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Smt. Gurdeep Kaur Petitioner v. Shi Kartar Singh Khurana & Another S
Structured Summary of the Opinion — Arun Kumar, J.
Factual and Procedural Background
This petition challenges an order dated 28 March 1995 in which the Additional Rent Controller granted leave to contest an eviction petition filed under Section 14-D of the Delhi Rent Control Act. The eviction petition sought possession of the ground floor of property No. 23/16, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi.
Relevant factual background as stated in the opinion:
- The premises was let out to respondent No. 1 in 1958 by the then-owner.
- The property was purchased by Smt. Sukhwant Kaur (the petitioner’s mother) and her husband on 26 June 1962.
- The petitioner and her daughter (respondent No. 2) claim to have inherited the property from Smt. Sukhwant Kaur by a registered will dated 16 April 1982, and mutation stands in their names.
- The petitioner is a widow and a handicapped person (both legs amputated above the knees) and resides with her unmarried daughter on the first floor; she says she requires the ground floor for her own residence.
- Respondent No. 1 was in possession of the ground floor and applied for leave to contest the eviction petition; the Additional Rent Controller granted leave to contest on 28 March 1995.
The present petition seeks to set aside the Additional Rent Controller's grant of leave to contest and to obtain eviction of respondent No. 1 from the ground floor.
Legal Issues Presented
- Whether the Additional Rent Controller was correct in granting leave to contest the eviction petition under Section 14-D of the Delhi Rent Control Act.
- Whether the petitioner’s status as a widow and as a handicapped person requires proof of the dates on which widowhood or handicap occurred for purposes of Section 14-D.
- Whether the alleged rent agreement dated 22 May 1989 (placed on record by respondent No. 1) raises a triable issue that warrants grant of leave to contest, including whether it is genuine or forged.
- Whether the respondent's contention that there was no attornment (and therefore no landlord-tenant relationship with the petitioner) precludes relief under Section 14-D.
- Whether the character of the premises as commercial precludes eviction under Section 14-D.
Arguments of the Parties
Respondent No. 1's Arguments
- Denied the relationship of landlord and tenant with the petitioner and argued that he was not a tenant attorning to the petitioner.
- Asserted that Surinder Pal Singh (his son) had been a joint tenant and later surrendered his joint tenancy; claimed his son was accepted as joint tenant by Smt. Sukhwant Kaur by oral agreement.
- Placed on record a written agreement dated 22 May 1989 (purportedly executed by Smt. Sukhwant Kaur) stating that rent was enhanced from Rs. 82.50 to Rs. 125 and recording alleged payment of two months' rent in cash; alleged admission of respondent’s daughter, Sunita Mahajan, as a joint tenant.
- Claimed that the tenancy premises were totally commercial and thus not subject to eviction under Section 14-D (as argued in the Controller below).
- Argued at hearing that no notice was served on respondent to attorn to the petitioner, thus there was no landlord-tenant relationship with the petitioner.
Petitioner's Arguments
- Denied the authenticity of the alleged agreement dated 22 May 1989, asserting it to be forged.
- Denied that Sunita Mahajan was ever taken as a joint tenant or that the rent was enhanced as recorded in the alleged agreement.
- Denied that the premises were let out for commercial purposes.
- Maintained that she and respondent No. 2 are the owners (by registered will) and that she requires the ground floor because of widowhood, advancing age, and handicap (both legs amputated above the knees).
- Pointed out that the respondent has not paid rent for a long period.
Table of Precedents Cited
No precedents were cited in the provided opinion.
Court's Reasoning and Analysis
The court proceeded to examine each reason recorded by the Additional Rent Controller for granting leave to contest and stated its analysis as follows:
- On the Controller's reliance on absence of dates for widowhood and disability: The court held these facts to be irrelevant. It noted that it was admitted the petitioner is a widow and is handicapped (both legs amputated above the knees), and that the precise dates when these events occurred are immaterial to a petition under Section 14-D. Therefore, no evidence was required on those points and they did not give rise to triable issues.
- On the alleged agreement dated 22 May 1989: The court observed that the agreement on its face appeared to be forged and that there was nothing to support the alleged increase in rent or the asserted cash payment. The respondent himself contended there was no landlord-tenant relationship with the petitioner and that he never attorned to her; in that context, the court noted there is no evidence that the alleged agreement was acted upon (for example by payment of rent in accordance with it). The court concluded that merely setting up a document which the other side disputes cannot automatically justify grant of leave to contest, because acceptance of such a principle would encourage false or forged documents being used to stall eviction proceedings.
- On the respondent's argument of absence of landlord-tenant relationship (attornment): The court rejected that argument as opportunistic because respondent had not paid rent for a long time and did not identify any other owner. The court relied on mutation of the property in favour of the petitioner on the basis of a registered will executed by her mother to establish that the petitioner is the successor in interest, and observed that the alleged agreement (which the respondent set up) itself records an agreement to pay rent to Smt. Sukhwant Kaur, thus on respondent’s own pleading he was in possession as a tenant under that owner and the argument of absence of relationship was not tenable.
- On the contention that the premises are commercial: The court stated that letting purposes are not material for a petition under Section 14-D but nevertheless examined the record and found the claim that the premises were purely commercial was not tenable. The petitioner placed on record a conveyance deed containing clause (6) restricting use "for any purpose other than the purpose of residence without the previous consent in writing of the vendor," and the original was produced at hearing. The court also noted the alleged 1989 agreement (set up by respondent) itself provided that the front portion would be used as a shop and the rear portion as residential, which on respondent’s own showing indicated residential use. Therefore the commercial-use argument failed.
- On the manner of the Controller's grant of leave to contest: The court criticized the Controller for granting leave mechanically without assessing whether the matters raised were germane to deciding an application for leave to contest under Section 14-D, and emphasized the legislative purpose of Section 14-D to secure immediate possession for widows; mechanical grant of leave could frustrate that purpose by prolonging trials.
Holding and Implications
Holding:
The application of respondent No. 1 for leave to contest is rejected, and an eviction order is passed in favour of the petitioner.
Consequences and immediate implications as stated in the opinion:
- The rejection of the application for leave to contest means that the averments made by the petitioner under Section 14-D of the Act are deemed to be correct.
- An eviction order is passed in favour of the petitioner and against respondent No. 1 for possession of the entire ground floor of property No. 23/16, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi (as shown in the plan filed with the eviction petition).
- Two months' time is granted to respondent No. 1 to vacate the tenancy premises.
- The court recorded that if the tenant is able to bring exceptional reasons for permitting objections to be raised, he may approach the Controller at any time; the court observed that such an application would be independent of the landlord's proceedings to recover possession after expiry of tenancy.
Broader implications:
The opinion emphasized the remedial purpose of Section 14-D — to ensure recovery of immediate possession of premises to a widow and to ameliorate the condition of helpless widows — and held that mechanically granting leave to contest where the material facts are admitted or where the tenant relies on apparently forged documents defeats that legislative aim. The opinion did not cite or establish any novel precedent beyond its conclusion in this matter.
A.K. Petition disposed of.
Arun Kumar, J.:— This petition is directed against an order dated 28th March, 1995 whereby the Additional Rent Controller granted leave to contest the eviction petition filed under Section 14-D of the Delhi Rent Control Act (hereinafter referred to as the Act) for eviction of the respondent from the ground floor of property No. 23/16, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi. The premises was let out to the respondent in the year 1958 by the erstwhile owner. The property was purchased by Smt. Sukhwant Kaur, mother of the petitioner along with her husband, i.e, the father of the petitioner on 26th June, 1962. Accoring to the petitioner, she alongwith her daughter respondent No. 2 inherited the property from Smt. Sukhwant Kaur by virtue of a registered will dated 16th April, 1982. The property already stands mutated in the name of the petitioner and her daughter, respondent No. 2 herein. The petitioner is a widow. She is a handicapped person. Both her legs have been amputated above the knees. The petitioner along with her unmarried daughter, respondent No. 2 is residing on the first floor of the property in suit. With the advancing age of the petitioner coupled with her handicap, it has become all the more difficult for the petitioner to climbs the stairs to reach the first floor and, therefore, the petitioner requires the ground floor premises which is in the tenancy of the respondent No. 1 for her own residence.
2. In his application for leave to contest, the respondent No. 1 did not disputer the fact that the petitioner is a widow. The relationship or landlord and tenant was denied. It was pleaded that Surinder Pal Singh, son of the respondent was accepted as a joint tenant along with respondent No. 1 by the mother or the petitioner, i.e, Smt. Sukhwant Kaur by way of oral agreement, it was further pleaded that in April 1989 on the asking or Smt. Sukwant Kaur, rent of the suit premises was enhanced from Rs. 82.50 to Rs. 125 per month. For this, a written agreement was executed between Smt. Sukhwant Kaur and respondent No. 1. The daughter of respondent No. 1, Smt. Sunita Mahajan was admitted as a joint tenant in the suit premises with right to reside in a portion thereof. The son of respondent No. 1 surrendered his joint tenancy. A copy of the alleged agreement dated 22nd May, 1989 purportedly bearing the signatures of its executants, has been placed on record. It was further pleaded that the tenancy premises is totally commercial and was being used as such.
3. In reply, the petitioner denied the alleged agreement dated 22nd May, 1989. She denied that Sunita Mahajan daughter of respondent No. 1 was ever taken as a joint tenant in the tenancy premises or that the rent was enhanced from Rs. 82.50 to Rs. 125 per month. According to the petitioner, the alleged agreement is a forged document. It was denied that the premises to suit is commercial and was let out for commercial purposes. It was also denied that the son of respondent No. 1 was ever a joint tenant in the premises. The petitioner reiterated the fact that she along with respondent No. 2 are the owners, of the property in suit and the premises is required by the petitioner in view of her handicap and old age because of which the effect of the handicap has become more unbearable.
4. The Additional Rent Controller granted leave to content on the following grounds:—
(a) The petitioner had not stated as to when she became a widow;
(b) The date on which the petitioner became a handicap person has not been disclosed:
(c) The rent agreement dated 22nd May, 1989 set up by the respondent No. 1 and denied by petitioner requires evidence.
5. The following observations of the Additional Rent Controller in the impugned order are worth noting:
“Particularly as observed above when petitioner is silent as about her state of widowhood as to when it occured to her and particularly silent about her state of handicapped as to when she suffered amputation of both legs, I find it will be a triable, issue when the respondent admittedly was inducted tenant not by the petitioner or by her husband but by owner of the property in 1958 and from that owner petitioner's mother purchased the property in 1962.”
6. The above, observations of the Additional Rent Controller have been quoted because I find them totally uncalled for and rather amusing. The record shows that it is not disputed that the petitioner is a widow. As to when she became widow, is irrelevant. Similarly, it is not disputed that the petitioner is a handicapped person, both her legs having been amputated above the knees. The date of amputation of legs again is wholly irrelevant. The petitioner has come under Section 14-D on the basis of the fact that she is a widow and requires the premises in suit for her own residence. It is not necessary for a petition under Section 14 of the Act that premises must have been let out by the widow herself. As the law as it new stands the premises in such a case could be one let out by her husband or even by her predecessor in interest. The date within the petitioner became a widow is immaterial. Similarly the record shows that the petitioner suffered her handicap long time back. The exact date when she suffered it is irrelevant particularly in view of the fact that it is not disputed that the petitioner is a handicapped person. For irrelevant facts, I fail to understand where is the need for evidence? Thus, on points (a) and (b) referred to above, no evidence is called for and the Additional Rent Controller was clearly in error in granting leave to contest the eviction petition on these grounds. These points do not give rise to any triable issues.
7. Regarding ground (c) referred to above, i.e, the alleged agreement dated 22nd May, 1989, the, agreement on the face of it appears to be a forged document. By virtue of the said agreement, the rent was allegedly increased from Rs. 82.50 to Rs. 125 per month. There is nothing to support the increase of rent in pursuance of the alleged agreement, rather the grievance of the petitioner is that the rspondent No. 1 has not been paying the rent since long. In fact, it has been urged on behalf of respondent No. 1 that there is no relationship of landlord and tenant between the parties and the respondent No. 1 never attorned to the petitioner as a tenant. In view of this contention of respondent No. 1 it stands admited that rent was never paid by the respondent No. 1 in pursuance of the said agreement. There is nothing to show that the alleged agreement was acted upon. The agreement contains a clause that two months rent @ Rs. 125 per month has been paid in cash. There is nothing to support this alleged payment in “Cash”. The respondent No. 1 appears to have allowed his daughter Sunita Mahajan to stay in the tenancy premise and the alleged agreement appears to have been set up to justify and regularise her presence in the premises. Merely because a tenant sets up a false or forged document it does not follow that leave to contest must be granted to the tenant in relation to such a document. Setting up of a document, therefore, by itself cannot be taken up as a ground for grant of leave to contest when the document is disputed by the other side. If such a principle was to be adopted or accepted, it will encourage false and forged documents being set up by tenants in order to ensure that leave to contest is granted to them. In the present state in which the eviction petitions are being proceeded with by the Rent Controller, it is a known fact that once leave to contest is granted, the trial drags on for years and years. There are instances when cases have taken five years and above to come to a head conclusion before the Controllers. Such an approach would defeat the very purpose of the statutory provision contained under Section 14-D of the Act. The said provision is intended to ensure recovery of immediate possession of premises to a widow. The provision was enacted by the legislature to ameliorate the condition of helpless widows like the one in the present case, in addition to being widow, the petitioner in the present case is a handicapped person. The Controller has granted leave to contest mechanically without taking into consideration the conditions which are germane for deciding applications for leave to contest, such an approach defeats the very purpose of the statutory provision.
8. Apart from the points discussed above, the learned counsel for the respondent argued during the course of hearing of the present petition that the respondent No. 1 never attorned to the petitioner as a tenant. No notice was ever served by the petitioner on the respondent No. 1 to attorn to her. From this, it is argued that there is no relationship of landlord and tenant between the parties and, therefore, the petition is liable to be dismissed. This is a case in which the respondent no. 1 is trying to take advantage of his own wrong by advancing such an argument. The respondent no. 1 has not paid even a single penny towards rent for all this period and now he is setting up this argument of absence of relationship of landlord and tenant. He does not say as to who else, if not the petitioner, is the landlord/owner of the premises. For a petition under Section 14-D of the Act, the landlord does not have to prove ownership as such. Still the fact that petitioner is owner/landlord is estavlished by mutation of the property in favour of the petitioner on the basis of a registered will executed by her mother in her favour. This argument of absence of relationship of landlord and tenant is further falsified by the alleged agreement dated 22nd May, 1989. The said agreement has been set up by respondent No. 1 and, therefore, it can be used against him to meet his argument. The said agreement is alleged to have been executed by Smt. Sukhwant Kaur, mother of the petitioner as owner/landlady of the premises. The respondent No. 1 has agreed to pay rent with respect to the premises in suit to the said Smt. Sukhwant Kaur under the said agreement. Respondent No. 1 is in possession of the premises as a tenant on his ownshowing under Smt. Sukhwant Kaur. He has allegedly paid rent for two months to Smt. Sukhwant Kaur in cash as recorded in condition no. 4 on page 3 of the alleged agreement. The petitioner is a successor in interest from Smt. Sukhwant Kaur. The argument of absence of relationship of landlord and tenant, therefore, is not open to the respondent No. 1.
9. Next it was argued on behalf of respondent No. 1 that the premises is commercial and, therefore, the respondent No. 1 cannot be evicted. In a petition under Section 14-D of the Act, the letting purposes is not material. Still the facts on record show that the plea that the tenancy premises is purely commercial is not tenable. The respondent No. 1 alongwith his reply in the present case filed a photostat copy of a Conveyance Deed with respect to another building in the area to show that the property is purely commercial. With the rejoinder, the petitioner filed photo copy of the deed of Conveyance with respect to the suit premsies, para 6 where of reads as under: —
“(6) Not to use the said land and buildings for any purpose other than the purpose of residence without the previous consent in writing of the vendor or an officer appointed by him in this behalf.”
10. The original Conveyance Deed was produced at the time of hearing, in view of the aforesaid clause (6), the argument that the premises as commercial is not open to the respondent No. 1. However, the plea of respondent No. 1 that the tenancy premises is commercial and is purely used for commercial purposes is also belied by the alleged rent agreement dated 22nd May, 1989. As already noted, the said agreement has been set up by respondent No. 1 and the same can be used against him irrespective of the fact that the agreement appears to be not worthy of credence and forged. In the said agreement, it is stated in clause (3) that front portion of the tenancy premises will be used as a shop and the rear portion will be used for residential purpose by tenant. Therefore, on their own showing, the premises in suit is partly used for residential purpose.
11. For all these reasons, the impugned order dated 28th March, 1995 is liable to set aside. As per material on record, it is not a case for grant of leave to contest. The Additional Rent Controller was in error in granting leave to contest the eviction petition on the grounds contained under Section 14-D of the Act. The application of the tenant for leave to contest the eviction petition is thus ordered to be rejected. The consequences of rejection of the application for leave to contest is that averments in the petitioner under Section 14-D of the Act are deemed to be correct. An eviction order is passed in favour of the petitioner and against respondent No. 1 with respect to the tenancy premsies comprising of entire ground floor of property No. 23/16, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi shown in red in the plan filed along with the eviction petition. In the interest of justice, two months time is granted to the respondent No. 1 to vacate the tenancy premises, if a tenant is able to bring his case within exceptional reasons for the objection to be permitted to be raised, he may approach the Controller at any time. What is sought to be emphasised is that in any event it has no relation to proceedings taken by landlord to get the possession restored after expiry of the limited tenancy on account of failure, of tenant to restore possession. The action of the tenant is an independent step.
A.K Petition disposed of.
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