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Shanta Bai Devarao v. Commissioner Of Income-Tax, Bangalore.
Comprehensive Summary of the Opinion (Hegde, J.)
Factual and Procedural Background
The petitioner filed I.T.A. No. 7971 of 1956–57 before the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal (Hyderabad Bench). That appeal was dismissed on August 7, 1958, and the Tribunal's order was served on the petitioner on August 16, 1958. The last date for filing a reference application under section 66(1) was October 15, 1958. The petitioner posted his application on October 14, 1958, but it was received by the Tribunal on October 17, 1958. The Tribunal rejected the application as time-barred. This opinion is an application to the High Court under section 66(3) of the Indian Income-tax Act challenging that rejection.
Legal Issues Presented
- Whether an application under section 66(1) of the Income-tax Act is to be regarded as "made" at the time it is posted (i.e., when the applicant puts the application in the post) or only when it is presented/received by the Tribunal within the period of limitation.
- Whether, alternatively, the High Court has power under section 66(3) to direct the Appellate Tribunal to treat an application under section 66(1) as having been made within the time allowed, effectively permitting condonation of delay by the High Court when the Tribunal has rejected the application as time-barred.
Arguments of the Parties
Petitioner's Arguments (as presented in the opinion)
- The petitioner, through Sri Vijayarangam, argued that the application must be deemed to have been "made" on the date it was posted (the petitioner posted on October 14, 1958), so the application was within the sixty-day limitation period set out in section 66(1).
- In the alternative, the petitioner argued that even if the application had not in fact been "made" within time, the High Court has power under section 66(3) to direct the Tribunal to treat the application as having been made within the prescribed time (i.e., the High Court can effectively cure the delay by directing the Tribunal to treat it as within time).
The opinion does not set out a detailed account of any opposing party's submissions beyond the Tribunal's factual decision to reject the application as time-barred.
Table of Precedents Cited
| Precedent | Rule or Principle Cited For | Application by the Court |
|---|---|---|
| Sri Popsing Rice Mill v. Commissioner of Income-tax [1949] 17 I.T.R. 420 | The Orissa High Court held that, reading section 66(1) in light of rule 7 of the Appellate Tribunal Rules, sending an application by registered post could be construed as "making" the application and that time taken in transmission should not be counted as part of the period of limitation. | The court reviewed this decision and concluded that it is not supported by the language of section 66(1) or rules 7 and 8; the present court treated that earlier decision as incorrectly decided and noted it was subsequently overruled by a full bench of the Orissa High Court. |
| Govinda Chowdhury v. Commissioner of Income-tax (Full Bench, Orissa High Court) | Full bench overruled the Sri Popsing decision, holding that rule 7(2) of the Appellate Tribunal Rules is clear and mandatory and that there was no room for liberal construction to treat posting as presentation; appeals in that case were out of time. | The present court endorsed the full bench's approach, treating rule 7(2) as mandatory and supporting the conclusion that an application is deemed made only on receipt by the Tribunal. |
| Aligarh District Wholesale Cloth Dealers' Syndicate v. Commissioner of Income-tax [1960] 40 I.T.R. 481 (Allahabad High Court) | Referenced as a decision sharing the view that posting does not amount to "making" an application for limitation purposes and supporting a strict application of rule 7(2). | The court cited this decision as one of several High Court decisions consistent with the restrictive interpretation rejecting the posting-as-presentation approach. |
| Bansilal Gulabchand v. Commissioner of Income-tax (Chagla C.J.) | The judgment holds that the Tribunal has no power to condone delay in making an application under section 66(1); accordingly, when an application is rejected as time-barred by the Tribunal, the High Court under section 66(3) cannot condone delay by itself and direct the Tribunal to treat the application as within time. | The present court expressly agreed with Chagla C.J.'s reasoning and applied it to hold that the High Court cannot use section 66(3) as a means to condone delay where the Tribunal has no power to condone delay. |
Court's Reasoning and Analysis
The court's analysis proceeded in a sequence of statutory and regulatory interpretive steps:
- Interpretation of statutory language: The court examined the phrase "made" in section 66(1) (which requires an application "within sixty days" of service of notice) and considered whether "made" differs from "presented." The petitioner argued that "made" should be taken to mean the act of posting; the court observed that "made" is ambiguous in isolation but must be read in context.
- Contextual reading with related provisions: The court compared section 66(1) with other provisions—particularly sections 33(2) and 33(2A)—noting that the statute uses "made" and "present" in the same sense in these provisions. The court concluded the legislature used "made" as equivalent to "presented."
- Application of Tribunal Rules: The court examined the Appellate Tribunal Rules, 1946, as applied to section 66(1) by Rule 36. Rule 7(2) provides that a memorandum of appeal sent by post "shall be deemed to have been presented ... on the day on which it is received in the office of the Tribunal," and Rule 8 requires the Registrar to endorse the date of presentation or deemed presentation. Taken together, these rules led the court to conclude that an application under section 66(1) is deemed "made" only when it is received in the Tribunal's office.
- Consequence for the present facts: Applying the statutory and regulatory scheme to the facts—posting on October 14, 1958, receipt by the Tribunal on October 17, 1958, and last permissible date October 15, 1958—the court found the application to be time-barred.
- Consideration of precedents: The court examined relevant case law. It rejected the Orissa High Court's earlier decision in Sri Popsing Rice Mill (which had favored a posting rule), noted that a full bench in Govinda Chowdhury had overruled that decision, and relied on decisions of other High Courts (including Aligarh District Wholesale Cloth Dealers' Syndicate) which supported the view that posting does not constitute "making" for limitation purposes.
- Analysis of section 66(3): The petitioner urged that section 66(3) empowers the High Court to direct the Tribunal to treat an application as made within time even if it was not. The court parsed the language of section 66(3) and concluded the High Court has such power only if it is "not satisfied of the correctness of the Appellate Tribunal's decision." Since the Tribunal had no statutory power to condone delay under section 66(1), the High Court cannot, under section 66(3), itself effect a condonation of delay: it cannot direct the Tribunal to do what the Tribunal itself is not empowered to do. The court relied on Bansilal Gulabchand for this principle and agreed with that reasoning.
- Final evaluative conclusion: Because the Tribunal's rejection of the petition as time-barred was held to be correct in law, the High Court had no jurisdiction under section 66(3) to require the Tribunal to treat the application as made within time.
Holding and Implications
Holding: The court's final decision was to dismiss the application. The court concluded that the application under section 66(1) was not "made" within the period of limitation because it was deemed made only on receipt by the Tribunal, and that the High Court did not have power under section 66(3) to condone the delay where the Tribunal itself had no statutory power to do so. In the court's words, the application is "clearly barred by time."
APPLICATION DISMISSED
Implications:
- Direct effect on the parties: The petition is dismissed and the Tribunal's decision rejecting the application as time-barred is upheld. The court made no order as to costs.
- On legal principle: The court followed existing statutory interpretation and precedent that an application under section 66(1) is deemed made only upon receipt by the Tribunal (per rule 7(2) and rule 8) and reaffirmed that the High Court under section 66(3) cannot be used to condone delay where the Tribunal has no power to do so. The opinion did not purport to establish a novel rule overturning the settled approach; rather, it adopted the restrictive approach found in the cited full-bench and High Court decisions.
No information beyond the opinion's text has been added. Where the opinion did not provide extended details (for example, detailed respondent submissions), this summary limits itself to the content actually present in the judgment.
Hegde, J.:— This is an application under section 66(3) of the Indian Income-tax Act to be referred to as the “Act” hereinafter.
2. Two questions of law were formulated before us at the time of the hearing. It is the contention of the petitioner that in the circum stances of this case, the application “made” by the petitioner under section 66(1) of the Act must be considered as having been “made” within the period of limitation. Alternatively it is urged that even if the application had not been “made” within time, this court has power under section 66(3) to direct the Tribunal to treat the application as having been “made” within the time fixed. The material facts are as follows:
The petitioner filed I.T.A No. 7971 of 1956–57 before the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal (Hyderabad Bench); that appeal was dismissed on. August 7, 1958; the order of the Appellate Tribunal was served on the petitioner on August 16, 1958; the last date for filing the reference application was October 15, 1958; the petitioner posted his application on October 14, 1958; the same was received by the Tribunal on October 17, 1958; the Tribunal rejected that application as having been time-barred.
3. It is contended by Sri Vijayarangam, the learned counsel for the petitioner, that his petition must be deemed to have been “made” on October 14, 1968, i.e, the date on which the assessee posted that petition. In support of his contention he relies on the language of section 66(1) which says:
“Within sixty days of the date upon which he is served with notice of an order under sub-section (4) of section 33 the assessee or the Commissioner may, by application in the prescribed form, accompanied where application is made by the assessee by a fee of one hundred rupees, require the Appellate Tribunal to refer to the High Court any question of law arising out of such order, and the Appellate Tribunal shall within ninety days of the receipt of such application draw up a statement of the case and refer it to the High Court” (The underlining is ours).
4. According to Sri Vijayarangam, “making of an application is something different from presenting an application”. He contrasts the language of section 66(1) with the language of section 30(2) wherein it is stated:
“The appeal shall ordinarily be presented within thirty days……………….”
5. He wants us to hold that “making an application” merely means “bring about an application”. He contends that the task of a petitioner under section 66(1) is complete, the moment he posts his petition. It is true the word “made” is a word of ambiguous import. If that word had stood by itself, then, there would have been something to be said in favour of the contention advanced by Sri Vijayarangam. In our view the legislature has been using the expression “made the application” as equivalent to “presented the application”. For this view of ours, support is available from the language of section 33 of the Act. Section 33(2) says:
“The Commissioner may, if he objects to any order passed by an Appellate Assistant Commissioner under section 31, direct the Income-tax Officer to appeal to the Appellate Tribunal against such order, and such appeal may be made within sixty days of the date on which the order is communicated to the Commissioner by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner”
(The underlining* is ours).
6. Both in section 32(2) and in section 66(1) the word “made” is employed. Now, we may proceed to examine the language of section 33(2A) which says:
“The Tribunal may admit an appeal after the expiry of the sixty days referred to in sub-sections (1) and (2) if it is satisfied that there was sufficient cause for not presenting it within that period” (The underlining is ours).
7. There can be no dispute and in fact it is not disputed that the “presentation of the appeal” mentioned in sub-section (2A) of section 33, refers to the appeal “made” under sub-section (2) of section 33. The word “made” and the word “present” have been used in one and the same sense.
8. Even if we think that the word “made” connotes something different from the word “present”, there are still other difficulties in the way of the petitioner. Rule 36 of the Appellate Tribunal Rules, 1946, says:
“Rules ⅞, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 33 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to an application under sub-section (1) of section 66.”
9. Rule 7(2) says:
“A memorandum of appeal sent by post under sub-rule (1) shall be deemed to have been presented to the Registrar or to the officer authorised by the Registrar, on the day on which it is received in the office of the Tribunal at Bombay or, as the case may be, in the office of such officer.”
10. Rule 8 says:
“The Registrar or, as the case may be, the authorised officer shall endorse on every memorandum of appeal the date on which it is presented, or deemed to have been presented under rule 7 and shall sign the endorsement.”
11. If we take rule 8 and sub-rule (2) of rule 7 together, it is clear that an application under section 66(1) is deemed to have been “made” only when that application is received in the office of the Tribunal.
12. From the foregoing analysis, it is clear that the application made by the petitioner is clearly barred by time. The petitioner's case is undoubtedly a hard one, but that is no justification for laying down bad law.
13. Having considered the provisions of the Act and the Rules framed, we may now proceed to consider the decided cases bearing on the point in controversy. The petitioner has placed strong reliance on the decision of the Orissa High Court in Sri Popsing Rice Mill v. Commissioner of Income-tax [1949] 17 I.T.R 420, 425, 426. The learned Chief Justice who delivered the judgment of the bench interpreted section 66 of the Act and rule 7 thus:
“Reading sub-section (1) of section 66 of the Act in the light of rule 7, Appellate Tribunal Rules, 1946, so far as it prescribes the different modes of making an application to the Tribunal, the words ‘require by application made to the Appellate Tribunal’ may be construed to include sending an application to the Registrar or other authorised officer by registered post. In doing so, the applicant does all that he is required, in his power, to do in order to require the Tribunal to refer to the High Court any question of law arising out of its order; this, of course, is subject to the application being, in the ultimate, received by the Tribunal. For the purpose of the compliance with the condition in the enactment, it is enough that the applicant puts the application into such a machinery for transmission that any delay therein and thereafter be completely beyond his control. Consequently, the time occupied in transmission of the requirement by application should not be computed as a part of the period of limitation of 60 days. The Act does not prescribe any mode of computation. In the absence of such provision, computation must be made in a manner consonant with the advancement of justice” (As summarised in the head-note).
14. The conclusion reached by the court is not supported by the language of either section 66(1) or by rules 7 and 8. This decision was considered and overruled by a full bench of the Orissa High Court in Govinda Chowdhury v. Commissioner of Income-tax. In that case their Lordships considered the decisions of the various High Courts and came to the conclusion that in view! of the clear and mandatory provision of rule 7(2) of the Appellate Tribunal Rules, there was no room for any liberal construction and the! applications presented in that case were out of time and were rightly rejected by the Tribunal. The view of the Orissa High Court in this regard has been shared by various other High Courts. In this connection, we may usefully refer to the decision of the Allahabad High Court in Aligarh District Wholesale Cloth Dealers' Syndicate v. Commissioner of Income-tax [1960] 40 I.T.R 481..
15. It is next contended by Sri Vijayarangam that even if his application was barred by time, this court has enough power to condone the delay and direct the Tribunal to entertain his application under section 66(1). He relies on the language of section 66(3) in support of his contention.
16. Section 66(3) says:
“If on any application being; made under sub-section (1) the Appellate Tribunal rejects it on the ground that it is time-barred, the assessee or the Commissioner, as the case may be, may, within two months from the date on which he is served with notice of the rejection, apply to the High Court, and the High Court, if it is not satisfied of the correctness of the Appellate Tribunal's decision, may require the Appellate Tribunal to treat the application as made within the time allowed under sub-section (1)”
(The underlining is ours).
17. Before this court can direct the Tribunal to re-entertain the application, it must be satisfied that the decision rendered by the Tribunal is not correct. Unless and until it comes to that conclusion, this court will have no jurisdiction to direct the Tribunal to entertain the application. Our attention has not been invited to any provision which empowers vthis court to condone the delay in making an application under section 66(1). Condonation of delay is not an inherent power vested in courts. It is power that has to be granted. We have earlier come to the conclusion that the Tribunal was right in holding that the application made is barred by limitation. Therefore, we cannot hold that the Tribunal's decision is not correct. If we are not in a position to hold that the Tribunal's decision is not correct, that undoubtedly we cannot, then, it is not within our powers to direct the Tribunal to re-entertain the petitioner's application. Emphasis was laid on the words “treat the application as made within the time”. From these words, it is contended that even if the application had not been filed within time, this court has power to direct the Tribunal to treat it as having been “made” within time. This contention ignores another part of section 66(3) which says:
“…. if it is not satisfied of the correctness of the Appellate Tribunal's decision,…………..”
18. In this connection, we may usefully refer to the decision in Bansilal Gulabchand v. Commissioner of Income-tax. The judgment of the court was delivered by Chagla C.J The learned Chief Justice held:
“As the Act stands today, the position is that the Tribunal has absolutely no power to condone any delay in making the application under section 66(1). Where there has been such delay and the assessee's application has, therefore, been rejected by the Tribunal, and then the assessee comes before the High Court under sub-section (3), it is impossible for it to say that in dismissing his application the Tribunal acted otherwise than correctly. Under sub-section (3), it is only if the High Court is not satisfied of the correctness of the Tribunal's decision that the High Court has power to require the Tribunal to treat the application as made within the time allowed under sub-section (1). Hence, in such a case, the High Court has no power to condone the delay and direct the Tribunal to treat the application as being within time. The expression used in section 66(3) that power is given to the High Court to require the Appellate Tribunal to treat the application as made within time allowed under sub-section (1) seems to suggest that the High Court has the power to call upon the Tribunal to admit ah application which prima facie is barred by limitation. But it is impossible to give that construction to that expression when no power is given to the Tribunal itself to condone delay in making an application made under section 66(1). If the Tribunal had been given a power of that nature and if the Tribunal had come to the conclusion that the assessee had failed to show sufficient cause for excusing any delay, then it would be open to the High Court to go into that question and take a different view from the one taken by the Tribunal, but when such a power is not given to the Tribunal at all, it is difficult to understand how the High Court can even consider the application and direct the Tribunal to treat the application as made within the time allowed” (As summarised in the head-note).
19. We are in respectful agreement with these observations of the learned Chief Justice. For the reasons mentioned above, we are constrained to reject this application. But in the circumstances of the case we make no order as to costs.
20. Application dismissed.
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