,75,200 51,16,800 7.1 The assessee has declared sale consideration at Rs. 1,40,00,000/-and computed long term capital gains at Rs. 1,33,89,451/- received from sale of the property "Site # 689, H.S.R. Layout, Bangalore." The higher share of the assessee in purchase of new asset (residential house property) has been worked out at Rs. 76,75,200/-. Hence, allowable deduction u/s. 54F of the Income Tax Act, 1961 is computed as under; Amount invested to purchase of construct Allowable Deduction u/s. 54F = Long Term capital Gains x residential house Net Consideration 1,33,89,451 x 76,75,200 = Rs. 73,40,480/- 1,40,00,000 7.2 In view of the above discussion, taxable long term capital gains in assessee case are computed at Rs. 60,48,571/- (Rs. 1,33,89,451 Rs. 73,40,480) and brought to tax during A.Y. 2015-16. Disallowance : Rs.60,48,571/- ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 11 of 17
18. On appeal by the assessee, the CIT(Appeals) confirmed the order of AO. Aggrieved by the order of CIT(A), the assessee has raised ground Nos.5 to 7 before this Tribunal.
19. We have heard the rival submissions. We have already seen that the Assessee claimed that it had invested LTCG in purchase of another residential house property and claimed deduction u/s.54F of the Act. One of the conditions for allowing deduction u/s.54F as laid down in Sec.54F(1) proviso is that the Assessee should not own more than one residential house, other than the new asset. The factual details with regard to acquisition of the property by the Assessee has already been set out in the earlier paragraph of this order. The details of the payment made by the Assessee are given in pages 11 to 12 of Assessees paper book and the same is as follows:- RTGS Date 1 Bank name & S.B. A/c # of Purchasers Favouring Bank name & S.B. A/c # of Vendors Amount (Rs.)
1 27/06/2014 The National Co- op Bank Ltd., Gandhi Bazar, Bangalore - SB A/c.# 10323 of Sri.B.R. Prakash & Smt. Geetha Prakash Sri.Padmanabha Ranganath Chari Bank of Maharastra, Dholpur House, Shahjahan Road, UPSC, New Delhi- A/c. # 20072297678 71,28,000/- la Income tax deducted at Source - - Paid by Challan Serial # 00024 dt.28/06/2014 72,000/-
2 27/06/2014 The National Co-op Bank Ltd., Gandhi Bazar, Bangalore SB A/c.# 10323 10323 of Sri.B.R. Prakash 86 Smt. Geetha Prakash Sri.Padmanabha Srinivas Chari Indian Overseas Bank, 1565, Swastik Vihar, Panchikula A/ c.# 156501000001392 71,28,000/- 2a Income tax deducted at Source - - Paid by Challan Serial # 00066 dt.28/06/2014 72,000/- ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 12 of 17
3 27/06/2014 The National Co- op Bank Ltd.. Gandhi Bazar, Bangalore - SB A/c.# 1032310323 of Sri.B.R. Prakash & Smt. Geetha Prakash Sri.Padmanabh a Ramanuja Chari Union Bank of India, Vartak Nagar, Thane (west), A/c. # 623302010001313 71,28,000/- 3a income tax deducted at Source - - Paid by Challans Serial # 00017 dt.28/06/2014 72,000/- 3b 27/06/2014 The National Co- ' op Bank Ltd., Gandhi Bazar, Bangalore - SB A/c.# 10323 10323 of Sri.B.R. Prakash & Smt. Geetha Prakash Sri.Padmanabh a Ramanuja Chari Union Bank of India, Vartak Nagar, Thane (west), A/c. # 62330201001313 1,20,00,00/- 3c 27/06/2014 The National Co- op Bank Ltd., Gandhi Bazar, Bangalore - SB A/c.# 43689 of Sri. 'Amith Prakash Sri.Padmanabh a Ramanuja Chari Union Bank of India, Vartak Nagar, Thane (west), A/c. # 62330201001313 22,56,000/- 3d Income tax deducted at Source Paid by Challan Serial # 00021 dt.28/06/2014 1,44,000/- TOTAL 3,60,00,000/-
20. As far as the case of the AO that assessee has purchased two properties under Sale Deed dated 28.06.2014 is concerned, we have perused the schedule of the property that was purchased. Actually this was a single piece of property viz., Site No.1 owned by Smt. Janaki Iyengar, Smt. Janaki Iyengar constructed a residential house in ground floor in the year 1937 and the first floor in the year 1962-63 with the ground floor of the property re-numbered as No.37 and the first floor as Door ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 13 of 17 No.37/1 of 1st Main Road, N.R.Colony. Janaki Iyengar executed a will on 28.5.1975 wherein she bequeathed to her sister Dr.M.Vaidhei with Door No.37 which is Schedule-A of the Sale Deed under which the Assessee purchased this property and the first floor bearing door No.37/1, described in Schedule B in the sale deed under which Assessee purchased the new asset to her nephew P.Ramanuja Chari. Janaki Iyengar died on 6.6.1975 and the legatees under the will sold their respective shares in one property to the Assessee. The entire property constitutes single house but was bifurcated with two door numbers for the ground and first floor with common entrance in the ground floor only to earmark the share of each beneficiaries. The property otherwise constitutes a single property, though they have two different door nos. In such circumstances, the assessee has purchased only one property and not two properties. In this regard, the decisions cited by the ld. Counsel for the assessee before us supports the plea of the assessee viz., the decision of the Delhi High Court in the case of CIT Vs. Gita Duggal (2013 30 taxmann.com 230 (Delhi). In the aforesaid decision, the facts were that the assessee entered into a development agreement pursuant to which the developer demolished the property and constructed a new building comprising of three floors. In consideration of granting the development rights, the assessee received Rs. 4 crores and two floors of the new building. The AO held that in computing capital gains, the cost of construction of Rs. 3.43 crores incurred by the developer on the development of the property had to be added to the sum of Rs. 4 crores received by the assessee. The assessee claimed that as the said capital gains was invested in the said two floors, she was eligible for exemption u/s 54. The AO rejected the claim on the basis that the units on the said floors were independent & self-contained and not a residential house and granted exemption for only one unit. The CIT(A) and Tribunal upheld the assessees claim by relying on B.Ananda Basappa 309 ITR 329 (Kar) and K.G. Rukminiamma 331 ITR 211 (Kar). On appeal by the ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 14 of 17 department, the High Court dismissed the appeal of the revenue. The Honble Court observed that as held in B.Ananda Bassappa (SLP dismissed) & K G Rukminiamma, the Revenues contention that the phrase a residential house would mean one residential house is not correct. The expression a residential house should be understood in a sense that building should be of residential in nature and a should not be understood to indicate a singular number. Also, section 54/54F uses the expression a residential house and not a residential unit. Section 54/54F requires the assessee to acquire a residential house and so long as the assessee acquires a building, which may be constructed, for the sake of convenience, in such a manner as to consist of several units which can, if the need arises, be conveniently and independently used as an independent residence, the requirement of the Section should be taken to have been satisfied. There is nothing in these sections which require the residential house to be constructed in a particular manner. The only requirement is that it should be for the residential use and not for commercial use. If there is nothing in the section which requires that the residential house should be built in a particular manner, it seems to us that the income tax authorities cannot insist upon that requirement. A person may construct a house according to his plans, requirements and compulsions. A person may construct a residential house in such a manner that he may use the ground floor for his own residence and let out the first floor having an independent entry so that his income is augmented. It is quite common to find such arrangements, particularly post-retirement. One may build a house consisting of four bedrooms (all in the same or different floors) in such a manner that an independent residential unit consisting of two or three bedrooms may be carved out with an independent entrance so that it can be let out. He may even arrange for his children and family to stay there, so that they are nearby, an arrangement which can be mutually supportive. He may construct his residence in such a manner that in case ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 15 of 17 of a future need he may be able to dispose of a part thereof as an independent house. There may be several such considerations for a person while constructing a residential house. The physical structuring of the new residential house, whether it is lateral or vertical, cannot come in the way of considering the building as a residential house. The fact that the residential house consists of several independent units cannot be permitted to act as an impediment to the allowance of the deduction u/s 54/54F. It is neither expressly nor by necessary implication prohibited.
21. We are therefore of the view that the Assessee was entitled to claim deduction u/s.54F of the Act in respect of investment in the property bearing Door No.37 & 37/1, 1st Main Road, N.R.Colony, Bangalore.
22. The next issue is as to whether the deduction u/s.54F of the Act has to be restricted to only 1/3rd of the cost of acquisition of the new asset for the reason that the Assessee purchased the property along with the name of his wife and son shown as purchaser in the document under which the property was purchased.
23. The stand of the Revenue is that to claim deduction u/s.54F of the Act, the purchase of the new asset should be only in the name of the transferor i.e., the Assessee. To the extent the capital gain is invested in the joint name of the Assessees wife and son, the deduction cannot be allowed. On such reasoning the revenue authorities took the view that even assuming the deduction u/s.54F of the Act has to be allowed to the Assessee, such deduction should be restricted to 1/3rd of the cost of the new asset. The stand of the Assessee on the other hand is that Sec.54F mandates that the new asset should be purchased by the Assessee and it does not stipulate that the house should be purchased in the name of the Assessee only. ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 16 of 17
24. The view of the revenue finds support in the decision of the Honble Bombay High Court in the case of Prakash Vs. ITO 312 ITR 40 (Bom) wherein it was held that to claim deduction u/s.54F of the Act, it is necessary and obligatory to have investment made in residential house in the name of the Assessee only and not in the name of any other person. The view of the Assessee finds support in the decision of Honble Karnataka High Court in the case of DIT (Intl.) Vs. Mrs. Jennifer Bhide (2011) 15 taxmann.com 82 (Karn.) wherein it was held that there is no requirement that investment u/s.54EC should be in the name of Assessee only. In that case new asset was purchased in the name of the Assessee and her husband. The AO allowed deduction u/s.54EC only to the extent of 50% on the reasoning that deduction will be allowed only to the extent of investment made in the name of the Assessee. The Honble Karnataka High Court held that the entire consideration had flow from Assessee and no consideration had flown from her husband. Merely because the husbands name is also mentioned in the purchase document, the Assessee could not be denied the benefit of deduction. Similar view has been taken in the case of CIT Vs. Kamal Wahal (2013) 30 taxmann 34 (Delhi), Laxmi Narayan Vs. CIT (2018) 89 Taxmann 334 (Raj.) & CIT Vs. Gurnam Singh (2008) 170 Taxman 160 (P & H).
25. The law is well settled that where two views are possible on an issue, the view favourable to the Assessee should be followed. Moreover, the decision of the Honble Karnataka High Court in the case of Mrs. Jennifer Bhide (supra) is in favour of the Assessee. Following the said decisions, we hold that the Assessee should be entitled to the benefit of deduction u/s.54F of the Act, to the whole extent of investment in purchase of new asset, even though the property has been purchased in the joint names of Assessee, his wife and son. We hold accordingly. ITA No. 2692/Bang/2018 Page 17 of 17
26. In the result, the appeal by the Assessee is allowed. Pronounced in the open court on this 04th day of January, 2019. Sd/- Sd/- ( JASON P. BOAZ ) ( N.V. VASUDEVAN) Accountant Member VICE PRESIDENT Bangalore, Dated, the 04th January, 2019. / Desai Smurthy / Copy to:
1. The Appellant
2. The Respondent
3. The CIT
4. The CIT(A)
5. The DR, ITAT, Bangalore.
6. Guard file By order Assistant Registrar, ITAT, Bangalore.
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