Jammu and Kashmir act 018 of 2011 : The JAMMU AND KASHMIR KAHCHARAI ACT, 2011 (1954 A. D. )

Section 1. Short title and extent.

(1) This Act may be called the Jammu and Kashmir Kahcharai Act, 2011.

(2) It extends to the ¹[whole of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir].

1. Substituted by S.O. 1229 (E) dated 31.03.2020.

Section 2.Repeal and savings.

(1) The Jammu and Kashmir Kahcharai Act, 1994, is hereby repealed.

(2) The rules and Ailans previously issued are hereby repealed to the extent to which these are repugnant to the provisions of this Act.

(3) But all rules, notifications and notices issued, appointments and orders made, rates and fees imposed or assessed, powers conferred, rights acquired and liabilities incurred and other things done under the Act hereby repealed shall, so far as may be, deemed to have been respectively issued, made, imposed, assessed, conferred, acquired and done under this Act.

Section 3.Definitions.

In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or Context,—

(1) “Kahcharai” means revenue derived or derivable from any duty, fee, tax, fine or penalty imposed under the provisions of this Act or of other law for the time being in force, relating to the levy of grazing or browsing dues ;

(2) “barrier post” means a post fixed or established on a line of road or route, where livestock liable to the payment of Kahcharai or on entering the territories of the ^*State from outside or within those territories from one side of the Pir Panjal mountain range to the other, checked or enumerated and subjected to the payment of Kahcharai ;

(3) “checking post” means a post fixed or established on a line of road or route where livestock liable to the payment of Kahcharai are, while moving within the territories of the *State on either side of the Pir Panjal mountain range, checked or enumerated and subjected to the payment of Kahcharai ;

(4) “Kahcharai officer” includes a Revenue Officer as defined in the Jammu and Kashmir Land Revenue Act, 1996, a Forest officer as defined in the ¹[Indian Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927)], a Girdawar, a Patwari and any other officer or person duly authorised by the Minister-in-charge of the Forest Department to perform all or any of the duties under this Act ;

(5) “village Kahcharai” means Kahcharai assessed at‘A’ rates ;

(6) “fluctuating Kahcharai” means Kahcharai assessed at ‘B’ or ‘C’rates ;

(7) “Bahak” means a limited area situated in hills where graziers resort in summer for grazing purposes ;

(8) “year” for the purposes of enumeration, record of livestock, assessment and collections of Kahcharai shall be deemed to commence on and from Ist Maghar and to close at the end of Katik ;

(9) references to Pir Panjal mountain range shall be construed as references to the Mountain Range which runs through the territories of the ^*State such that the territories comprising Kashmir Valley and the frontier tracts of Bunji and Ladakh excluding the Suru Valley of Kargil Tehsil fall on the one side and the territories comprising Jammu and the Suru Valley of Kargil Tehsil adjoining Tehsil Kishtwar on the other side of the said range.

1. Substituted by S.O. 1229 (E) dated 31.03.2020 for “Jammu and Kashmir Forest Act, 1987”.
* Now Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Section 4.Rate of Kahcharai to be levied.

(1) The Government may, from time to time by notification in the ^**[Government Gazette], prescribe, annul or alter rates at which Kahcharai shall be levied upon livestock.

(2) The rates prescribed to be levied at the Commencement of this Act shall be as set out in Schedule I and shall continue to be levied till they are annulled or altered under sub-section (1) :

Provided that such rates may be ordered by the Government to be levied with effect from Ist Maghar, 2010.

** Now Official Gazette.

Section 5.Barrier or check posts.

(a) The Chief Conservator of Forests shall, by notification in the ^*[Government Gazette], establish barrier and checking posts in the ^**State territories at suitable places for the purposes of enumerating livestock entering the ^**State from outside or moving from place to place within the ^**State and for levying fluctuating Kahcharai dues thereon.

(b) Such barrier and checking posts shall also be notified in the towns and villages in the neighbourhood thereof :

Provided that barrier or checking posts now existing shall be deemed to have been established under this Act.

* Now Official Gazette.
** Now Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Section 6.Exemptions.

(1) The Government may, by notification in the ^*[Government Gazette], define and grant exemptions from payment of Kahcharai levied under this Act.

(2) The exemptions to be granted at the commencement of this Act shall be as set out in Schedule II and shall continue to be granted till they are annulled or altered under sub-section (1).

* Now Official Gazette.

Section 7. Suspension, remission or reduction of Kahcharai.

The Government may, at any time, suspend, remit or reduce the Kahcharai dues in respect of any livestock or species of livestock.

Section 8. Differential rates.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, Kahcharai shall be levied as follows :––

(a) “A rates” in respect of––

¹[(i) livestock other than goats which graze within the limits of a village whether moving for grazing during summer to recognized Bahaks or not ;]

(ii) goats which do not move for browsing beyond the limits of their village ;

(b) “B rates” in respect of––

(i) livestock other than goats which move from place to place within the *State for grazing ;

(ii) goats which move for browsing from place to place but do not migrate from the territories of the ^*State on one side of the Pir Panjal mountain range to such territories on the other ;

(i) livestock other than goats which enter for purposes of grazing or are imported for commercial purposes into the ^*State ;

(ii) goats which move for browsing from the territories of the ^*State on one side of the Pir Panjal mountain range to such territories on the other.

(2) No Kahcharai shall be charged on––

(a) sheep and goats less than 6 months old ;

(b) animals other than sheep and goats less than 3 years old ; and

(c) livestock in villages where adequate grazing facilities do not exist and cattle are not taken to forests and Bahaks for grazing.

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) livestock on which Kahcharai has been paid at ‘‘A’’ rates shall, in the event of their becoming liable to ‘B’ or ‘C’ rates, be charged only the difference between ‘A’ rates and ‘B’ or ‘C’ rates, as the case may be.

(4) The goats moving from place to place but not migrating from the territories of the *State on one side of the Pir Panjal mountain range to such territories on the other shall, even if they take a route on the other side of the Pir Panjal mountain range, be liable to be charged ‘B’ rates ; provided that the period of transit through such other side does not exceed 15 days.

1. Sub-clause (i) of section 8 (1) (a) substituted by Act XXIX of 1956.
* Now Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Section 9.Census of livestock.

The Government may, at any time, direct census of livestock or of a particular specie thereof to be taken simultaneously throughout the ^*State or in any part thereof.

* Now Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Section 10. Revision of Internal Village Bachh.

¹[(1) ²[Except in case of Ladakh District where sheep and goats shall be enumerated after every three years, the livestock of a village under village Kahcharai shall be enumerated annually and the incidence of Kahcharai of such village revised accordingly :

Provided that, if between the date of the ³[x x x] enumeration and the due date of the recovery of Kahcharai a decrease of over 25 per cent, in livestock is caused by natural calamities, the Tehsildar shall have power to suspend and the Collector the power to remit the Kahcharai dues on such livestock at the prescribed rates.]

(2) Until fresh enumeration of livestock is made as provided in subsection (1), the enumeration according to which fixed Kahcharai was being assessed immediately before the commencement of this Act shall be taken to be the basis of assessment of village kahcharai under this Act.

1. Sub-section (1) of section 10 substituted by Act XXIX of 1956.
2. Substituted by Act XXXII of 1969 for “The livestock of a village.”
3. Word “Annual” omitted ibid.

Section 11.Registration of nomad graziers.

Every nomad grazier who migrates with his livestock from place to place for pasture in summer and winter, shall be registered by a Kahcharai officer in the Tehsil in which he resides in winter. The registration shall show necessary particulars relating to him and also the species and number of livestock in his possession.

Section 12.Restriction on movement of livestock.

No nomad grazier shall—

(i) move his livestock from one tract to another except under a permit issued under this Act and by routes other than—

(a) those specified in his permit ;

(b) the one on which a barrier or checking post has been notified ;

(ii) take his livestock across the Jhelum and Chenab rivers except by a bridge or Government ferry ;

(iii) pass a barrier or a checking post with his livestock between sunset and sunrise unless written permission is given to him by the Kahcharai officer incharge of the post :

Provided that no permission shall be required in case of such posts as are situate on metalled roads.

Explanation 1.––For purposes of sections 11, 12 and 20 ‘nomad graziers’ include Bakarwals, Gaddis and Gujjars.

Explanation 2.––Optional routes not exceeding three shall be entered in a permit.

Section 13. Certificates for graziers.

The graziers shall, in respect of the livestock included in village Kahcharai assessment and moving outside their village of origin, obtain a certificate from the Patwari of such village on the prescribed form and present it to the Kahcharai officer whenever necessary or required.

Section 14. Prohibition for graziers living outside the State.

(1) No owner or grazier living outside the ^*State shall import goats for browsing into the ^*State.

(2) Where any goats are brought into the ^*State for browsing they shall be liable to be seized and forfeited to the Government.

* Now Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir

Section 15. Restrictions on browsing in closed areas.

No person shall browse his goats in such tracts as are closed to browsing from time to time on grounds of erosion and in the interests of soil conservation under an order of the Chief Conservator of Forests.

Section 16.Lambardari and Patwari Cess.

¹[x x x x]

(2) No cess shall be levied on fluctuating Kahcharai dues.

(3) The Chief Conservator of Forests may authorise payment of remuneration to a person appointed to make collections of fluctuating Kahcharai ; provided that––

(a) such remuneration shall not exceed Rs. 3/2/-per cent of the actual collections made ;

(b) no person who is or who has been a Kahcharai officer shall be appointed to make such collections ;

1. Sub-section (1) repealed by the Jammu and Kashmir Lambardari Act, 1972 (Act No. X of 1972) w.e.f. 1-5-1973.

Section 17.Forfeiture of Lambardari cess and fixed demand.

The Lambardari dues shall be liable to forefeiture under orders of the Collector if the Lambardar does not realize the fixed demand and credit the same into the Government treasury along with the land revenue instalment.

Section 18.Collections.

Village Kahcharai shall be collected in accordance with the procedure laid down for realization of land revenue and its arrears under the Jammu and Kashmir Land Revenue Act, 1996.

Section 19. Powers and classes of Revenue officers.

There shall be the same classes of Revenue officers under this Act as under the Jammu and Kashmir Land Revenue Act, 1996, and in the absence of any order of the Government to the contrary and subject to the provisions of this Act, a Revenue officer of any class having jurisdiction within any local limit under that Act shall be a Revenue officer of the same class having jurisdiction within the same local limits under this Act.

Section 20. Offences in respect of Kahcharai.

(1) Any person who—

(a) dishonestly has or keeps in possession animals which are liable to Kahcharai without payment of the same ; or

(b) dishonestly personates, or gives false information as to his name, parentage, residence or as to the livestock belonging to himself or to any person or fraudulently uses or presents false permit ; or

(c) refuses to give his name or to produce his permit or to correct information in his possession required by a Kahcharai officer ; or

(d) brings into the ^*State any animal, the entry of which within the ^*State is prohibited under this Act ; or

(e) conceals any prohibited or taxable animals or otherwise acts fraudulently with a view to evade detection of prohibited animals or payment of Kahcharai leviable on animals belonging to himself or to any other person ; or

(f) being a nomad grazier fails to get himself and his livestock registered as required by section 11 ; or fails to comply with any of the directions contained in section 12 ;

(g) browses goats in any area closed to browsing under this Act ;

(h) attempts to commit or abets the commission of any act or omission in contravention of any of the foregoing clauses ; or

(i) breaks any rule, framed under this Act for each such act or omission ;

shall be liable to a fine not exceeding Rs. 100 :

Provided that no person shall be liable to be punished for more than one offence at one time.

(2) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall apply to offences in respect of fluctuating Kahcharai only.

* Now Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Section 21. Offences by Kahcharai officers.

(1) If any Kahcharai officer or other person duly employed in the prevention of offences under this Act—

(i) practises or attempts to practise any fraud or does any act for the purpose of injuring the Kahcharai revenue or abets or connives at any such fraud or any attempt to practise any such fraud or act ; or

(ii) is guilty of a wilful contravention of any provision of this Act ; or (iii) requires any place or premises to be searched for taxable or prohibited animals or requires any person to be arrested, without having reasonable ground to believe that there are taxable or prohibited animals concealed about such place or premises or that such person is guilty of an offence under section 17 ; or

(iv) vexatiously and unnecessarily delays forwarding any person arrested under this Act to nearest concerned authority ; or

(v) wilfully or negligently causes any loss or damage to animals at any time while they remain or are lawfully detained at any Kahcharai post or elsewhere under his charge ;

shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, or to a fine not exceeding Rs.1,000 or to both.

(2) The punishment prescribed in sub-section (1) shall be in addition to any departmental punishment which a competent authority in the case may deem fit to award.

Section 22.Power to compound offences.

(1) A Kahcharai officer of rank not lower than that of Forest Ranger or such other person as may be specially empowered by the Minister-in-charge of the Forest Department in this behalf may—

(a) compound any offence described in clauses (a) and (b) of section 20 if the accused pays the amount of Kahcharai leviable on the livestocks in respect of which the offence has been committed together with a penalty of not less than 25 per cent of such amount ; and

(b) in case of other offences covered by section 20 at an amount not exceeding rupees twenty-five.

(2) When the offence has been compounded, the accused, if in custody, shall be discharged, and the property, if any, seized shall be released and no further proceeding shall be taken against such person.

(3) No offence shall be compounded, if more than 15 days have elapsed after the accused was arrested by or appeared before the officer competent to compound the offence.

(4) If any Kahcharai officer without any reasonable cause refuses to compound an offence, the suspected person may, within 15 days of such refusal by the Kahcharai officer, apply to the next superior Kahcharai officer for the offence being compounded, and such next superior officer may compound the offence as provided in sub-section (1) or refuse to compound it.

Section 23. Omitted.

¹[23. Omitted.]

1. Section 23 omitted by Act XL of 1966.

Section 24.Powers to search on reasonable suspicion.

Any Kahcharai officer may search any place or premises ; provided that such officer has reason to believe that taxable or prohibited animals are concealed therein :

Provided further that no dwelling house is searched by an officer lower in rank than a Forest Ranger.

Section 25. Searches how to be made.

All searches under this Act shall be made in accordance with the ¹[Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974)] for the time being in force in the ^*State.

1. Substituted by S.O. 1229 (E) dated 31.03.2020 for “Code of Criminal Procedure”.
* Now Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Section 26.Arrest of persons reasonably suspected and further procedure.

(1) Any person against whom a reasonable suspicion exists that he has been guilty of an offence under section 20 may be arrested by any Kahcharai officer.

(2) If the Kahcharai officer arresting a person under sub-section (1) is competent to compound offences under section 22, he may proceed to compound the offence, otherwise he shall forward the accused forthwith to the nearest officer empowered to compound offences under this Act.

(3) If the Kahcharai officer empowered to compound offences under this Act does not compound the offences for reason to be recorded in writing or cannot be found immediately or if the accused refuses to compound it, he shall call upon him to furnish proper security to appear at such time and place as the Magistrate competent to try the case may appoint and communicate to him.

(4) If the accused fails to furnish proper security, he shall be forwarded to the nearest Magistrate who, if he has no jurisdiction to try the case, may authorise the detention of the accused in such custody as he thinks fit for a term not exceeding 7 days and shall order the accused to be forwarded to the Magistrate having jurisdiction. If such nearest Magistrate has jurisdiction to try the case, he shall himself deal with the accused.

(5) No person who has to be forwarded to a Kahcharai officer under subsection (2), or to a nearest Magistrate under sub-section (4), shall be kept in custody for more than 24 hours, exclusive of the time taken up by the journey to the nearest Magistrate.

(6) A Kahcharai officer not below the rank of a Divisional Forest officer may, at any time, before judgement is announced, withdraw a case, if—

(a) in a case when offence relates to the evasion of Kahcharai, the accused pays such dues together with a penalty of not less than 50 per cent thereof ;

(b) in other case the accused pays a penalty of Rs. 50 in lump sum.

Section 27. Offenders under section 20.

If any person liable to be arrested under section 26 is not arrested at the time of committing the offence, for which he is so liable, or after arrest makes his escape, he may at any time afterwards be arrested and dealt with as if he had been arrested at the time of committing such offence.

Section 28. Animals on which penalties incurred.

(1) A Kahcharai officer may seize any livestock in respect of which any offence has been committed ; provided that he does not seize more animals than are sufficient to meet the liability.

(2) When any fee, fine or penalty is liable under this Act, the animals in respect of which such fees, fine or penalty is liable shall not be removed by the owner until such fee, fine or penalty is paid .The Kahcharai officer shall be competent to detain such animals until such fee, fine or penalty is paid.

(3) The bringing of animals to the proper place for examination in the interest of Kahchari revenue in exercise of powers conferred by this Act or by the rules made thereunder and the removing of such animals to and the placing of them in the proper place of shelter or otherwise, and their feeding during the interval of such examination, shall be performed by or at the expense of the owner.

Section 29. Enforcement of payment.

If a person fails to pay the Kahcharai dues, fine or penalty imposed under this Act within fifteen days of their falling due, a Kahcharai officer not lower than the rank of a Ranger may realise the same by sale of animals of the said person to the extent of the amount due. The sale proceeds shall be utilised to satisfy the demand after deducting the expenses of the sale therefrom.

Section 30.Payment of dues short-levied or erroneously refunded.

When Kahcharai dues or charges have been short-levied through inadvertence, error, collusion, mis-calculation or misconstruction on the part of Kacharai officer, or through mis-statement as to the number of animals on the part of the owner or when any such dues or charges after having been levied have been, owing to any such cause erroneously refunded, the person chargeable with the tax or charge so short-levied or to whom such refund has erroneously been made, shall pay the deficiency or repay the amount paid to him in excess on demand being made, and the Kahcharai officer shall refuse to pass any animal belonging to such person until the said deficiency or excess be paid or repaid :

Provided that the demand for such payment or repayment is made within six months of the date on which the charge was short levied or refund was erroneously made :

Provided further that the amount involved is not less than a rupee.

Section 31.Refund of charges erroneously levied or paid.

When Kahcharai due or charges which has been paid and of which repayment, wholly or in part, is claimed in consequence of the same having been paid through inadvertence, error, miscalculation or mis-construction, the claim shall not be entertained unless it is made within six months from the date of such payment and the amount involved is not less than a rupee.

Section 32.Application of Criminal Procedure Code.

In the conduct of all enquiries held into offences under this Act, the provisions of the ¹[Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974)] shall apply so far as they are applicable.

1. Substituted by S.O. 1229 (E) dated 31.03.2020 for “Code of Criminal Procedure”.

Section 33. Lambardar or Chowkidar bound to give information of all breaches under this Act.

Every Lambardar and Chowkidar shall be bound to give immediate information to a Kahcharai officer of any breach of the provisions of this Act which may come to his knowledge and all Lambardars and Chowkidars shall be bound to take all reasonable measures in their power to prevent the commission of any such breach which they may know or have reasons to believe is likely to be committed.

Section 34.No compensation for loss or damage.

No owner of animals shall be entitled to claim compensation for any loss or damage occuring to such animals at any time while they remain or are lawfully detained at any Kahcharai post or elsewhere under the charge of the Kahcharai officer.

Section 35.Bar of actions.

(1) No action shall lie against the Government or against any Kahcharai officers for damages in any Civil Court for any act bona fide done or ordered to be done in pursuance of this Act or any law for the time being in force relating to the Kahcharai revenue.

(2) All prosecutions of any Kahcharai officer and all actions which may be lawfully brought against the Government or against any Kahcharai officer in respect of any act done or alleged to have been done in pursuance of this Act, shall be instituted within 3 months from the date of the act complained of and not afterwards ; provided that no suit shall be instituted until the expiration of one month after notice has been given stating the cause of action and the name and place of abode of the intending plaintiff and the plaint must contain a statement that such notice has been given.

(3) In such actions for damages it shall be lawful for the Court if tender of sufficient amends shall have been made before the action was brought in awarding the amount so tendered to refuse cost to the plaintiff and direct him to pay the cost of the defendant.

Section 36.Power to make rules.

(1) The Government may make rules for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act.

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section (1), such rules may prescribe and define the powers and duties of the Kahcharai officers and matters required generally for carrying out the purposes of this Act.