Assam act 011 of 1825 : The Bengal Alluvion and Diluvion Regulation, 1825

• 1825: Den . Rcg.ll .J All ll\"1( ~ .\:\"D DILUVlON 81 BL\'U \L l\L(it"L.'\ 1 J ()~ 11 O F 113:.!.3 pnth .\Ju)' 1825.]

,\ H c.~ul.tlion I•Jr ckclfll in.: tlw rule..; to be observed 11 1 c ktc· rminin·~ t.l.tinh to l.uHis ·~. 1inc·d by alluvio11, tJI IJy dcrclirtioll or.t l i\C' l Ill' tJH~ sea .

1. ln 'Olh'''l'll'll< ,. o l Lit• h• I jill 11 1 .o.t~tgcs \duch take piau: l'rramble. in the char11H'I ol the- p t in< tJt d 11• l"l rlt<~l imr.r~cct the [tcrri- toric·5j" imnH·diatr-ly ~""l''t t to tlw l'r~ ·~idt'tH) of f·urt \ Vrl liam , ..t nd tire slrdcint.: •> I the ~.rnd, ,,lt,, h !1• 111 tllf' l>l'd~ rl thosr rivers, chars ll f snJ.d l, sl.lllds .u c· dt•'ll tln•m''l 1111 I" ,d lu vio11 in the Jlliust ol tltc ~ 11'<1111, IH '~~'·•' ' '"''Ill tl..- l;,mb.' a11Li large portions of land :lit' (", ( fl in! .t\\,1\ it\ l'lli. I O,IIIIl ll l Ill ttf l ltC' I ivcr On OOC side, wlulsl .tu.:c·,,iull,· ttl !.111" .t • t t!le ~;li nt · time, o r ln .;ulJW< IIICIII t 11".>, !.\ lfltui IJ\ .J, 1 )ulitlll td till' ll'at lt , , 1H'1u;1 t IJnwnt and

d er eliction ,tl<.o su:wlllll•·~ ucuJI u11 11w ,<;;1 -n.M~l w hrc h bortlcis the ~outhcrll ,rncl south •·.t\ICn t limit~ ol lku~a l.

T he l and ~ g ~II • .,r ,., ll''ldl•>rl .. ~~td <~il'l.iy , dntl <~lthouuh tlu l.1w •'"" 111\l, 11 ,t tl"· , P\llltlV h;n' c.stttblis h c J rnl<-s apphc.d,lc t11 Si t' h , 'lSI'' · 1l1• ~ 11tln 1111l IH u1~ generall y l..now n , tl 1•; ( :o111l\ of ) 1tq11 ,. 11'1\ · "lll wti mes follllU it clifiicu lt to dl'll'llllilll' tire llt•l,h c.l.!rll, 111 t )'•ilti•·' cl.ti rnirH! t·ha r~ or other J.111dS ~·lllll d i11 lfH' lll.lll ll{'l otit trl ( r10 II tfu 1 l.tW (}lfi('l'fS ol' r ..tcJr pcr~Utl· ~11)11, aud on c:onsid•·r;!lion qfllrt· •c·pn1 ts fillni r t lw 'it'd , tlw (;,,\llllol 1 · ~·r J•r.tl in (..l,ullci l l,;ls d tTlllcd it proprr to l'll < t t lw li>llol\ i111!, rult, J,, t),,. •• t 'IH 1 o1 1 i lrl••ttllil l 10 ll of indivi- du.ds as 111-11 '" ''" 11, •1 ! .. 1 tl t. ( (Jll ll s .. t.J wli ('a turc: to he in i(rn ·•·, .t~ "J'•Il ,1< J•l'llll" I' 11111111 J.olll t)IC' 1\hOJr- OJ' the !tc~rillu w'l ,.tl•l" 1 1., 1 1• !'r• ,HJ,.nrl ''' l11r1 \\'illi;1111: - 2 . Wll<'lll'\('1 o\11) tl• ;u •11'- dt{lllile IIS,l"l' tJI shikast paiwast ~-ld ims and

· I 1 · 1 • 1 1 1 1 h d1sputcs as to ft'~pi'Ctlll~ l II_ ( bflllll 11<)11 )' lll' rncroac - ll . I I d

. , . . II I l I d •I uv•a an ' rner>l or Jcn ~> nl •I nv1'1' "' ·'' o~,t\<. IJn·rr rrun>Cll lltl til y I'Sta J 1S 1e , 10 u e dccidr.i ti'1r dt·lrnnilllll'!; thl' lft• hl ~ t•t' tht' l>r Iit·tor~ of tWO or mOJ c b y · usage when clearly

rccogmicd

• a ntl csta· ______ blisltcri . 1 "'If(}({ I I l Tl.l I !.1• ,),t" • lie! ''·'' "1\'tlt 11!'17 '\ •I (llt1 7 ''"' ,, l"·dcd U Jl :,\I. L.\. l l \ l Ill }\ ul •II t 11• 11 tlr 1 l.nt .1, Ill uvl.li<.!lioll lll>dnll••·~tl••rltdo~l Lllltlrt \,t lo7 1 :\1\ •I IH71',, .. 1,1"Ir inll•rt ('ill th.- di c.i1 '' • I S1 II {'I r; "" J ldl , h..l•, t • 11 ,. 1 11,,;,, J 1111,, :-,,,ga lltlls awl · • •d)p.tta xvpc I -t1 11 D

1 t , 11 ), I <•tihl >lit. l\• 'l.l-1. ., tl,ttcd _27th !:>cp- tcmbn 19.17.

5ubSiJT Ulr.d fur l'tll\illll'S. IJy :\,O,t l 9!'itJ,

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82 ALLUVION' AND 0JLUVION (J825: Ben. Reg.ll.

contiguous estates divided by a river (such as that the main chan- nel of the river dividing the estates shall be the constant boundary between them, whatever changes may take p lace in the course of the river, by encroachment on one side and accession on the other), the usage so established shall govern the decisiqn of all claims and disputes relative to allu vial land between the parties whose estates may be liable to such usage.

Wh r no 3 . Where there may be no local u~age of the nature usa;eeestab- to in the p receding section, the general rules declared lished cl~ims following section shall be applied to the determination ltow decaded.claims and disputes telative to lands gained by alluvion dereliction either of a river or the sea.

referred

m the

of all

or by

Luds gained 4. First.- When land may be gained by gradual accession by g~adual whether from the recess of a river or of the sea, it shall be con~ ! ccesston sidcrecl an increment to the tenure of the person to whose land or rrom recess . . d of river or estate 1t lS thus annexe , whether such land or ~state be held

sea. immediately from [the Govermnentjl- by a zamindar or other superior land-holder, or as a subordinate tenure, by any descrip- tion of under--tenant whatever :

• f Provided that the increment of land thus obtained shall not .r.xtcnt o . h · · f h interest in entitle t e person m possessiOn o . t e estate or tenure to which increment of the land may be annexed to a n ght of property or permanent person. in interest therein beyond that possessed by him in the estate or pflsessaon. tenure to which the land may Le annexed, and shall not in any case be understood to exempt the holder of it from .the payment _

to [the Government]:~. of any assessmentJ?r the pubhc rev~nue to

which it may be liable under . the. provJSJOIIS of Rcgulat10n 2,

1819,' or of any other Regulation 111 force .

•:--ror if annexed to a subordinate tenure held under a : 1~ 1d holder shall the under-tenant, whether a khudkast supeno~ ldin.g a maurusi istimrari tenure at a fixed rate of rent raJyab~' I o r ailY other description of undertenant liable by his

per tg 1a, o - f t r,

ts or by established usage, to an mCl'ease o ren or engagemen • 11 · 1 'dered exempt the land annexed to his tenure by a uviOn, Je co.nst f^l nt Of

any increase of rent to whtch he may be rom t 1e pay me

justly liable.

lTne words 'the Crown' was ~u~titutcd iot ·'Govrrnn;ebnt"Aby thle9ASOO.

· be 1 tit ted by ·GowrnmeJtt Y .0., ·

1937 ; fC~wn')(.amd has nu~n⁵~~:css~lcnt (Resumed Lands) Re~ulation,

•The . enga. an -r~vc , m In 50 far as tbr permanently-settled 1819. It lS no~ m_f01ce tn As. a . 'and the district of Cachar are concerned the estates of the dtstrtct of Goal para R 1 t" 1 1 1886" were substitlltcd words "the A~sam La

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nd. and 11 Rrvf;~~~. bygu ;.,~~:n °Act 1 of 1929 and Assam for the words "Regu atlon ° Act XI of 1936 respectively. ,

ncutl -s<'ltkd c:statl·s of the district ~f ~oalpar,a.

sin~~ fa~ as the per~ y ~rncd the word, commencing wnh Nor, t ! and the dtstnct of <;Jacbar are ~~¹¹~ 0 "any incr~ase of rent to which be may be annc.xe~ to a subordinate

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tdeuburAss· Act l of 1929 and Assam Act Xl of 1936 justly !table' • were repea e Y am "

respectively.

\.'t6'

' tO~ \)ttJ e~

i\l

' • e

0

•⁽⁾

•⁰

• 1ft25~ Ben. Reg.tl.] ALLUVION AND DILUVION Second.-The above rule shall not be considered applicable When ~det to cases in which a river, by a sudden change of its course, may ~~an;~ O:C break through and intersect an estate without any gradual course intec• encroachment, or may by the violence of strea'm separate a con- sects estate, siderable piece of land from one estate and join it to another estate, without destroying the identity and preventing the recog- nition of the land so removed.

In such cases the land, on being clearly recognized, shall remain the property of its original ow11er.

Third.- When a chat or island may be thrown up in a large Chao navigable river (the bed of which is not the property of an indi· ~hrown . up vidual), or in the sea, and the channel of the river or sea between bj ~wlga• such island and .the shore may not be fordable it shall, according e riVer. to established usage, be at the disposal of [the Government ]I. But if the channel between such island and the shore be for- Property dable at any season of the year, it shall be considered an acces- thherein h · h d f h w en c a.a- siOn to t e Ian tenure or tenures o t e person or persons whose nel for• estatr or estates may be most contiguous to it, subject to the dable. several provisions specified in the first clause of this section with

. respect to increment of land by gradual accession . Fourth.-ln small ana shallow rivers, the beds of which, with Chara, etc., the jalkar right of fishery, may have been heretofore recognized !hrown u 1 ~ as the property of individuals, any sand-bank or char that may ~nh a 1 ~~aw he thrown up shall, as hi thcrto, belong to the proprietor of the rivers. ·

bed of the rivet·, subject to the provisions stated in the first clause

of the present section .

Fifth.-T n all other cases, namely, in all cases of claims and Dis I? u t o•s

disputes respecting land gained by alluvion or by dereliction of a lelaJ've . t~

river or the sci\, which are not specifically provided for by the b~n ! 1 f~~~n

rules contained in this Regulation, the Court of Justice, in or by dere·

deciding upon such claims and disputes, shall be guided by the lictio.n not

best evidence they may be able to obtain of established local prov~ed {or

' usage, if there he any applicable to the case, or, if not, by gene- ~fon egu a•

ral principles of equity and justice. ·

5. Nothing in this R egulation shall be construed to justif~ Encroach- any encroachments by individuals on the beds or channels of ~dts⁰:C navigable rivers or to prevent Zila • *²Magistrates or any nav~gable other officers of [the Government]¹who may be duly empowered rivers and for that purpose from removing obstacles which appear to in- other . ob- terfere with the safe and cu~tomary n~vigation of such rivers, or atrucuons.

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