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Ram Nath Tandon v. Ramesh Kumar .

Delhi High Court
Oct 23, 1981
Smart Summary (Beta)

Structured Summary of the Opinion (B.N. Kirpal, J.)

Factual and Procedural Background

The petitioner (landlord) filed an eviction application under Section 14(1)(e) read with Section 25B of the Delhi Rent Control Act seeking possession of the first floor of House No. T-5, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi, which was in the possession of the respondent-tenant. The landlord, a senior officer earning Rs. 3,000 per month, stated that he required the premises for bona fide personal and family use: for himself (including a separate study), his wife, two adult daughters (then studying in 9th and 11th classes) and his ailing mother who suffered from asthma. The landlord alleged the barsati floor was unsuitable or unavailable for these needs.

The Additional Rent Controller, after granting leave to contest and considering evidence and submissions, rejected the eviction application by an order dated 30th July 1980. The landlord filed this revision petition under Section 25B(8) of the Delhi Rent Control Act challenging that order.

Legal Issues Presented

  1. Whether the Additional Rent Controller was correct in finding that the accommodation available to the landlord was sufficient and therefore denying eviction under Section 14(1)(e) read with Section 25B.
  2. Whether the landlord's ailing mother was bona fide residing with the landlord (affecting the space requirement claimed).
  3. Whether the barsati floor was available to the landlord for use as a study (affecting the calculation of available accommodation).

Arguments of the Parties

Landlord's Arguments (Petitioner)

  • The first floor was bona fide required by him for personal and family occupation under Section 14(1)(e) read with Section 25B.
  • His household required additional accommodation: one study for himself and separate rooms for each of his two adult daughters and one for his ailing mother (suffering from asthma).
  • The barsati floor was unsuitable and, in evidence, he stated it had been let out to a tenant (Anil Kumar Asthana), so it was not available.
  • He led oral testimony (his own) and five other witnesses, plus documentary proof of status (including a duplicate ration card naming his mother and a medical prescription), to establish his need and that his mother lived with him.

Respondent's Arguments (Tenant / Respondent's Counsel)

  • The respondent contested the landlord's claim of bona fide requirement and denied that the mother was living with the landlord.
  • The respondent placed reliance on a letter dated 5th September 1977 from the landlord offering the barsati floor to the tenant in lieu of vacating the first floor, arguing that the barsati was in the landlord's occupation at that time and thus available.
  • Respondent's counsel argued it was implausible that the mother would not be living with her husband and therefore disputed the claim that she resided with the landlord at T-5, Rajouri Garden.

Table of Precedents Cited

Precedent Rule or Principle Cited For Application by the Court
Krishan Kumar v. Vimla Sehgal, 1976 R.C.R 249 That a landlord's requirement of one separate room for each member of his family cannot, as a matter of law, be regarded as unreasonable. The Court relied on this authority to support the proposition that the petitioner’s anxiety to provide one room to each of his two adult daughters (and the other domestic needs) could not be regarded as unreasonable, and thus to assess the sufficiency of available accommodation in favour of the landlord's claim.

Court's Reasoning and Analysis

The Court undertook a focused review of the Additional Rent Controller's findings and the evidentiary record. The principal strands of the Court's analysis were:

  1. Barsati availability: The Additional Rent Controller had treated the barsati floor as available and suitable to serve as the landlord's study. The petitioner, however, had testified in cross-examination that the barsati had been let to one Anil Kumar Asthana for about three years. The Court found that the Controller erred by failing to notice or take into account this specific testimony of the petitioner. Because of that testimony, the barsati could not be regarded as available to the landlord on or after the date of filing the eviction petition.
  2. Reliance on documents and oral witnesses: The landlord produced a duplicate ration card naming his mother and medical evidence (a prescription) and led oral witnesses (A.W.2, A.W.3 and A.W.6) who supported his claim that his mother was living with him. The Additional Rent Controller disbelieved the ration card (because it had been issued after the eviction petition was filed) and did not refer to or weigh the oral testimony of those witnesses. The Court concluded that the Controller improperly overlooked or failed to consider key oral evidence.
  3. Mother's residence: The Controller concluded it was not plausible that the mother would not be living with her husband (who was living with the petitioner's younger brother elsewhere). The Court, however, accepted the petitioner’s explanation (recorded in cross-examination) that the mother did not get on with the younger daughter-in-law and consequently had shifted to the petitioner’s house. The Court found this explanation plausible and observed there was no reason given to disbelieve the testimonies of A.W.2, A.W.3 and A.W.6, including the medical practitioner's evidence of visits to the mother at the petitioner's address.
  4. Reasonableness of room requirement: Applying the principle in Krishan Kumar v. Vimla Sehgal, the Court held that the landlord’s claim for separate rooms for each of his two adult daughters and a study for himself was not per se unreasonable. Considering the landlord's status and the evidence of need, these requests had to be taken seriously when assessing whether existing accommodation was sufficient.
  5. Quantitative assessment of accommodation: Even if the barsati were assumed available (for the sake of argument), the Court found that the total accommodation (two bedrooms on the ground floor plus a barsati = three rooms, besides drawing-cum-dining and kitchen) was still insufficient to meet the landlord's stated need for four rooms (three bedrooms and one study). Thus, the accommodation with the petitioner was insufficient.
  6. Conclusion on Controller's errors: Because the Additional Rent Controller overlooked the petitioner’s specific testimony about the barsati, ignored or failed to weigh the oral testimony of independent witnesses and the doctor, and mis-assessed the sufficiency of accommodation, the Court concluded that the Controller's factual findings were unsustainable on the record.

Holding and Implications

Core Ruling: The Revision Petition is allowed; the order dated 30th July 1980 of the Additional Rent Controller, Delhi, is quashed; and the eviction petition filed by the petitioner is allowed.

Direct Consequences and Relief Ordered:

  • The respondent-tenant is ordered to vacate the first floor premises. He is permitted six months from the date of the judgment to vacate.
  • The respondent shall continue to pay rent/damages or is at liberty to deposit the same in Court during the vacating period.
  • Each party shall bear their own costs.

Broader implications: The opinion confines itself to the facts and the record; it does not announce or discuss any novel legal rule beyond applying existing principles (including the cited precedent) to the factual findings. The direct effect is the grant of eviction on the facts found and the quashing of the Controller's order.

Show all summary ...

B.N Kirpal, J.:— This revision petition by the petitioner-landlord is directed against the judgment dated 30th July, 1980 of the Additional Rent Controller, Delhi, who had rejected the landlord's application under Section 14(1)(e) read with Section 25B of the Delhi Rent Control Act for eviction of the respondent-tenant from the first floor of House No. T-5, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi.

2. The landlord is a senior officer in the Delhi Cloth Mills and Chemicals Works and it is not disputed that he is getting a salary of Rs. 3,000/- p.m He is the owner of the aforesaid house No. T-5, Rajouri Garden. The first floor of the said house, consisting of two bed rooms, drawing-cum-dining, kitchen, W.C latrine and store with back and front verandah, was let out to the respondent-tenant. According to the petitioner he required the said premises which had been let out to the respondent. The premises were stated to be bona fide required by the landlord for his need and the need of his family members, who were dependent upon him. According to the petitioner, the nature of the job which he was doing required his having a study and his family consisted of himself”, his wife, two daughters who were studying in the 9th and 11 th Classes respectively and an ailing mother. The petitioner in the application under Section 14(1)(e) which was filed against the respondent further stated that the ailing mother was suffering from asthama and required a separate room. The daughters were adults and required one room each for their studies and living. It was specifically stated that the barsati floor was not suitable. At the instance of the respondent-tenant, the Additional Rent Controller granted leave to contest. Thereafter, a reply was filed by the respondent. It was contested that the premises were not bonafidc required by the landlord for himself and members of his family. It was also submitted that the mother of the landlord was not living with him.

3. The landlord, in support of his case, examined himself as well as five other witnesses. He, inter-alia, stated that his ailing mother was living with him and that the barsati floor was not suitable for this purpose and, moreover, the same was in the tenancy of one Anil Kumar. He also justified the need of more accommodation. He stated that he required one room for study and one room each was required by his two growing daughters. Besides this, he claimed that his ailing mother required one room. This is apart from the requirement of one drawing-cum-dining room. A.W.2, Shri K.K Mittal, was a person living in the said locality. He stated that the petitioner's mother was living with the petitioner for several years. To the same effect is the testimony of A. W. 3, Shri Raghunandan, who was a collegue of the petitioner. A.W 6, Dr. R.S Kalra, is a medical practitioner. His testimony was recorded on 15th January, 1980. He stated that for the last one and a half years he had been examining the mother of the petitioner. He had visited the patient twice at T-5, Rajouri Garden. A medical prescription, Exhibit AW 1/9, was also produced.

4. Apart from the aforesaid testimony, the landlord produced documents to show his status in life. He also produced a duplicate ration card which included the name of his mother.

5. The Additional Rent Controller found that no reliance could be placed on the aforesaid ration card. The said ration card had been issued after the eviction petition had been filed. He did not, however, refer to the oral testimony of A.W 2, A.W 3 and A.W 6. Without referring to the same, he came to the conclusion that the mother of the petitioner could not be living with’ the petitioner specially as, according to the Additional Rent Controller, it was not plausible that the mother would not be living together with her husband. It was an admitted case that the father of the petitioner was living with the petitioner's younger brother in West Extension Area. The Additional Rent Controller further held that a room of 14’.4″ × 12’ had been wrongly described as Pantry-cum-dining room. This was, in fact, a drawing-cum-dining room. He held that the petitioner was also having a barsati floor of an area of 9’ × 10’ and the same could conveniently be used as a study room by the petitioner Taking this into consideration the Additional Rent Controller found that the accommodation with the petitioner was not insufficient.

6. The aforesaid decision of the Additional Rent Controller is being challenged in the present petition under Section 25B(8) of the Delhi Rent Control Act. The first contention of Shri S.L Bhatia is that the Additional Rent Controller has given a finding which is clearly contrary to record with regard to the accommodation which was available with the petitioner.

7. A reading of the judgment shows that the Additional Rent Controller clearly took into consideration that barsati was available with the petitioner and the same could be used by him as study room. This shows that the Additional Rent Controller did accept the petitioner's need for a study room. Where the Additional Rent Controller fell in error is that he overlooked the testimony of the petitioner himself. The petitioner had stated in his testimony that the barasati had been given on rent to one Anil Kumar. In reply to a question in cross-examination, the petitioner, who was cross-examined on 14th January 1980, stated that “Mr. Anil Kumar Asthana is my tenant in that Barsati for last about 3 years”. The tenant, of course, led no evidence in rebuttal. The Additional Rent Controller, without referring to the aforesaid testimony of the petitioner, could not have come to the conclusion that barasati floor was available with the petitioner. In the eviction petition the petitioner has merely stated that barasati floor was unsuitable. He had not stated that the barasati was unavailable. It may be that prior to the filing of eviction petition that barasati might have been available but as on the date of filing of the petition and thereafter, it is evident from the testimony of the petitioner, one Anil Kumar Asthana was a tenant therein. If this is so, the barasati floor was not available to the petitioner.

8. The Additional Rent Controller has then overlooked the contention on behalf of the petitioner that his two daughters were adult and required one room each. In making this submission before me Mr. Bhatia has relied upon a decision of this Court in Krishan Kumar v. Vimla Sehgal, 1976 R.C.R 249, wherein it was held that it could not be said that when a landlord requires one separate room for each member of his family, the said requirement can be regarded as unreasonable. This also has to be viewed in the context of the status of the landlord. In the present case there is nothing to suggest that the landlord does not have such status which would belie such a need. The landlord is a highly paid officer of a leading business house of Delhi. He has shown his status in life. His anxiety of providing one room to each of his two daughters cannot be regarded as unreasonable. It is evident that this accommodation is not available with the petitioner on the ground floor. He can neither have study nor can he provide a room to each of his two daughters on the ground floor.

9. Mr. Kalra, learned counsel for the respondent, submitted that the barsati floor was available with the petitioner. He placed before me a lettter dated 5th September 1977 stated to have been written by the petitioner to the respondent. By this letter the landlord is stated to have offered to the respondent the use of the barsati floor, which was stated to be in the landlord's occupation at that time, in lieu of the tenant vacating the first floor which was in his pessession. According to this letter, this offer was being made to cater to the landlord's personal bonafide requirement. This letter does show that on 5th September 1977 barsati floor was available with the petitioner. The eviction application was, however, filed on 10th August 1978. It may be that after the tenant declined this offer the barsati was let out. The fact that the barsati had been let out cannot now be disputed by the tenant. What is important is that the letter dated 5th September 1977 written by the landlord, to my mind, clearly establishes his bonafides. It is not as if, that time, the landlord was insistent on having the tenant to vacate the premises altogether. The landlord gave an offer to the tenant to shift to the second floor and gave the first floor, to the landlord. If there had been any malafide intention on the part of the landlord, such an offer, to my mind, would not ordinarily have been made. In any event, even if it be assumed for the sake of argument that barsati floor was available, even then the accommodation with the landlord could not be regarded as sufficient. As already noted, the need of the landlord, apart from the drawing-cum-dining room, kitchen, Pantry etc. was for four rooms, three of them to be used as bed room and one as study room. Even if the barsati was taken into consideration the extent of accommodation was not sufficient for him. He had only two bed rooms on the ground floor and a barsati, making a total of three rooms which were available. It must, therefore, follow that the accommodation available with the petitioner was insufficient. With regard to the question as to whether the mother of the petitioner was residing with the petitioner or with her husband, the finding of the Rent Controller is a finding of fact. Ordinarily, such a finding would not be interfered with in the present proceedings. However, I find that while arriving at the said conclusion, namely, that the mother of the petitioner was not living at T-5, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi, the Additional Rent Controller has overlooked the testimony of three witnesses. A, W. 2, and A.W 3, apart from A.W 1 himself, have stated that the mother of the petitioner was living with him. The Doctor (A.W.6) stated that he visited the mother twice at the house of the petitioner. In an answer to the question as to why the mother was not living with her husband, the reply given by the petitioner in his cross-examination was that his mother did not pull on well with the younger daughter-in-law. It was for this reason, according to the petitioner, that the mother shifted to his house. It cannot be said that this reason is not a plausible reason. No reasons have been given as to why the testimony of A.W 2, A.W 3 and A.W 6 should not be believed. Even before me the learned counsel has not been able to convince me as to why I should not accept their testimony. All that Mr. Kalra stated was that it was unnatural and implausible that a wife would remain away from her husband. Normally, I would tend to agree with Mr. Kalra but the answer given by the petitioner, namely, that the mother did not pull on well with her younger daughter-in-law cannot be said to be on unconvincing one. This circumstances by itself cannot, in any way, be regarded as enough to compel me disbelive the testimony of A.W.2, A.W.3 and A.W.6 If the requirement of the mother is to be taken into consideration, then, of course, the need of the petitioner increases at least by one room more.

10. For the aforesaid reasons, the Revision Petition is allowed and the order dated 30th July 1980 passed by the third Additional Rent Controller, Delhi, is quashed. The eviction petition filed by the petitioner is allowed. The eviction of the respondent is ordered. The respondent-tenant however, is given six months' time from today to vacate the premises. He shall continue to pay rent/damages or is at liberty to deposit the same in Court. Parties to bear their own costs.

11. Petition allowed.