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Daler Singh v. District Food & Supplies Controller

Punjab & Haryana High Court
Aug 19, 2009
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Structured Summary of the Opinion (Vinod K. Sharma, J.)

Factual and Procedural Background

The petitioner invoked the jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 227 of the Constitution of India to challenge the order dated 8.4.2008 passed by the Additional District Judge, Kurukshetra. That impugned order related to an application under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 seeking to set aside an arbitral award dated 19.10.2006.

Along with the Section 34 application, the petitioner moved an application for condonation of delay, alleging that the award had been passed ex parte without notice and that he was admitted in PGI, Chandigarh, which prevented him from filing objections within time. The respondent (State) opposed the condonation application on the ground that objections under Section 34 must be filed within three months and relied on the proposition that provisions of Section 5 of the Limitation Act are not applicable to Section 34 applications under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. The learned Additional District Judge dismissed the condonation application and refused to entertain the objections as time-barred; the petitioner challenged that dismissal by way of revision under Article 227.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the application under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 could be entertained after the statutory period (three months) by invoking Section 5 of the Limitation Act for condonation of delay.
  2. Whether the arbitral award of 19.10.2006 was ex parte without notice to the petitioner as alleged.
  3. Whether there existed a valid arbitration agreement between the parties (in particular, whether Clause 7 of the contract constituted an arbitration clause and whether the agreement was signed by the petitioner).

Arguments of the Parties

Petitioner's Arguments

  • The award dated 19.10.2006 was passed ex parte, and the petitioner received no notice of the arbitration proceedings or of the award.
  • The petitioner was admitted in PGI, Chandigarh, and due to that medical admission could not file objections under Section 34 within the prescribed period; therefore, condonation of delay under the Limitation Act should be granted.
  • The petitioner contended that Section 5 of the Limitation Act was applicable (implicitly seeking condonation) and relied on the decision in National Aluminium Co. Ltd. v. Pressteel & Fabrications (P) Ltd. (2004).
  • The award was void ab initio for want of a valid arbitration agreement: there was no signed agreement or arbitration clause that could confer jurisdiction on the Arbitrator. Reliance was placed on Jayant N. Sheth v. Gyneshwar Apartment Co-op Housing Society Ltd. (Bombay High Court).
  • Clause 7 of the agreement did not constitute an arbitration clause because it nominated the Director Food and Supplies, Haryana, 'acting as such', and the petitioner argued that this did not amount to a nomination of an arbitrator.
  • The petitioner relied upon a judgment of this Court (Harbans Singh v. Punjab National Bank, 2003) to argue that objections should have been decided on merits despite the delay.

Respondent's Arguments

  • The time limit under Section 34 of the Act to file objections is three months; the petitioner's objections were filed after one year and three months from the date of the award.
  • Provisions of Section 5 of the Limitation Act are not applicable to applications under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act; reliance was placed on the Supreme Court decision in Union of India v. Popular Construction Co..
  • Because Section 5 is not applicable there is no provision to condone delay beyond the stipulated period, and the condonation application should be dismissed.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
National Aluminium Co. Ltd. v. Pressteel & Fabrications (P) Ltd., 2004 (1) RCR (Civil) 511; 2004 (1) SCC 540 Relied on by petitioner to support applicability of Limitation Act concepts to arbitration proceedings; noted by court that the case gave benefit of Section 14 of the Limitation Act (extension) but did not hold Section 5 could be invoked to condone delay. The court held the Additional District Judge was correct not to rely on this decision to permit condonation under Section 5; in that case benefit under Section 14 was relevant, but Section 5 was not held to be available for condonation in Section 34 proceedings.
Union of India v. Popular Construction Co., (2001) 8 SCC 470 : AIR 2001 SC 4010 (also reported 2002 (1) RCR (Civil) 124) Held that provisions of Section 5 of the Limitation Act are not applicable to applications under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. The Additional District Judge relied on this authoritative pronouncement to conclude that Section 5 cannot be invoked and therefore condonation of delay under Section 5 was not available; the High Court upheld that conclusion.
Harbans Singh v. Punjab National Bank, 2003 (1) PLR 99 Relied on by petitioner to argue objections should be considered on merits despite delay. The court rejected this contention as misconceived, noting that if Section 5 is not applicable then the question of condonation does not arise; therefore Harbans Singh did not assist to bypass the limitation bar in Section 34 proceedings.
Jayant N. Sheth v. Gyneshwar Apartment Co-op Housing Society Ltd., 1999 (2) Arb. LR 115 (Bombay) Relied on by petitioner for proposition that arbitration agreement not signed by parties cannot confer jurisdiction. The court treated reliance as misconceived: the cited judgment states an understanding alone cannot amount to an arbitration agreement, but the present case involved a written contract (Annexure P-1) bearing the petitioner's signature, so the Jayant Sheth ratio did not help the petitioner.
Smita Conductors Ltd. v. Euro Alloys Ltd., 2001 (7) SCC 728 Referenced by petitioner in support of argument regarding arbitration agreement formation. The court said reliance on this and other similar decisions was misconceived and in particular noted that subsequent authorities (e.g., Unissi v. PGI) went against petitioner's stance.
Great Offshore Ltd. v. Iranian Offshore Engineering & Construction Company, 2009 (2) RCR (Civil) 390 : 2009 (2) RAJ 437 : JT 2008 (9) SC 339 Referenced by petitioner on arbitration agreement issues. The court treated such reliance as misconceived in the factual matrix of the present case.
Unissi (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, 2008 (4) RCR (Civil) 678 : 2008 (6) RAJ 43 : JT 2008 (11) SC 89 Shows that an arbitration agreement may exist even if one party has not signed the agreement, when parties have acted upon the contract and an arbitration clause was contained in accepted tender documents. The court relied on this decision to hold against the petitioner: that despite signatures or formalities, where parties act on contract containing an arbitration clause an arbitration agreement may be held to exist; in the present case Annexure P-1 bore the petitioner's signature.
Owners & Parties v. State Trading Corporation, (2001) 6 Supreme 282 Principle of interpretation: give effect to incorporation clause and avoid invalidating it by pedantic or purely technical readings; ascertain parties' intention to uphold arbitration clause where possible. The court invoked this interpretive approach when construing Clause 7 of the agreement: Clause 7, read purposively, constituted an arbitration clause and named the Director (or his nominee) whose decision would be final.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The court proceeded through distinct strands of analysis, applying documentary record and relevant authorities strictly as recorded in the opinion.

  1. On the allegation of ex parte award/no notice:

    The court examined the arbitral proceedings' record. It noted that the petitioner was present and signed receipt of notice on 20.5.2003 and attended on subsequent dates (4.7.2003 where he signed an order offering to deposit Rs. 50,000; deposits and further agreed instalments were recorded). Counsel appeared on several dates in 2004–2006. On dates where neither petitioner nor counsel attended, ex parte proceedings were ordered on 4.10.2006 and the ex parte award was rendered on 19.10.2006. On this basis the court found the petitioner's plea of non-notice to be "ridiculous" and rejected it. This conclusion rested on the contemporaneous arbitration record showing presence, signatures, and participatory acts by the petitioner and/or his counsel.

  2. On condonation of delay and applicability of the Limitation Act:

    The court accepted the view of the Additional District Judge that the Supreme Court's decision in Union of India v. Popular Construction Co. lays down that Section 5 of the Limitation Act is not applicable to applications under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act; therefore, condonation under Section 5 cannot be invoked to extend the three-month limitation period prescribed by Section 34. The court further explained that National Aluminium (relied on by petitioner) did not hold that Section 5 could be invoked; rather that case gave benefit of Section 14 (extension of limitation) in its circumstances. The court emphasized that Section 14 does not empower courts to condone delay but only permits consideration of certain periods as within limitation in appropriate cases. Because the petitioner failed to prove the asserted medical admission at PGI, the pleaded ground for condonation was not accepted. Overall, the court found no error in the learned Additional District Judge's denial of condonation and dismissal of the belated Section 34 objections as time-barred.

  3. On the existence and validity of the arbitration agreement (Clause 7):

    The petitioner argued there was no valid arbitration agreement — asserting absence of signature and contending Clause 7 did not nominate an arbitrator but merely stated the Director would act 'as such'. The court reviewed Clause 7 (quoted in the opinion) and applied interpretive principles (citing Owners & Parties v. State Trading Corporation) to determine parties' intention and give effect to the incorporation clause. The court identified the necessary ingredients of an arbitration clause: (i) a clause contemplating a binding decision by an arbitrator; (ii) arbitral jurisdiction derived from consent or statute; (iii) constitution of the arbitral tribunal by agreement; and (iv) finality/enforceability of the arbitrator's decision. The court construed "Director Food and Supplies, Haryana acting as such at the time of reference or such other person as Director Food and Supplies Haryana may by general or special order nominate" to mean that the serving Director at the time of reference (or his nominee) would act as arbitrator and that the parties had thereby agreed to refer disputes to that officer (or nominee) and make his decision final. The court further noted Annexure P-1 bore the petitioner's signature, rebutting the petitioner's assertion of no signature. The court also relied on Unissi v. PGI to show that an arbitration agreement can be held to exist even where one party has not formally executed the agreement if the parties acted upon the contract and an arbitration clause was part of accepted tender/contract documents. Applying these principles, the court concluded Clause 7 satisfied the ingredients of an arbitration clause and rejected the petitioner's challenge to the arbitrator's jurisdiction and the claim that the award was void ab initio.

Holding and Implications

Holding: The revision petition was dismissed. The court affirmed the Additional District Judge's conclusions: (a) the contention that the award was ex parte for want of notice was rejected on record; (b) Section 5 of the Limitation Act is not available to condone delay in filing objections under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act (relying on Union of India v. Popular Construction Co.); and (c) Clause 7 of the agreement constituted a valid arbitration clause and the arbitration agreement existed (Annexure P-1 bore the petitioner's signature).

Implications:

  • Direct effect on the parties: The petitioner's challenge to the Additional District Judge's order was unsuccessful; the application for condonation of delay was dismissed and the belated objections under Section 34 were not entertained. The arbitral award dated 19.10.2006 was not set aside on the grounds advanced in this revision.
  • Broader precedent implications: The court applied existing Supreme Court authority (notably Union of India v. Popular Construction Co. and Unissi v. PGI) to determine the inapplicability of Section 5 of the Limitation Act to Section 34 proceedings and to interpret the scope of arbitration agreements; the opinion does not purport to lay down a new legal principle beyond the application of those precedents. Therefore, no new precedent was announced by this decision.
Revision dismissed.

This summary is strictly based on the content of the provided opinion and does not add or infer information beyond the text of that opinion.

Show all summary ...

Vinod K. Sharma, J.:— The petitioner has invoked the jurisdiction of this Court under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, to challenge the order dated 8.4.200.8 passed by the learned Additional District Judge. Kurukshetra, on an application filed under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Act’), for setting aside the award dated 19.10.2006

2. Along with the application, the petitioner moved an application for condonation of delay in filing the application under Section 34 of the Act. The petitioner pleaded, that the award dated 19.10.2006 was passed by the Arbitrator ex parte, and that no notice was issued to the petitioner with regard to arbitration proceedings. Even after passing of the award, no notice was issued to him. The case of the petitioner was that he was admitted in PGI, Chandigarh, and, therefore, could not file application under Section 34, after the receipt of notice of execution. It was pleaded, that there is sufficient ground for condonation of delay to file objections under Section 34 of the Act.

3. The application was contested by the learned Government pleader on the assertion that the time limit for filing objections against the award of Arbitrator is three months, but the objections have been filed after the expiry of one year and three months from the date of passing of award. It was the case of the respondent, that as per provisions of Section 34 of the Act, if objections are not filed within a period of three months, the objections cannot be entertained after expiry of period of limitation. It was also the case of the respondent, that so far as filing of the application under Section 5 of the Limitation Act was concerned, the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 is a separate statute and provisions of the Limitation Act are not application. It was also the contention of the learned counsel for the State, that as there is no provision for condonation of delay in filing objections beyond stipulated period. The application for condonation of delay, therefore, deserved to be dismissed.

4. The petitioner placed reliance on the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in National Aluminium Co. Ltd. v. Pressteel & Fabrications (P) Ltd., 2004 (1) RCR (Civil) 511; 2004 (1) Supreme Court Cases 540, whereas respondent placed reliance on the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Union Of India v. Popular Construction Co.., 2002 (1) RCR (Civil) 124 : (2001) 8 SCC 470 : AIR 2001 SC 4010.

5. The plea of the petitioner, that the award was ex parte without notice to the petitioner, was not accepted, as the proceedings of the Arbitrator showed that on 20.5.2003, the petitioner was present before the Arbitrator, and he had also signed the receipt of notice. He also noted the next date as 25.6.2003 On 4.7.2003, the petitioner appeared before the Arbitrator and offered to deposit a sum of Rs. 50,000/- (Rupees fifty thousand only) on 14.3.2003 The said order was also signed by the petitioner. The petitioner deposited a sum of Rs. 50,000/- (Rupees fifty thousand only) and agreed to deposit the second installment on or before 28.11.2003 On 28.11.2003 again the petitioner agreed to deposit a sum of Rs. 89,000/- (Rupees eighty nine thousand only). The next date was fixed 30.12.2003 On 9.9.2004, Sh. Varun Gupta, Advocate, appeared on behalf of the petitioner. Counsel for the petitioner thereafter appeared on 29.7.2005, 21.9.2005, 21.11.2005, 6.1.2005, 20.3.2006 and 2.5.2006: But on the remaining dates neither the petitioner nor his counsel appeared before the Arbitrator and ex parte proceeding's were, therefore, ordered on 4.10.2006 Thereafter on 19.10.2006, ex parte award was given. The plea of the petitioner, that he had no notice of arbitration proceedings was, therefore, held to be ridiculous.

6. The learned Additional District Judge also held, that the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Union Of India v. Popular Construction Co.., (supra) has been pleased to lay down that the provisions of Section 5 of the Limitation Act were not applicable to the application challenging an award under Section 34 of the Act and, therefore, the sufficiency for not filing within the period stipulated could not be entertained. The learned Additional District Judge was also right in not placing reliance on the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in National Aluminium Co. Ltd. v. Pressteel & Fabrications (P) Ltd. (supra), as in the said case, the Hon'ble Supreme Court did not hold that Section 5 of the Limitation Act could be invoked for condonation of delay. That was a case where benefit of Section 14 of the Limitation Act was given to the parties to hold that the objections filed were within the limitation. The learned Court further noticed, that even the ground pleaded for condonation of delay could not be accepted, as no proof of his admission in PGI was placed on record. The Court held that it could not be accepted, that the petitioner remained admitted in PGI, Chandigarh, w.e.f 2.2.2007 or w.e.f 25.9.2007 till 31.1.2008

7. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner contended, that the learned Additional District Judge, Kurukshetra, committed an error in holding, that Section 5 of the Limitation Act was not applicable by ignoring that the Hon'ble Supreme Court in National Aluminium Co. Ltd. v. Pressteel & Fabrications (P) Ltd. (supra) had allowed the benefit of Section 14 of the Limitation Act, therefore, it was held that the Limitation Act was applicable to arbitration proceedings.

8. This contention on the face of it is mis-conceived. Section 14 of the Limitation Act does not give power to the Court to condone the delay, but only permits extension of limitation prescribed under the statute by giving benefit to the party bona fide prosecuting remedy in the Court. Therefore, in view of the authoritative pronouncement of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Union Of India v. Popular Construction Co.., (supra), no fault can be found with the finding recorded by the learned Additional District Judge, in dismissing the application moved for condonation of delay.

9. The learned counsel for the petitioner thereafter contended that in view of the law laid down by this Court in Harbans Singh v. Punjab National Bank, 2003 (1) PLR 99, the objections should have been decided on merits as the petitioner was not to gain anything by filing the objections late.

10. This contention is again mis-conceived. Once, the provisions of Section 5 of the Limitation Act are not applicable, the question of condonation of delay did not arise at all.

11. The learned counsel for the petitioner also contended, that the award passed by the learned Arbitrator was liable to set aside in exercise of jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, as there was no agreement signed by the parties nor there was any arbitration clause which could give jurisdiction to the Arbitrator to pass the award, therefore, the award was void ab initio.

12. The learned counsel for the petitioner placed reliance on the judgment of the Hon'ble Bombay High Court in Jayant N. Sheth, Proprietor Struct Mast Engineers v. Gyneshwar Apartment Cooperative Housing Society Ltd., 1999 (2) Arb. LR 115 (Bombay), to contend that the arbitration agreement which is not signed by the parties cannot give jurisdiction to Arbitrator to adjudicate the matter.

13. Reliance by the learned counsel for the petitioner on the judgment of the Hon'ble Bombay High Court is totally mis-conceived. The Hon'ble Bombay High Court in Jayant N. Sheth, Proprietor Struct Mast Engineers v. Gyneshwar Apartment Co-op Housing Society Ltd. (supra), has been pleased to lay down as under:—

“There is no arbitration agreement in the form of an arbitration clause in a contract or in the form of separate agreement in writing. Nor is it the case of the petitioner that there is an exchange of letter, telex telegrams or other means of telecommunication or an exchange of statements of claim and defence in which the existence of the agreement is alleged by one party and not denied by the other party. What is claimed by the petitioner is that there was an understanding between the parties to enter i to an arbitration agreement. Obviously, such an under-standing, even if there be any, cannot be construed as an arbitration agreement within the meaning of Section 2(1)(b) read with Section 7 of the Act.”

14. In the present case, the arbitration agreement was not said to be on oral, but was part of contract entered into between the parties. The plea of the petitioner that he has not signed the agreement also stood belied, as the agreement Annexure P-1 was duly signed by the petitioner. The agreement was shown to the Court by the respondent, which bore the signatures of the petitioner, therefore, the reliance of the petitioner on the judgments of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Smita Conductors Ltd. v. Euro Alloys Ltd., 2001 (7) Supreme Court Cases 728, Great Offshore Ltd. v. Iranian Offshore Engineering & Construction Company, 2009 (2) RCR (Civil) 390 : 2009 (2) RAJ 437 : JT 2008 (9) SC 339, Unissi (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, 2008 (4) RCR (Civil) 678 : 2008 (6) RAJ 43 : JT 2008 (11) SC 89, is also totally mis-conceived. Rather the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Unissi (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (supra) goes against the petitioner. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the said case has been pleased to lay down as under:—

“A tender enquiry NO. 2PGI/OGL/2K/6281 dated 21.12.2000 for purchase of Pulse Oxymeters was floated by the PGI. It is an admitted position that the appellant submitted their tender vide their offer No. UIPL/331177/00-01 dated 15.2.2001 The tender of the appellant was accepted by the PGI vide their letter No. PGI/P-61/02/477/11936-51 dated 29.09.2002 for supplying 41 Pulse Oxymeters to their different departments. The tender documents itself contain an arbitration clause and by reason of acceptance of the tender of the appellant by the PGI, it must be held that there was a valid arbitration agreement between the parties. The appellant supplied 41 Pulse Oxymeters and the receipt thereof was duly acknowledged on behalf of the PGI on the delivery challans. The service/installation reports of the aforesaid meshines were duly signed on behalf of the PGI. In the letters issued by the PGI, there was an apparent acknowledgement of supply of the aforesaid meters by the appellant and also reference to the aforementioned tender enquiry number. It is an admitted position that the appellant had sent the agreement containing the arbitration clause, as per the format provided by the PGI, after duly signing the same on requisite value of stamp paper for signing of the same by PGI. The PGI though admittedly received the same, did not send back the agreement to the appellant after signing it as per agreement between the parties. The PGI admittedly had used the machines for about an year and thereafter returned the same to the appellant. Subsequently, the bank guarantee furnished by the appellant for Rs. 2,13,160/- and the earnest money deposit of Rs. 45,000/- was encashed and forfeited by the PGI. In view of the aforesaid facts and the correspondences between the parties, particularly the tender offer made by the appellant dated 15.1.2001 and supply order of the PGI dated 29.9.2002, and, in our view, to constitute an arbitration agreement between the parties and the action taken on behalf of the appellant and in view of Section 7 of the Act and considering the principles laid down by the aforesaid two decisions of this Court, as noted herein earlier, we are of the view that the arbitration agreement did exist and therefore the matter should be referred to an Arbitrator for decision. That apart, as we have already noted herein earlier that in this case, the documents on record, in our view, apparently show supply of materials by the appellant and acceptance thereof by the PGI in pursuance of the tender enquiry by the PGI, wherein tender of the appellant containing an arbitration clause was admittedly accepted by the respondent. In that view of the matter, it cannot be said that the PGI should now be allowed to wriggle out from the arbitration agreement between them. Although no formal agreement was executed, the tender documents indicating certain conditions of contract contained an arbitration clause. It is also an admitted position that the appellant gave his tender offer which was accepted and the appellant acted upon it. The learned Additional District Judge, Chandigarh erred in holding that their did not exist any arbitration agreement between the parties and therefore, the order passed by him is liable to be set aside.”

15. The reading of the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court shows, that in spite of the fact that if one of the parties has not signed the agreement, the arbitration agreement was said to be valid, as the parties had acted upon the contract.

16. Learned counsel for the petitioner also contended, that Clause 7 of the agreement executed between the parties could not be said to be an arbitration clause, as the Director Food and Supplies, Haryana, was not nominated as Arbitrator, as he was to act as such. Clause 7 of the agreement reads as under:—

“Except as otherwise provided, any dispute arising out of the terms of the agreement or their interpretation shall be referred to the Director Food and Supplies Haryana acting as such at the time of reference or such other person as Director Food and Supplies Haryana may by general or special order nominate in this behalf and his decision shall be final on both the parties.”

17. In order to find out whether a clause in the contract constituted an arbitration agreement, what is required to be seen is (i) that the clause must contemplate that the decision of the Arbitrator would be binding on the parties (ii) that the Arbitrator derive its jurisdiction either from the consent of the parties or from an order of the Court or from the statute, the terms of which must be clear that the process is to be by arbitration. The arbitral tribunal should be constituted by agreement, and further that the decision of the arbitral tribunal should be final and enforceable in law. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in The Owners & Parties v. State Trading Corpn., (2001) 6 Supreme 282 was pleased to lay down as under:—

“While ascertaining the intention of the parties, attempt should be made to give meaning to the incorporation clause and to give effect to the same and not to invalidate or frustrate it giving a literal pedantic and technical reading of the clause.”

18. If the Clause 7 is read by following the rule of interpretation, it would be seen that the parties by agreement provided that any dispute arising out of the terms of the agreement or their interpretation was agreement to be referred to the Director Food and Supplies, Haryana, acting as such at the time of reference or such other person as Director Food and Supplies Haryana may by general or special order nominate in this behalf and his decision shall be final on both the parties.

19. The contention of the learned counsel for the petitioner that the word ‘acting as such’ was to mean that he was to act as Director Food and Supplies. Haryana, is totally mis-conceived.

20. The correct interpretation is, that Director Food and Supplies, Haryana, who is acting as such on the date of reference is to act as an Arbitrator. The parties further agreed to give him powers to nominate any other person to act as an Arbitrator.

21. The ingredients of arbitration clause, therefore, are fulfilled in Clause 7 of the agreement executed between the parties.

22. The contention of the learned counsel for the petitioner that there was no arbitration agreement between the parties, is totally misconceived and deserves to be rejected.

23. No merit.

24. Dismissed.

Revision dismissed.