Ellammal. v. Ponnu Pillai

Maheswaran, J.

1. This Civil Miscellaneous Appeal is preferred against the order of the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal, Chengalpattu, in M.O.P No. 320 of 1979 on its file.

2. The facts:— On 15th August, 1977, the lorry bearing registration number, MDJ 4264 was proceeding from Kancheepuram to Sriperumbudur with rice bags loaded in it. The owner of the lorry, Rajamanickam, was also in the lorry. When the lorry came near Sunkuvarchatram at 12-15 pm, Respondents, Head Constable, and two other constables attached to the Out-Post Police Station at Sunkuvarchatram controlled by the Sriperumbudur Police Station, came out of the station and flung a plank containing a number of nails in it before the lorry. That resulted in the puncture of the tyres. The vehicle went out of control and dashed against a tree resulting in the death of the owner, Rajamanickam, and the driver and a cooly. Deceased Rajamanickam was aged 23 years at the time of his death. As owner of the lorry, he was earning Rs. 1500 per month.

3. The second respondent, Collector of Chengalpattu district, in his answer to the petition admitted that the police personnel threw a plank containing nails to stop the lorry, that there was large scale smuggling of rice from various parts of Tamil Nadu to Madras City, that it was suspected that the lorry in question was carrying rice without permit and that therefore the police personnel tried to stop the lorry even at 109 feet away from the outpost, but as the driver increased the speed of the lorry, the plank was thrown. His further contention is that the petition itself is not maintainable and the Government and its servants cannot be made liable for damages and that the compensation claimed is high.

4. The parents of deceased Rajamanickam claimed a compensation of Rs. 2,72,000. The Tribunal dismissed the application on the ground that the same is not maintainable before the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal. Aggrieved, the appellants who are the parents of deceased Rajamanickam have filed this appeal.

5. Mr. Kanagaraj, learned counsel appearing for the appellants, strenuously contended that the view of the Tribunal that the application is not maintainable as against the respondents is not correct and that a reading of S. 110 A of M.V Act would clearly show that the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal will have jurisdiction to adjudicate upon claims for compensation in respect of accidents involving the death of or bodily injury to persons arising out of the use of motor vehicles or damages to any property so arising or both. Under S. 110 of the Motor Vehicles Act, a State Government by notification in the official gazette may constitute one or more Motor Accident Claims Tribunal for the purpose of adjudicating upon claims for compensation in respect of accidents involving death or bodily injury to persons arising out of the use of motor vehicles. Relying upon the wordings of this Section that the Tribunal is Empowered to adjudicate upon claims for compensation in respect of accidents involving the death of persons arising out of the use of motor vehicles, the learned counsel pointed out that in this case the accident arose out of the use of the motor vehicle, and the death of the owner and the other persons in the lorry was due to the Head Constable and other constables flinging a nailed wooden board which resulted in the tyres of the lorry being punctured and the vehicle dashing against a tree killing the occupants of the lorry including the owner and as the accident was the direct and proximate result of the irresponsible and unauthorised act of Respondents 3 to 5, the Tribunal can entertain the application as against the respondents. In other words, what the learned counsel would contend is that S. 110 A of the Act would include a claim against any person, provided that the accident arose out of the use of the motor vehicle. But, we find it difficult to agree with this contention, for, S. 110-B of the Motor Vehicles Act provides that the Tribunal shall after giving an opportunity to the parties hold an enquiry and make an award determining the amount of compensation which appears to be just and specifying the persons to whom the compensation shall be paid. The Section further states that in making the award the Claims Tribunal shall specify the amount which shall be paid by the insurer, owner or the driver of the motor vehicle involved in the accident or by all or any of them as the case may be. Inviting our attention to the ruling of a Division Bench of Allahabad High Court in Union of India v. Bhagwati Prasad . A.I.R 1982 Allahabad 310. the appellants' counsel pointed out that the latter part of S. 110-B has been enacted to give effect to the statutory requirement which the law requires and that S. 110-B will not curtail the scope of S. 110-A. That was a case where the claimants were travelling in a tempo-taxi which collided with a passenger train and as a result the claimants therein sustained bodily injuries. The claimants then filed petitions before the Claims Tribunal against the owner of the tempo-taxi as well as against the Union of India represented by the General Manager, Northern Railway. The allegation in that case was that the accident has occurred on account of the negligence of the employees who have wrongly kept the level-crossing wide open for the highway traffic when the aforesaid train happened to be passing through that point. The Claims Tribunal held that in as much as the injuries of the claimants were received in an accident arising out of the use of a motor vehicle, the Tribunal has jurisdiction to entertain the claim. A revision was filed against that order. Varma, J., speaking for the Bench, pointed out that it cannot be disputed that where the death or bodily injury is caused to a claimant in an accident arising out of the use of the motor vehicle as a result of the negligence of the owner or the driver of the motor vehicle as well as of a third party, the claim so far as the owner or the insurer or the driver of the motor vehicle are concerned would lie before the Claims Tribunal under the Act in terms of S. 110 and that in regard to the same accident as against the third party the claim would not lie elsewhere as in that event two conflicting decisions are likely to come into existence as the Tribunal may hold the driver of the motor vehicle wholly at fault and on that ground award compensation while the Civil Court in respect of the same accident may come to a different conclusion and that such a result could not have been enacted by the legislature. The learned Judge further pointed out that S. 110-B appears to have been intended for the simple reason that where the driver or the owner of the motor vehicle is found to have been negligent and the injuries are found to have been caused as a result of that negligence, the liability has necessarily to be apportioned between the insurer and the owner and in view of the provisions of the Act the apportionment of the liability between the insurer and the owner becomes necessary and it was to give effect to this statutory requirement that the law requires that while awarding compensation the liability must be apportioned. In the end, the learned Judge confirmed the judgment of the Tribunal that the claim petitions are entertainable against the Railway also. With great respect to the learned Judges, we are unable to agree. A reading of S. 110-B would make it clear that the claim referred to in S. 110 can have reference only to the claim against the owner or the driver of the motor vehicle concerned or the insurer, as the case may be, and not against strangers. In our view, the object of the Act appears to be to provide for a speedy and cheap remedy to persons injured in accidents arising out of the use of motor vehicles, against the owners, drivers and the insurers of motor vehicles. The object clearly is not to adjudicate the claim against any person, merely because a motor vehicle is involved in the accident. For example, if a pedestrian flings a stone at an animal on the road which gets frightened and the frightened animal darts across the road and as a result of which a motorist coming that way loses control and dashes against a tree and gets killed in the accident, could it be said that the claimants have a right to file an application before the Tribunal claiming compensation against the pedestrian merely because a motor vehicle is involved? It may be that the claimants may be entitled to damages or compensation in a Civil Court and S. 110-F will not be a bar in such a case. But, certainly the claimants cannot file a claim petition before the Claims Tribunal.

6. A single Judge of this Court in Union Of India v. P. Kailasam . 1974 ACJ 488 also took the same view. That was a case where a claim petition was filed against the owner of the bus and the insurance company for an accident which took place at a level-crossing near Karur. The insurance company claimed that the Railways were negligent as the railway gate was kept open for the highway traffic to pass. In view of this defence, the claimants filed an application to make the Railway a party and the Railways contested that they are neither necessary nor proper party. Kailasam, J., as he then was, found that the Railway was not a necessary party, but, however, confirmed the order of the Tribunal directing the Railway to be made a party.

7. In O.F & G. Insurance Co. v. Union of India . A.I.R 1975 A.P 222., a Division Bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court also took the same view. Bhola Ram v. State . A.I.R 1982 Him. Pr. 11., was a case where a truck fell down into a khud on account of sagging of the road comprising false projections. The truck was loaded with apple boxes and some of the apple boxes belonged to one Prabhu Dayal. As a result of the truck falling into the khud, both Prabhu Dayal who was in the truck and the driver of the truck died on the spot. A claim petition was preferred against the Government. It was found that the driver was not negligent as the defect in the road was latent and not patent. But the High Court of Himachal Pradesh however held that the Government who is the owner of the road arid is responsible for its maintenance may be liable in tort, but a claim is not maintainable, before the Claims Tribunal under S. 110-A of the Act. It is therefore clear that a petition under S. 110-A of the Motor Vehicles Act will lie before the Claims Tribunal only as against the owner of the vehicle or the driver of the vehicle or against the insurer as the case may be and not against others. We therefore concur with the finding of the Tribunal that the claim petition as against the respondents is not maintainable before the Claims Tribunal under S. 110-A of the Motor Vehicles Act. The proper forum for the claim made by the claimants would be before a Civil Court. We dismiss this Civil Miscellaneous Appeal, but without costs.

8. Before parting with the case, we may point out that the accident in question was the direct result, of throwing of a nailed wooden plank before the speeding lorry by the policemen. The counter filed by the Collector of Chengalpattu District says that the policemen used the plank with nails to stop speeding vehicles if they do not stop when signals are given and in the instant case the lorry was suspected to be carrying rice without permit and it is in the discharge of official duty that they threw the nailed plank when the lorry did not stop. It is further pointed out by the Collector that the police have been given sufficient training and they have thrown the nailed plank to stop the speeding vehicle and not to damage the vehicle. With the emergence of an ultramodern age which has led to strides of progress in all spheres of life, it is rather unfortunate that the police have resorted to outmoded, abnormal and rude method of stopping the vehicles by throwing the nailed plank which is nothing but laying a death trap. They could have resorted to more sophisticated methods, such as laying road blocks for checking the vehicles, even assuming that the vehicle is smuggling rice without permit. We strongly deprecate this pernicious method of stopping speeding vehicles and we hope that this practice will stop forthwith, if not already stopped.

VCS.