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In the matter of IPO investigations M/S. Infinite Financial Services Pvt. Ltd
Structured Summary of the Provided SEBI Opinion
Factual and Procedural Background
By an ad interim ex-parte Order dated April 27, 2006, issued under section 19 read with sections 11, 11B and 11(4) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 and section 19 of the Depositories Act, 1996, SEBI issued interim directions against several market participants, including M/s. Infinite Financial Services Pvt. Ltd. (IFSPL). The interim directions included a prohibition on IFSPL opening fresh demat accounts pending enquiry and final orders.
The ad interim ex-parte Order recorded prima facie findings that IFSPL had grossly failed to adhere to Know Your Client (KYC) norms, had opened multiple demat accounts sharing common addresses (524 accounts were noted), and had facilitated cornering of the retail portion of Initial Public Offering (IPO) shares through benami / fictitious demat accounts. The ad interim Order also served as a show cause notice, provided an opportunity to inspect documents relied upon by SEBI, and offered the affected entities a chance to file objections and seek personal hearings within 15 days.
IFSPL filed preliminary submissions on May 1, 2006, inspected SEBI's documents on June 20, 2006, submitted further written submissions (including letters and affidavits dated May 1, 2006 and July 28, 2006), and was heard personally before the adjudicating authority with legal representation. An Enquiry Officer was subsequently appointed under the SEBI (Procedure for Holding Enquiry by an Enquiry Officer and Imposing Penalty) Regulations, 2002 to investigate the alleged irregularities.
Legal Issues Presented
- Whether the interim prohibition (direction) that restrained IFSPL from opening fresh demat accounts should be continued pending the enquiry and final orders.
Arguments of the Parties
SEBI's Allegations / Findings (as recorded in the ad interim ex-parte Order)
- IFSPL prima facie appeared to have grossly failed to adhere to KYC norms, facilitating opening of demat accounts sharing common addresses and cornering the retail portion of IPOs (para 1.2; 2.1).
- Around 524 demat account holders of IFSPL shared common addresses (para 2.2).
- On physical verification, a Chartered Accountant firm reported that Shri Mahesh Shah, Whole Time Director of IFSPL, acting for a key operator, used names of certain persons to open many demat accounts and provided a few common addresses to facilitate receipt of IPO allotment advices and refund orders (para 2.3; 2.4; 4.2).
- SEBI's findings included that beneficiary owners associated with Centurion Bank of Punjab Ltd. were name-lenders (benamis) and that Shri Mahesh K. Shah collected POI and POA, opened bank accounts (with his name as first name and others as joint holders) and financed margins for accounts opened with CBPL; Shri Tushar Shah and Shri Paragbhai of SEIPL were implicated as active participants (para 2.5; 2.4).
- Physical verification suggested Shri Mahesh K. Shah had used about 150 names with common addresses at a particular address in Ahmedabad for IPO applications and arranged IPO finance for such applicants; some bank accounts were opened in Shri Shah's name with a few joint names added (para 2.6).
- On the basis of such findings, SEBI issued interim directions (including the prohibition on opening fresh demat accounts) pending enquiry (para 2.7; 4.2).
- SEBI directed depositories to inspect identified DPs to verify genuineness of account holders and compliance with KYC; NSDL provided a verification report (para 4.6).
IFSPL's Submissions
- IFSPL and Shri Mahesh K. Shah (Whole Time Director) denied any connection, transactions, dealings or relationship with SEIPL or its directors (Shri Tushar Shah and Shri Paragbhai) (points i, ii, iii, vi, xiv, xv).
- IFSPL asserted that SEIPL and its directors did not have beneficiary accounts with IFSPL (point iv).
- IFSPL stated it did not have an office at Sakar I, near Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad (point v; points xiii, xiv discuss mistaken identity).
- IFSPL provided a Chartered Accountant's certificate (M/s Ashokkumar S. Gupta & Co.) asserting no transactions between IFSPL / Shri Mahesh K. Shah and SEIPL / its directors (point vi).
- IFSPL maintained that the reference to Shri Mahesh Kantilal Shah of IFSPL was a case of mistaken identity with another person (Shri Maheshbhai) who had an office at Sakar I and was employed with M/s Mehta Lodha & Co. (points vii, xiii, xiv).
- With respect to the 524 demat accounts sharing common addresses, IFSPL stated that only 66 accounts were then active and the others had been closed by Beneficial Owners prior to March 31, 2006; at its Gandhinagar branch (DPID-IN302429) there were no accounts sharing common addresses (point x).
- IFSPL contended that no major discrepancy was found by the inspecting authority regarding compliance with KYC norms and that technical lapses flagged by NSDL had been duly complied with later (points xi, xii).
- IFSPL reiterated these submissions at a personal hearing and through written submissions dated May 1, 2006 and August 4, 2006 (para 3.2; para 3.1, and para 3.2 notes representation at hearing).
Table of Precedents Cited
No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.
Court's Reasoning and Analysis
The adjudicating authority reviewed the prima facie findings recorded in the ad interim ex-parte Order and the submissions advanced by IFSPL. The authority identified four prima facie findings against IFSPL: (1) opening of 524 demat accounts with common addresses; (2) Shri Mahesh K. Shah being instrumental in opening several demat accounts with CBPL; (3) a connection/link with SEIPL (a key operator); and (4) failure to adhere to KYC norms.
The authority noted the Chartered Accountant's observations recorded in the interim Order that implicated Shri Mahesh Shah in opening benami accounts with common addresses (paras 12.56(b) and 12.56(f) as referenced). The presence of 524 multiple demat accounts sharing common addresses was treated as prima facie indicative of suspicion about the genuineness of those account holders and of potential non-compliance with KYC requirements; this was the basis for the original interim directions.
The authority then considered IFSPL's specific rebuttals: sworn affidavits asserting lack of association with SEIPL and denial of having an office at the alleged address (mistaken identity), assertions regarding account activity (66 active accounts, others closed prior to March 31, 2006), and the claim that NSDL-identified technical lapses had been remedied. The authority observed that the veracity of the claimed mistaken identity and other factual disputes should be examined in the ongoing enquiry and thus referred those aspects to the appointed Enquiry Officer.
The authority also took account of steps already ordered by SEBI for further verification (direction to depositories to inspect DPs and the NSDL verification report under examination). Given that an Enquiry Officer had been appointed and was empowered to examine the alleged irregularities, the authority concluded that, on the basis of the material on record and IFSPL's submissions, continuation of the interim prohibition on opening fresh demat accounts was not warranted at that stage.
The authority expressly framed its decision as a prima-facie assessment limited to the necessity of continuing the interim directions; all substantive issues and contentions were left open for detailed adjudication by the Enquiry Officer in subsequent proceedings.
Holding and Implications
Core Ruling: In exercise of powers under section 19 read with sections 11 and 11B of the SEBI Act, 1992, the authority directed that there is no need to continue the earlier direction restraining IFSPL from opening fresh demat accounts. (The interim prohibition on IFSPL opening fresh demat accounts is not continued.)
Immediate Effect: The Order came into force with immediate effect (para 5.3).
Consequences and Scope: The Order is presented as a prima-facie determination only with respect to the necessity of continuing interim directions. All substantive issues, factual disputes (including alleged links with SEIPL, the question of mistaken identity, the genuineness of account holders, and alleged KYC lapses) were expressly left open for inquiry and determination by the Enquiry Officer appointed under the SEBI enquiry regulations. The opinion does not purport to set any broader legal precedent; it limits itself to the direct effect on the parties and reserves full adjudication to subsequent enquiry proceedings.
Place and date as recorded in the order: Mumbai, dated 25.01.2007. Ordered and signed by T. C. Nair, Whole-Time Member, Securities and Exchange Board of India (as per the provided opinion).
(UNDER SECTIONS 11 AND 11B OF SEBI ACT, 1992) 1.0 Background 1.1 By an ad interim ex-parte Order dated April 27, 2006 under section 19 read with sections 11, 11B and 11(4) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 and section 19 of the Depositories Act, 1996 pending enquiry and passing final Order, certain interim directions were issued against various market participants including M/s. Infinite Financial Services Pvt. Ltd. (hereinafter referred as IFSPL). 1.2 The ad interim ex-parte Order dated April 27, 2006 states that IFSPL, Depository Participant (hereinafter referred to as DP) of National Securities Depository Ltd (hereinafter referred to as NSDL) prima facie appears to have grossly failed in adhering to the Know Your Client (hereinafter referred to as KYC) norms laid down by SEBI, thereby facilitating opening of demat accounts sharing common addresses thereby cornering the retail portion of shares in Initial Public Offering (hereinafter referred to as IPO). In view of the above preliminary finding, IFSPL was directed not to open fresh demat accounts till further directions. 1.3 Para 17.18 of the ad interim ex-parte Order dated April 27, 2006, stated that the said Order shall be treated as show cause notice against the concerned entities named therein including IFSPL. These entities were given an opportunity for filing their objections, if any, to the Order within 15 days from the date of the Order and if they so desire, avail themselves of an opportunity of personal hearing at the SEBI Head Office, Mumbai within 15 days from the date of the Order. They were also given an opportunity to avail the facility to inspect the relevant documents relied upon by the SEBI against them, prior to hearing. 2.0 Findings regarding IFSPL in SEBIs ad interim ex-parte Order 2.1 The focus of the SEBI investigations has been on entities indulging in off-market transactions after allotment of shares but prior to listing and commencement of trading on the stock exchanges, in connection with cornering of IPO shares in retail segment through benami / fictitious demat accounts. 2.2 At paragraph 9.11 of the Order, it has been mentioned that around 524 demat account holders of IFSPL shared common addresses. 2.3 At para 12.56 of the ex-parte Order, it is stated that on physical verification done by the Chartered Accountant (CA) firm it was found that Shri Mahesh Shah, Whole Time Director of IFSPL acted on behalf of one of the Key Operators had used the names of certain persons to open many demat accounts and had given few common addresses to facilitate receipt of IPO allotment advices and refund orders. 2.4 At para 12.56 (b) of the Order, it is stated that the Beneficiary Owners (hereinafter referred to as BOs) of Centurion Bank of Punjab Limited (hereinafter referred to as CBPL) were only name lenders (benamis) to the IPO issues. Shri Mahesh Shah, Director of IFSPL acting on behalf of one of the key operators, has informed that they had used the names of certain persons to open many demat accounts and had given few common addresses to facilitate receipt of IPO allotment advices and refund orders. Shri Mahesh Shah also indicated the involvement of Shri Tushar Shah and Shri Paragbhai, who are the directors of a key operator viz. SEIPL. 2.5 At table 12.56 (f) of the Order, it is stated that Shri Mahesh K Shah, Whole Time Director had opened the account of various BOs with CBPL by collecting their Proof of Identity (POI) and Proof of Address (POA) and further opened their bank accounts with his name as first name and others as joint holder in Apni Sahakari Bank Ltd., Ahmedabad. Further Shri Mahesh Shah opened accounts in various names for benefits he could derive from them and financed the margins for the funding of accounts opened with CBPL. Shri Tushar Shah and Shri Paragbhai of Sugandh Estate Investment Private Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as SEIPL) were active participants in his activities. Shri Mahesh Shah had collected voter IDs and other related documents from the dwellers and had opened demat accounts with CBPL in their names. 2.6 At para 12.62 of the ex-arte Order, it is stated that on physical verification conducted by SEBI of demat clients of CBPL sharing common addresses, it was found that Shri Mahesh K. Shah had used about 150 names with common addresses at 85-88, City Centre, CG Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad for making applications in various IPOs such as IDFC, Kernex, Suzlon, ICICI etc. Shri Shah had arranged the IPO finance for the above applicants and that the bank account of the clients were either opened by him or introduced by him. Further analysis of some bank statements of the clients with Apni Sahakari Bank Ltd. revealed that the accounts were opened in the names of Shri Shah and that about three names were added to the account as joint names. 2.7 In view of the above findings in the Order, directions as mentioned at Para 1.2 above were issued to IFSPL. 3.0 Reply of IFSPL and Oral Submissions 3.1 IFSPL filed its preliminary submissions to the Order cum show cause notice on May 1, 2006. It also availed of the opportunity given to inspect the documents relied upon by SEBI on June 20, 2006. The submissions made by IFSPL in the aforesaid letters are as under:
i. IFSPL nor Shri Mahesh K. Shah nor his family members had any connection with SEIPL or any of its directors including Shri Tushar Shah and Shri Paragbhai.
ii. IFSPL nor Shri Mahesh K. Shah nor his family members had any transactions pertaining to finance or securities with SEIPL or any of its directors.
iii. IFSPL and Shri Mahesh K. Shah have no direct or indirect dealings / relationship with the key operator SEIPL or its directors Shri Tushar Shah and Shri Paragbhai.
iv. SEIPL nor Tushar H. Shah nor Shri Paragbhai have beneficiary accounts with IFSPL (DPID - IN 301661) and with their branch office at Gandhinagar (DPID-IN 302429).
v. IFSPL / Shri Mahesh K. Shah does not have an office at Sakar 1, near Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad.
vi. IFSPL nor Shri Mahesh K Shah, director of IFSPL had any transaction with Shri Tushar Shah, Shri Paragbhai, directors of SEIPL and SEIPL. IFSPL has annexed a certificate of Chartered Accountant firm, M/s Ashokkumar S. Gupta & Co. to the effect.
vii. It is a question of mistaken identity with Shri Mahesh Kantilal Shah, director of IFSPL having office at 85-88, City Centre, C.G. Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad - 9 and Shri Maheshbhai having at Sakar -1, Near Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad.
viii. IFSPL / Shri Mahesh K. Shah, director of IFSPL is not directly or indirectly connected with and does not have any transactions / dealings with any of the 24 key operators and 85 financiers mentioned in the Order.
ix. None of the key operators and financiers have any BO accounts with DP of IFSPL.
x. As regards number of demat account holder having common addresses : a. Out of 524 accounts with IFSPL DP (DPID-IN301661) sharing common addresses, 66 accounts are active and other accounts have been closed by BOs prior to March 31, 2006. b. IFSPL at their branch office at Gandhinagar under a separate DP ID (IN302429) number of account sharing addresses (more than 20) was nil. c. Further IFSPL does not have DP except a branch with direct connectivity to NSDL.
xi. There is no material or major discrepancy found by the inspecting authority so far as compliance of KYC norms were concerned.
xii. The technical lapses which were brought out by NSDL during the inspection were duly and properly complied with at a later stage.
xiii. With respect to Shri Mahesh K Shah, Whole Time Director being instrumental in opening several demat accounts with CBPL, the concerned Chartered Accountant (CA) appointed by SEBI found that some alleged conversation took place between one lady and the branch head of the CBPL, Ahmedabad Branch. The said conversation is completely devoid of particulars and authenticity. Neither IFSPL nor Mr. Mahesh k Shah owns or posses and or occupies any office premises at Sarkar I, nor do they operate in any manner whatsoever from any of the premises situated at Sarkar I, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad.
xiv. A detailed enquiry conducted by IFSPL indicated that there existed one Shri Maheshbhai in Sarkar I, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad who had his office address as 105, Sarkar I, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad and he is employed with M/s Mehta Lodha & Co and the same firm was having office at the aforesaid address. This indicated that Shri Mahesh K Shah, Whole Time Director of IFSPL had been wrongly projected as Shri Maheshbhai who is alleged to have been instrumental in opening the demat account with CBPL.
xv. IFSPL denied of having any direct nexus with SEIPL or any of its directors. 3.2 IFSPL was given an opportunity of personal hearing before me and it was represented by Shri Sanjay Mehta, Advocate, Shri Mahesh K Shah, Whole Time Director and Shri Anish Kharidia, Company Secretary. The submissions made by IFSPL vide its letter dated May 01, 2006 were reiterated. Besides, they also handed over written submissions vide letter dated August 04, 2006 and the same are considered. 4.0 Consideration of the issues 4.1 I have carefully considered the prima facie findings as recorded in the ad interim ex-parte Order and the submissions made by IFSPL. I have noted that there are four prima facie findings against IFSPL, i.e. opening of 524 demat accounts with common addresses, Shri Mahesh K Shah, Whole Time Director was instrumental in opening several demat accounts with CBPL and connection/ link with SEIPL, one of the key operators and failure to adhere to KYC norms. 4.2 At the outset, I have noted that J. Jayaraman, CA firm appointed by SEBI made a serious observation at para 12.56 (b) of the interim ex-parte Order that Shri Mahesh Shah, Director of IFSPL acting on behalf of one of the Key Operators, namely SEIPL has opened benami accounts with common addresses with CBPL. Further, at table 12.56 (f) of the said Order, it was also stated that Shri Mahesh K Shah had collected voter IDs and other related documents from the dwellers and had opened demat accounts with CBPL in their names. It has also been noted that 524 multiple demat accounts sharing common addresses were also opened with IFSPL which prima facie lead to the suspicion regarding the genuineness of these account holders and accordingly the ad interim ex parte Order was passed against IFSPL directing it not to open fresh demat accounts pending enquiry and passing of final Orders. 4.3 Shri Mahesh K. Shah, during the course of hearing before me clarified that he is not the same person as indicated in the interim Order and it is a mistaken identity. In this regard, he has submitted two affidavits dated May 1, 2006 and July 28, 2006 which state as under:
i. IFSPL / Mahesh K. Shah have or neither had any connection or association with SEIPL or any of its directors including Tushar H. Shah and Mr. Paragbhai.
ii. SEIPL nor Mr. Tushar H Shah nor Mr. Paragbhai had beneficiary accounts with IFSPL and with our branch office at Gandhinagar.
iii. IFSPL /Mahesh K Shah does not have an office at Sakar I, near Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad.
iv. IFSPL / Mahesh K Shah have never had any transactions pertaining to finance or securities with SEIPL or any of its directors. 4.4 Taking into consideration the above submissions of IFSPL, it is necessary to examine the veracity of his claim. In view of the fact that enquiry proceedings have been initiated against IFSPL and are in progress, this aspect may be examined by the Enquiry Officer. 4.5 As regards the opening of 524 demat accounts sharing common addresses, IFSPL submitted that they have currently 66 active accounts and other accounts have been closed by the BOs prior to March 31, 2006. Further IFSPL at its branch office at Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad had nil number of accounts sharing common addresses and there was no DP except for its branch connectivity to NSDL. It is on record that IFSPL had opened 524 demat accounts with common address which prima facie indicated that IFSPL may have failed to comply with the KYC norms laid down by SEBI in terms of exercising due diligence to establish the identity of the clients as prescribed in SEBI circulars dated August 4, 2000 and August 24, 2004. The DPs which prima facie appeared to have failed in adhering to the Know Your Client norms laid down by SEBI and thereby facilitating opening of demat accounts in fictitious / benami names and cornering the retail portion of IPO shares have been asked not to open fresh demat accounts till further directions. 4.6 Further, I have noted that at para 17.10 of the ex-parte Order, SEBI had directed Depositories to conduct inspection of DPs identified in Order to verify whether all the account holders of the DPs referred at para 17.9 of the Order are genuine and KYC norms laid down by SEBI have been complied with. In this connection, NSDL vide its letter dated June 12, 2006 submitted their verification report which is under examination by the Enquiry Officer. 4.6 I have noted that an Enquiry Officer has already been appointed under the SEBI (Procedure for Holding Enquiry by an Enquiry Officer and Imposing Penalty) Regulations, 2002, to enquire into the irregularities observed against IFSPL. I am, therefore of the view that issues, if any, shall be taken up by him and necessary action may be taken against IFSPL, if it is found guilty of violating any regulations of SEBI. In the meantime, based on the material available on record and the submissions made by IFSPL, I am of the view that interim prohibition stated in para 17.9 of the ex parte Order on IFSPL may not be required to be continued. 5.0 Order 5.1 In view of the above, I, in exercise of the powers conferred upon me in terms of section 19 read with section 11 and 11B of SEBI Act, 1992, hereby direct that there is no need to continue with the directions issued to IFSPL not to open fresh demat accounts. 5.2 It is clarified that the present Order gives only a prima-facie finding as to the necessity of passing the above directions at this stage and accordingly all issues and contentions are left open to be decided by the Enquiry Officer in subsequent proceedings pursuant to his report. 5.3 This order shall come into force with immediate effect.
| PLACE: MUMBAIDATE: 25.01.2007 | T .C. NAIRWHOLE-TIME MEMBERSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA |
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