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Vimla Devi G. Maheshwari v. S.K Laul And Others
Structured Summary of the Opinion (Mrs. Sujata Manohar, J.)
Factual and Procedural Background
The petitioner challenged a de novo order dated 18-2-1993 under section 269UD of the Income-tax Act, 1961, under which respondents 1 and 2 exercised their power to purchase the petitioner's property (Flat No. 1, first floor, Avanti Building, Off Netaji Subhash Road, Bombay-400002).
The petitioner had entered into an agreement dated 1 August 1987 with the 3rd respondent to sell the flat for Rs. 23,00,000. An earlier purchase order under section 269-UD dated 23-9-1987 was challenged in Writ Petition No. 3290 of 1987; a stay was granted on 7-10-1987. That writ petition was disposed by the High Court on 18-12-1992 in the light of the Supreme Court judgment in C.B. Gautam v. Union of India (199 ITR p. 530), directing the Appropriate Authority to grant a hearing and give reasons before passing an order under section 269-UD. The matter was remanded; the petitioner received a show cause notice dated 18-1-1993 and the Appropriate Authority furnished reasons recorded in the earlier order. After a hearing, the impugned order dated 18-2-1993 giving reasons was passed. The present petition challenges that second order.
Legal Issues Presented
- Whether the order dated 18-2-1993 (de novo order under section 269UD) discloses non-application of mind or is otherwise erroneous or illegal such that it should be set aside.
- Whether the comparable sale instances relied upon by the department were properly considered and whether the petitioner’s relied instances were wrongly ignored.
- Whether the Appropriate Authority properly considered specific disadvantages of the petitioner's property in arriving at the purchase price.
- Whether the Appropriate Authority ought to have taken into account the petitioner's contention that the sale proceeds would be used to purchase another residential flat (thereby avoiding capital gains), and whether that affected valuation.
- Whether the discounting of apparent consideration (a reduction of Rs. 40,005/- from Rs. 23 lakhs) in the 18-2-1993 order, calculated under Rule 48-I at 8% (to obtain a discounted consideration of Rs. 22,59,995/-), was properly applied given the payment terms in the agreement.
- Whether the evidence of a later auction (relating to a different property the petitioner agreed to purchase) showing a sale price above the agreed price undermines the Appropriate Authority's conclusion of undervaluation in respect of the Avanti flat.
Arguments of the Parties
Petitioner's Arguments (as recorded)
- The 18-2-1993 order discloses non-application of mind and is erroneous.
- The sale instances relied upon by the department are not comparable and two sale instances cited by the petitioner were ignored.
- The petitioner pointed to particular disadvantages of her flat, which she argued justified a lower price.
- The petitioner argued that the entire consideration (Rs. 23 lakhs) would be applied to purchase another residential flat for Rs. 35 lakhs (so capital gains would not arise), and thus there was no reason for undervaluation.
- The discounting (reduction) of the apparent consideration by Rs. 40,005/- was not done in the original order and was introduced for the first time in the present order, and was therefore challenged.
- Evidence of an auction in which the property the petitioner had agreed to buy later fetched Rs. 43,10,000/- (above the agreed Rs. 35 lakhs) was relied upon to contend there was no undervaluation in the market prices agreed between private parties.
Respondents' / Appropriate Authority's Position (as recorded)
- The Appropriate Authority critically examined the three sale instances relied upon by the department, noting locations and purchase prices; it also considered the two sale instances relied on by the petitioner.
- In respect of the petitioner's cited sale of a flat in Thakur Niwas, the Authority found a higher rate per sq. ft. (Rs. 2,075) compared to the petitioner's rate (Rs. 1,735 per sq. ft.).
- In respect of the petitioner's second cited instance (Rajhans Building), the petitioner had not furnished particulars, so that instance was of no assistance to the petitioner.
- The Appropriate Authority considered the specific disadvantages the petitioner pointed out and concluded that each building/flat has its own positives and defects and an overall picture must be taken.
- Counsel for respondents 1 and 2 produced clauses 3 and 11 of the agreement (dated 1-8-1987), showing Rs. 2 lakhs paid on or before execution and the balance Rs. 21 lakhs payable within 30 days from receipt of a No Objection letter (Form No. 37-I), which justified discounting the deferred amount at 8% per annum under Rule 48-I.
- The Appropriate Authority applied section 269UA(b) and Rule 48-I to calculate the discounted value of the late-paid consideration and arrived at Rs. 22,59,995/- as the discounted price.
Table of Precedents Cited
| Precedent | Rule or Principle Cited For | Application by the Court |
|---|---|---|
| C.B. Gautam v. Union of India, 199 ITR p. 530 | Requirement that the Appropriate Authority grant a hearing and give reasons before passing an order under section 269-UD; guidance that the hearing is to be a limited/summary inquiry in the timeframe contemplated by Chapter XXC. | The High Court disposed of the earlier writ petition in light of this decision, remanding the matter to the Appropriate Authority to comply with the directions (grant hearing and provide reasons). The court in the present matter applied the principle that the hearing is limited in timeframe and scope and that the petitioner must adduce material within that framework; therefore the Appropriate Authority's summary consideration was held adequate. |
Court's Reasoning and Analysis
The court proceeded through a sequential analysis confined to the material before it and the record of the Appropriate Authority's proceedings:
- On the challenge that the Appropriate Authority failed to consider comparable sale instances: the court examined the impugned order and found that the Authority had critically examined the three instances produced by the department, noting locations and purchase prices, and also addressed the two instances produced by the petitioner. The Authority compared rates (e.g., Thakur Niwas at Rs. 2,075 per sq. ft. versus the petitioner's Rs. 1,735 per sq. ft.) and found the Rajhans Building instance lacked particulars.
- The court emphasized the limited nature of the hearing required under the Supreme Court's directions (C.B. Gautam). Given the Chapter XXC scheme, what is permissible is a limited or summary inquiry within a constrained timeframe to enable the petitioner to put forth why a purchase order should not be made. The petitioner therefore bore the responsibility to adduce appropriate material at that hearing and could not expect the department to mine its records to supply particulars of the petitioner's relied instance.
- On the contention about property disadvantages (lower price due to defects): the court noted that the Appropriate Authority explicitly considered these disadvantages and concluded that each property has its own positives and defects and an overall assessment must be made. The court stated it was in substantial agreement with that approach.
- On the contention that the sale proceeds would be used to buy another residential flat (and thus no capital gains): the Appropriate Authority found, on cogent material, that the rate of Rs. 1,735 per sq. ft. was lower than market price. The court found no basis to treat the order as perverse or as showing non-application of mind on this ground.
- On discounting: the court answered its own query by examining clauses 3 and 11 of the agreement. Clause 3 showed Rs. 2 lakhs payable on or before execution and the balance on delivery of certificates and vacant possession; clause 11 provided that the balance payment would be given within 30 days from receipt of No Objection letter (Form No. 37-I). Form No. 37-I was filed on 4-8-1987; the due date for issuing N.O.C. under section 276UD(1) was taken as 30-10-1987; consequently the balance payment date was treated as 30-11-1987. Applying Rule 48-I (prescribing 8% per annum), the discounted consideration was calculated at Rs. 22,59,995/-. The court held that where part of the consideration is payable after the date of agreement and such date is ascertainable, section 269UA(1) applies to deem the discounted value as the apparent consideration; thus discounting was properly applied.
- On the auction evidence: the petitioner pointed to an auction (relating to the property she later agreed to buy) where the reserve price and sale price exceeded the agreed price. The court observed there was no material showing the extent of price increase (if any) between the agreement date and auction date; therefore that evidence did not demonstrate that the Avanti agreement was for a proper price. The court reiterated the standard of intervention — it will not interfere unless the Appropriate Authority's findings are perverse or show total non-application of mind — and found no such infirmity.
Holding and Implications
Holding: The petition is dismissed.
Implications and direct consequences:
- The order dated 18-2-1993 of the Appropriate Authority (purchasing the petitioner's flat under section 269UD) is upheld by the court; the court found no non-application of mind or perverse finding warranting interference.
- The court upheld the Appropriate Authority's application of section 269UA(b) and Rule 48-I (8% discount) to compute the discounted apparent consideration (arriving at Rs. 22,59,995/- from the agreed Rs. 23,00,000/- given the payment terms in the agreement).
- Possession of the premises is not to be taken for a period of 10 weeks from the date of the order, on the condition that the petitioner does not part with possession or create any third-party interest in the premises during that period.
- No broader new legal precedent is stated to have been laid down by this opinion; the court applied existing statutory provisions and the Supreme Court's guidance in C.B. Gautam to the facts before it and declined to interfere with the Appropriate Authority's findings.
Other procedural directions in the order: certified copy expedited.
Mrs. Sujata Manohar, J.:— The petitioner has challenged an order dated 18-2-1993 being a de novo order under section 269UD of the Income-tax Act, 1961 under which, for reasons recorded in that order, respondents 1 and 2 exercised their power to purchase the petitioner's property being Flat No. 1, on the first floor of Avanti Building, Off Netaji Subhash Road. Bombay-400002.
2. The petitioner entered into an agreement dated 1st of August 1987 with the 3rd respondent under which the petitioner has agreed to sell the above flat to the 3rd respondent for a sum of Rs. 23 lakhs. This was the subject-matter of an earlier order of purchase under section 269-UD dated 23-9-1987. This order was challenged in Writ Petition No. 3290 of 1987. The petition was admitted and a stay of the order of 23-9-1987 was granted in terms of the Minutes dated 7-10-1987. The writ petition was disposed of by this Court by their order dated 18-12-1992 in the light of the judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of C.B Gautam v. Union of India, reported in 199 ITR p. 530. The High Court directed the Appropriate Authority to comply with the directions of the Supreme Court relating to granting a hearing to the petitioner before passing an order under section 269-UD and giving reasons for the order. Accordingly, the matter was remanded to the Appropriate Authority. The petitioner received a show cause notice dated 18th of January 1993 asking the petitioner to show cause why an order should not be made under section 269UD(1). Respondents 1 and 2 also furnished to the petitioner the reasons which were recorded while passing the earlier order of 23-9-1987. Thereafter a hearing was given to the petitioner and the present impugned order, giving reasons, has been passed on 18-2-1993.
3. The present petition challenges the second order of 18th February, 1993. The petitioner contends that this order deserves to be set aside because it discloses non-application of mind and also because it is an erroneous order. It is contended by Mr. Dastur, who appears on behalf of the petitioner, that the instances of sale which are relied upon by the department are not comparable instances and also because the two instances which were cited by the petitioner have been ignored in the order. We find from the order that the Appropriate Authority has in its order critically examined the three instances which were relied upon by the department. The Appropriate Authority has noted the location of these flats as also the purchase price which was paid for these flats, although they were sold much earlier. The Appropriate Authority has also dealt with the two instances which were relied upon by the petitioner. It has held that even in respect of the instance of a sale of flat in Thakur Niwas, which is relied upon by the petitioner, the rate is Rs. 2,075/- per sq. ft. as against the rate of Rs. 1,735/- per sq. ft. in the case of the petitioner. The Authority has further observed that in respect of the sale of a flat in the Rajhans Building, (the second instance relied upon by the petitioner), the petitioner has not given any particulars and hence this instance is of no assistance. The petitioner contends that the sale of this flat in Rajhans Building was approved by respondents 1 and 2 and hence they ought to have the particulars of this sale with them. In our view, when the petitioner was relying upon any sale instance, the petitioner should have furnished some particulars of that sale. We have to remember that the hearing which the Supreme Court has directed to be given is a hearing in a limited timeframe looking to the scheme of Chapter XXC. Hence any elaborate inquiry extending over a long period of time is not contemplated; nor any detailed adducing of evidence which may take a considerable length of time. The Supreme Court itself has observed in the above case that looking to the timeframe within which the order has to be passed, what is possible is a limited or summary inquiry, the whole purpose being to enable the petitioner to put forth his case before the department as to why a purchase order should not be made. The hearing opportunity for example, would enable the petitioner to point out why the price was appropriate. He can also point out any special circumstances in which a lower price has been agreed upon. It was therefore, for the petitioner to adduce appropriate material in support of his contention. He cannot contend that the department should search its records pertaining to some other case to gather particulars for the benefit of the petitioner. We also do not find any application by the petitioner for the production of any records. The Appropriate Authority has considered the material produced by the petitioner. The grievance, therefore, of the petitioner in the present case that the comparable sale instances have not been taken into account or have not been properly considered, does not appear to be justified.
4. It was next contended by Mr. Dastur, learned counsel for the petitioner, that the property suffered from certain disadvantages and hence it fetched a lower price compared to the instances relied upon by the department. We find from the order that these disadvantages pointed out by the petitioner have also been considered by the Appropriate Authority. It has dealt with this submission and has concluded by saying that each building and each flat has its own good points as well as defects. Therefore, an overall picture has to be taken into consideration for taking a decision in respect of each property — a conclusion with which we are in substantial agreement.
5. It was lastly contended by Mr. Dastur that the Appropriate Authority failed to take into consideration the argument of the petitioner to the effect that this flat which was the residential flat of the petitioner was sold for Rs. 23 lakhs and another flat at Laxmi Niwas was being purchased by the petitioner for the residence of herself and her family for Rs. 35 lakhs. Hence, the entire consideration amount received in respect of this flat would go to the purchase of another residential flat and the question of capital gains would not arise. There was therefore no reason for undervaluing the flat. The Appropriate Authority has, however, come to a conclusion on cogent material that the price of Rs. 1,735/- per sq. ft. in respect of this flat was lower than the market price. Hence, in our view, this is not a case where we can consider the order which is impugned before us as perverse or as suffering from non-application of mind nor can it be considered as erroneous or illegal.
6. It is next contended that the apparent consideration of Rs. 23 lakhs is discounted by a sum of Rs. 40,005/-. This was not done in the original order and is done, for the first time, in the present order. This discounting has also been challenged by the petitioner. In answer to the query put by us to Mr. Sethna, learned counsel for respondents 1 and 2. Mr. Sethna has produced before us clause 3 of the agreement dated 1st August, 1987. It provides as follows:
“The sum of Rs. 23,00,000/- (Rupees twenty three lakhs only) shall be paid by the Transferee to the Transfer or as follows, that is to say the sum of Rs. 2,00,000/- (Rupees two lakhs only) on or before the execution of this Agreement as and by way of earnest money or deposit and part-payment of the purchase price of the Share Certificate No. 3 bearing five shares bearing Nos. 11 to 15 both inclusive with incidental rights to use and occupy flat No. 1 (the payment and receipt whereof the Transferor doth hereby admit and acknowledge) and the balance amount will be given by Transferee to Transferor on delivering the original certificates and actual vacant possession of the said flat to the Transferee.”
7. Clause 11 of the said agreement is also as follows:
“The Transferor agrees with the Transferee that they will do any execute such other acts and assurances as may be required by the Society or the transferee whenever called upon by them in order to affactuate the said transfer in the manner aforesaid, but all the cost and expenses including transfer fees payable to the said society shall be paid by the Transferor and the Transferee in equal share. The balance payment will be given by Transferee within 30 days from the receipt of No Objection letter 37-I, strictly.”
8. Hence, under the agreement the sum of Rs. 21 lakhs was to be paid within 30 days of the receipt of the No Objection in respect of Form No. 37-I. In the present case Form No. 37-I was filed on 4-8-1987. The due date for issuing N.O.C as per section 276 UD (1) would be 30th of October 1987. As the payment of Rs. 21 lakhs was to be within 30 days of the issue of No Objection under Form No. 37-I, the date for receipt of the balance payment of Rs. 21 lakhs under the said agreement is taken as 30th of November 1987. As per Rule 48-I of the Income-tax Rules, 1962 this discounting is to be done at the interest rate of 8% per annum. Accordingly, the discounting price is calculated at Rs. 22,59,995/-.
9. Section 269UA(b) defines “apparent consideration”. It further provides that where the whole or any part of the consideration for such transfer is payable on any date or dates falling after the date of such agreement for transfer, the value of the consideration payable after such date shall be deemed to be the discounted value of such consideration, as on the date of such agreement for transfer, determined by adopting such rate of interest as may be prescribed in this behalf. This is prescribed at 8% under Rule 48-I.
10. In the present case, on a perusal of clauses 3 and 11 of the Agreement, we find that under the agreement the sum of Rs. 2 lakhs is paid on or before the execution of the agreement while the balance of Rs. 21 lakhs is to be paid within 30 days from the receipt of No-Objection letter in respect of Form No. 37-I. This clearly prescribes a date for payment which is subsequent to the date of the agreement. The contention of Mr. Dastur that the exact date must be spelt out in the agreement itself does not appeal to us. So long as the agreement clearly provides that any part of the consideration is to be paid at a date later than the date of the agreement and such date is capable of being ascertained, there is no reason why the provision of section 269 UA (1) should not be attracted. In our view, in the facts of the present case, the discount has been properly calculated.
11. It was pointed out by Mr. Dastur that the property which the petitioner had in turn agreed to purchase for Rs. 35 lakhs was also acquired. At an auction which was held by the department in respect of this property 18 months after the original purchase, the reserve price was fixed at Rs. 40,30,000/-, i.e only 15% above the agreed price; and it fetched at the auction Rs. 43,10,000/-. This would go to show that there is no undervaluation in the prices agreed upon between the parties. We fail to see how this would establish that the agreement of the petitioner for sale of the Avanti property is for a proper price. We do not find any material before us which would indicate whether between the date of the agreement and the date when the property was finally auctioned there was any increase in the property price and, if so, what was the extent of such increase. The fact remains that at the auction sale it fetched more than 15% of the agreed price. We may state here that we are not sitting in appeal over the Appropriate Authority. Unless its findings are perverse or show a total non-application of mind to the relevant facts, it would not be proper on our part to interfere with the order of the Appropriate Authority.
12. In the premises, the petition is dismissed.
13. On the application of the petitioner, possession of the premises not to be taken for a period of 10 weeks from today, on condition that the petitioner does not part with possession of the said premises or does not, in any manner, dispose of or create any third party interest in respect of the said premises.
14. Certified copy expedited.
Petition dismissed.
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