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act 002 of 1934 : Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934

CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IIIA
CHAPTER III B
CHAPTER IIIC
CHAPTER IIID
CHAPTER IIIE
CHAPTER IIIF
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
Section 1.Short title, extent and commencement.

(1) This Act may be called the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

1[(2) It extends to the whole of India 2***.]
(3) This section shall come into force at once, and the remaining provisions of this Act shall come into force on such date or dates3 as the 4[Central Government] may, by notification in the Gazette of India, appoint.


1. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for sub-section (2).
2. The words "except the State of Jammu and Kashmir" omitted by Act 62 of 1956, s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
3. Sections 2 to 19, 47, 50 to 52, 55 to 58 and 61 were brought into force on 1st January, 1935,see Gazette of India, 1934, Pt. I, p. 1369, and the other sections on 1st April, 1935, seeibid., 1935, Pt. I, p. 538.
4. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C".

Section 2.Definitions.

In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,--

1 * * * * *
2 [(aii)] the Bank means the Reserve Bank of India constituted by this Act;
3[(aiii)] Bank for International Settlements means by body corporate established with the said name under the law of Switzerland in pursuance of an agreement dated the 20th January, 1930, signed at The Hague;]
(b) the Central Board means the Central Board of Directors of the Bank;
4 * * * * *
5 [(bva) Consumer Price Index means the Consumer Price Index Combined published by the Government of India from time to time;]
6 [ 7 [(bvi)] Deposit Insurance Corporation means the Deposit Insurance Corporation established under section 3 of the Deposit Insurance Corporation Act, 1961 (47 of 1961);]
8 * * * * *
9 * * * * *
10 [(bviiia)Exim Bank means the Export-Import Bank of India established under the ExportImport Bank of India Act, 1981 (28 of 1981);]
11 [(bix) foreign currency and foreign exchange have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973(46 of 1973);
(c) Industrial Finance Corporation means the Industrial Finance Corporation of India established under the Industrial Finance Corporation Act, 1948 (15 of 1948);]
5 [(ci) inflation means the year wise change in monthly Consumer Price Index expressed in terms of percentage;
(cii) inflation target means the inflation target determined in accordance with sub-section (1) of section 45ZA;]
12 [(ca) International Development Association means the Association referred to in the International Development Association (Status, Immunities and Privileges) Act, 1960 (32 of 1960);
(cb) International Finance Corporation means the Corporation referred to in the International Finance Corporation (Status, Immunities and Privileges) Act, 1958 (42 of 1958);
(cc) International Monetary Fund and International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment means respectively the International Fund and the International Bank, referred to in the International Monetary Fund and Bank Act, 1945;]
5 [(cci) Monetary Policy Committee means the Committee constituted under sub-section (1) of section 45ZB;]
13 [(ccc) National Bank means the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development established under section 3 of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981 (61 of 1981);]
14[(ccci) National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development means the Institution established under section 3 of the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development Act, 2021;
(cccii) other development financial institution means a development financial institution licensed under section 29 of the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development Act, 2021;]
15 [(cccc) National Housing Bank means the National Housing Bank established under section 3 of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987 (53 of 1987);]
5 [(cccci) Policy Rate means the rate for repo-transactions under sub-section (12AB) of section 17;]
16* * * * *
17 [(cv) Reconstruction Bank means the Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India established under section 3 of the Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India Act, 1984 (62 of 1984);]
(d) rupee coin means 18 *** rupees which are legal tender 19 [in 20 [India]] under the provisions of the Indian Coinage Act, 1906 (3 of 1906);21 ***
(e) scheduled bank means a bank included in the Second Schedule;
22 [(el) Small Industries Bank means the Small Industries Development Bank of India established under section 3 of the Small Industries Development Bank of India Act, 1989 (39 of 1989);]
23 [(ea) Sponsor Bank means a Sponsor Bank as defined in the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 (21 of 1976);]
24 [ 25 [(eb)] State Bank means the State Bank of India constituted under the State Bank of India Act, 1955 (23 of 1955);]
26* * * * *
27[(fi) State Financial Corporation means any State Financial Corporation established under the State Financial Corporations Act, 1951 (63 of 1951);]
28* * * * *
29[(g) Unit Trust means the Unit Trust of India established under section 3 of the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963 (52 of 1963);]
30 [(h) agricultural operations, central co-operative bank, co-operative society, crops, marketing of corps, pisciculture, regional rural bank and State co-operative bank shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981 (61 of 1981);
(i) co-operative bank, co-operative credit society, director, primary agricultural credit society, primary co-operative bank and primary credit society shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in Part V of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949).]


1. Clauses (a) and (ai) omitted by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
2. Clause (aa) re-lettered as clause (aii) by Act 23 of 1965, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-3-1966).
3. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 2 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
4. Clauses (bi), (bii), (biii), (biv) and (bv) omitted by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 12-7-1982). Earlier these clauses were substituted by Act 23 of 1965, s. 2, for clause (bb) (w.e.f. 1-3-1966).
5. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 221 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).
6. Ins. by Act 47 of 1961, s. 2 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1962).
7. Clause (bbb) re-lettered as clause (bvi) thereof by Act 23 of 1965, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-3-1966).
8. Clause (bvii) omitted by Act 53 of 2003, s. 12 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 2-7-2004).
9. Clause (bviii) omitted by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
10. Ins. by Act 28 of 1981, s. 40 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1982).
11. Subs. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 3, for clause (c) (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
12. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 2 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
13. Ins. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
14. Ins. by Act 17 of 2021, s. 47 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 19-4-2021).
15. Ins. by Act 53 of 1987, s. 56 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 9-7-1988).
16. Clauses (ci), (cia), (cii), (ciii), (civ), (cv) omitted by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
17. Ins. by Act 62 of 1984, s. 71 and the Third Schedule (w.e.f. 20-3-1985).
18. The word silver omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
19. Ins. by the M.O. 1937.
20. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 2, for the States (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
21. The word and omitted by the M.O. 1937.
22. Ins. by Act 39 of 1989, s. 53 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 7-3-1990).
23. Ins. by Act 21 of 1976, s. 33 (w.e.f. 26-9-1975).
24. Ins. by Act 23 of 1955, s. 52 and the Third Schedule (w.e.f. 1-7-1955). Earlier clause (ee) inserted by the A.O. 1950 which was later omitted by Act 32 of 1951, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
25. Clause (ee) re-lettered as clause (eb) thereof by Act 21 of 1976, s. 33 (w.e.f. 26-9-1975).
26. Clause (f) omitted by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
27. Ins. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 3 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
28. Clauses (f) to (k) omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was earlier inserted by the M.O. 1937.
29. Ins. by Act 52 of 1963, s. 44 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-2-1964). Earlier clause (g) was inserted by Act 32 of 1951, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951) which was later omitted by Act 62 of 1956, s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
30. Ins. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).

Section 3.Establishment and incorporation of Reserve Bank.

1[3. Establishment and incorporation of Reserve Bank.--(1) A bank to be called the Reserve Bank of India shall be constituted for the purposes of taking over the management of the currency from the 2[Central Government] and of carrying on the business of banking in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

(2) The Bank shall be a body corporate by the name of the Reserve Bank of India, having perpetual succession and a common seal, and shall by the said name sue and be sued.


1. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for "SHARE CAPITAL" (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
2. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".

Section 4.Capital of the Bank.

1[4. Capital of the Bank.--The capital of the Bank shall be five crores of rupees.]



1. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for section 4 (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 5.[Omitted.].

[Increase and reduction of share capital.]--Omitted by the Reserve Bank (Transfer to Public Ownership)Act,1948 (62 of1948), s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).



Section 6.Offices, branches and agencies.

The Bank shall, as soon as may be, establish offices in Bombay, Calcutta, 1[Delhi and Madras] 2*** and may establish branches or agencies in any other place in India 3*** or, with the previous sanction of the 4[Central Government] elsewhere.



1. Subs. by Act 11 of 1947, s. 5, for "Delhi, Madras and Rangoon" (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
2. The words "and a branch in London" omitted by Act 24 of 1955, s. 3 (w.e.f. 8-5-1955).
3. The words "or Burma" omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was earlier inserted by the M.O. 1937.
4. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".

Section 7.Management.

1[7. Management.--(1) The Central Government may from time to time give such directions to the Bank as it may, after consultation with the Governor of the Bank, consider necessary in the public interest.

(2) Subject to any such directions, the general superintendence and direction of the affairs and business of the Bank shall be entrusted to a Central Board of Directors which may exercise all powers and do all acts and things which may be exercised or done by the Bank.
2[(3) Save as otherwise provided in regulations made by the Central Board, the Governor and in his absence the Deputy Governor nominated by him in his behalf, shall also have powers of general superintendence and direction of the affairs and the business of the Bank, and may exercise all powers and do all acts and things which may be exercised or done by the Bank.]]


1. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for section 7 (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
2. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 5, for sub-section (3) (w.r.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 8.Composition of the Central Board, and term of office of Directors.

2[(1) The Central Board shall consist of the following Directors, namely:--

(a) a Governor and 3[not more than four] Deputy Governors to be appointed by the Central Government;
(b) four Directors to be nominated by the Central Government, one from each of the four Local Boards as constituted by section 9;
(c) 4[ten] Directors to be nominated by the Central Government; and
(d) one Government official to be nominated by the Central Government.]
(2) The Governor and Deputy Governors shall devote their whole time to the affairs of the Bank, and shall receive such salaries and allowances as may be determined by the Central Board, with the approval of the 1[Central Government]:
5[Provided that the Central Board may, if in its opinion it is necessary in the public interest so to do, permit the Governor or a Deputy Governor to undertake, at the request of the Central Government or any State Government, such part-time honorary work, whether related to the purposes of this Act or not, as is not likely to interfere with his duties as Governor or Deputy Governor, as the case may be:]
6[Provided further that the Central Government may, in consultation with the Bank, appoint a Deputy Governor as the Chairman of the National Bank, on such terms and conditions as that Government may specify.]
(3) A Deputy Governor and the Director nominated under clause (d) of subsection (1) may attend any meeting of the Central Board and take part in its deliberations but shall not be entitled to vote:
7[Provided that when the Governor is, for any reason, unable to attend any such meeting, a Deputy Governor authorised by him in this behalf in writing may vote for him at that meeting.]
(4) The Governor and a Deputy Governor shall hold office for such term not exceeding five years as the 8[Central Government] may fix when appointing them, and shall be eligible for re-appointment.
9[A Director nominated under clause (c) of sub-section (1) shall 10*** hold office for a period of four years 11[and 12[shall be eligible for reappointment:
Provided that any such Director shall not be appointed for more than two terms, that is, for a maximum period of eight years either continuously or intermittently.]]]
A Director nominated under clause (d) of sub-section (1) shall hold office during the pleasure of the 8[Central Government.]
(5) No act or proceeding of the Board shall be questioned on the ground merely of the existence of any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of, the Board.
13[ 14* * * * *
(7) A retiring Director shall be eligible for re-nomination.]


1. 5. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
2. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
3. Subs. by Act 18 of 1964, s. 38 and the Second Schedule, for "three" (w.e.f. 1-7-1964).
4. Subs. by s. 38 and the Second Schedule, ibid., for "six" (w.e.f. 1-7-1964).
5. Added by Act 35 of 1962, s. 2 (w.e.f. 15-9-1962).
6. Ins. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
7. Subs. by Act 54 of 1953, s. 2, for the proviso (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
8. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
9. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for second paragraph (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
10. The words, brackets and figure "subject to the provisions of sub-section (6)" omitted by Act 18 of 1964, s. 38 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-7-1964).
11. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 4 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
12. Subs. by Act 4 of 2013, s. 17 and the Schedule, for "thereafter until his successor shall have been nominated" (w.e.f. 18-1-2013).
13. Added by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
14. Sub-section (6) omitted by Act 18 of 1964, s. 38 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-7-1964).

Section 9.Local Boards, their constitution and functions.

1[9. Local Boards, their constitution and functions.--(1) A Local Board shall be constituted for each of the four areas specified in the First Schedule and shall consist of five members to be appointed by the Central Government to represent, as far as possible, territorial and economic interests and the interests of co-operative and indigenous banks.

(2) The members of the Local Board shall elect from amongst themselves one person to be the chairman of the Board.
2[(3) Every member of a Local Board shall hold office for a term of four years and 3[shall be eligible for reappointment:
Provided that any such member shall not be appointed for more than two terms, that is, for a maximum period of eight years either continuously or intermittently].]
(4) A Local Board shall advise the Central Board on such matters as may be generally or specifically referred to it and shall perform such duties as the Central Board may delegate to it.]


1. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for section 9 (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
2. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 5, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
3. Subs. by Act 4 of 2013, s. 17 and the Schedule, for "thereafter until his successor shall have been appointed and shall be eligible for reappointment" (w.e.f. 18-1-2013).

Section 10.Disqualifications of Directors and members of Local Boards.

(1) No person may be a Director or a member of a Local Board who--

(a) isa salaried Government official 1*** 2***, or
(b) is, or at any time has been, adjudicated an insolvent, or has suspended payment or has compounded with his creditors, or
(c) is fund lunatic or becomes of unsound mind, or
(d) is an officer or employee of any bank, or
3[(e) is a Director of banking company within the meaning of clause (c) of section 5 of the 4[Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949)], or of a co-operative bank.]
(2) No two persons who are partners of the same mercantile firm, or are Directors of the same private company, or one of whom is the general agent of or holds a power of procuration from the other, or from a mercantile firm of which the other is a partner, may be Directors or members of the same Local Board at the same time.
(3) Nothing in clause (a), clause (d) or clause (e) of sub-section (1) shall apply to the Governor, or to a Deputy Governor or to the Director nominated under clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 8.


1. The words "or a salaried official of a State in India" omitted by the A.O. 1950.
2. The words "or Burma" omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 8 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947). Earlier inserted by the M.O. 1937.
3. Subs. by Act 23 of 1965, s. 3, for clause (e) (w.e.f. 1-3-1966).
4. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 3, for "Banking Companies Act, 1949" (w.e.f. 13-12-1974)

Section 11.Removal from and vacation of office.

(1) The 1[Central Government] may remove from office the Governor, or a Deputy Governor or 2[any other Director or any member of a Local Board]:

3* * * * *
4[(2) A Director nominated under clause (b) or clause (c) of sub-section(1) of section 8 shall cease to hold office if without leave from the Central Board he absents himself from three consecutive meetings of the Board convened under sub-section (1) of section 13.]
(3) The 1[Central Government] shall remove from office any Director, and the Central Board shall remove from office any member of a Local Board, if such Director or member becomes subject to any of the disqualifications specified in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 10.
(4) A Director or member of a Local Board removed or ceasing to hold office under the foregoing sub-sections shall not be eligible for re-appointment either as Director or as member of a Local Board until the expiry of the term for which his appointment was made.
(5) The 5*** nomination @6*** as Director or member of a Local Board of any person who is a member of 7 [Parliament or the Legislature 8[of any State]] shall be void, unless within two months of the date of his 5*** nomination 6*** he ceases to be such member, and if any Director or member of a Local Board is elected or nominated as a member of 9[Parliament or any such Legislature], he shall cease to be a Director or member of the Local Board as from the date of such election or nomination, as the case may be.
(6) A Director may resign his office to the 1[Central Government], and a member of a Local Board may resign his office to the Central Board, and on the acceptance of the resignation the office shall become vacant.


1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
2. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 6, for "any other Director" (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
3. The proviso omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
4. Subs. by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid., for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
5. The word "appointment" omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
6. The words "or election" omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
7. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for certain words.
8. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 6, for "of a Part A State or a Part C State" (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
9. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for "any such Legislature or Council".

Section 12.Casual vacancies and absences.

(1) If the Governor or a Deputy Governor by infirmity or otherwise is rendered incapable of executing his duties or is absent on leave or otherwise in circumstances not involving the vacation of his appointment, the 1[Central Government] may, after consideration of the recommendations made by the Central Board in this behalf, appoint another person to officiate for him, and such person may, notwithstanding anything contained in clause (d) or sub-section (1) of section10, be an officer of the Bank.

2* * * * *
(3) Where any casual vacancy in the office of any member of a Local Board occurs 3*** the Central Board may nominate thereto any 4*** person recommended by the 5[other] members of the Local Board.
(4) Where any casual vacancy occurs in the office of a Director other than the vacancies provided for in sub-section(1), the vacancy shall be filled 6[by the Central Government].
(5) A person nominated 7***under this section to fill a casual vacancy shall 8*** hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of his predecessor.


1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
2. Sub-section (2) omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
3. The words "otherwise than by the occurrence of a vacancy in the office of a Director elected by the Local Board" omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
4. The word "qualified" omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
5. Subs. by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid., for "elected" (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
6. Subs. by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
7. The words "or elected" omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
8. The words, brackets and figure "subject to the proviso contained in sub-section (4)" omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 13.Meetings of the Central Board.

(1) Meetings of the Central Board shall be conveyed by the Governor at least six times in each year and at least once in each quarter.

(2) Any 1[four Directors] may require the Governor to convene a meeting of the Central Board at any time and the Governor shall forthwith convene a meeting accordingly.
(3) The Governor, or 2[if for any reason, he is unable to attend,] the Deputy Governor authorised by the Governor under the proviso to sub-section (3) of section 8 to vote for him shall preside at meetings of the Central Board, and, in the event of an equality of votes, shall have a second or casting vote.


1. Subs. by Act 18 of 1964, s. 38 and the Second Schedule, for "three Directors" (w.e.f. 1-7-1964).
2. Subs. by Act 24 of 1955, s. 5, for "in his absence" (w.e.f. 8-5-1955).

Section 14.[Omitted.].

[General meetings].--Omitted by the Reserve Bank (Transfer to Public Ownership) Act, 1948 (62 of 1948), s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).



Section 15.[Omitted.].

[First constitution of the Central Board].--Omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).



Section 16.[Omitted.].

[First constitution of local board].--Omitted by s.7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).



Section 17.Business which the Bank may transact.

The Bank shall be authorised to carry on and transact the several kinds of business hereinafter specified, namely:--

(1) the accepting of money on deposit without interest from, and the collection of money for, 1*** the 2[Central Government], 3[4*** the 5[State] Government 6***] 7*** local authorities, banks and any other persons:
8[(1A) The accepting of money as deposits, repayable with interest, from banks or any other person under the Standing Deposit Facility Scheme, as approved by the Central Board, from time to time, for the purposes of liquidity management; ]
(2) (a) the purchase, sale and rediscount of bills of exchange and promissory notes, 9[drawn on 10[and payable in India ]] and arising out of bona fide@i/@ commercial or trade transaction bearing two or more good signatures, one of which shall be that of a scheduled bank 11[or a State co-operative bank ] 12[or any financial institution, which is predominantly engaged in the acceptance or discounting of bills of exchange and promissory notes and which is approved by the Bank in this behalf] 13*** and 14[maturing,--
(i) in the case of bills of exchange and promissory notes arising out of any such transaction relating to the export of goods from India, within one hundred and eighty days, and
(ii) in any other case, within ninety days,
from the date of such purchase or rediscount exclusive of days of grace;]
(b) the purchase, sale and rediscount of bills of exchange and promissory notes, 15[drawn 16[and payable in India ]] and bearing two or more good signatures, one of which shall be that of a scheduled bank 17[or a 18State] co-operative bank 19[or any financial institution, which is predominantly engaged in the acceptance or discounting of bills of exchange and promissory notes and which is approved by the Bank in this behalf] and drawn or issued for the purpose of 20[financing agricultural operations] or the marketing of crops, and maturing within 21[fifteen months] from the date of such purchase or rediscount, exclusive of days of grace;
22* * * * *
23[ (bb) the purchase, sale and rediscount of bills of exchange and promissory notes drawn and payable in India and bearing two or more good signatures, one of which shall be that of a State cooperative bank or a State financial corporation 19[or any financial institution, which is predominantly engaged in the acceptance or discounting of bills of exchange and promissory notes and which is approved by the Bank in this behalf ], and drawn or issued for the purpose of financing the production or marketing activities of cottage and small-scale industries approved by the Bank and maturing within twelve months from the date of such purchase or rediscount, exclusive of days of grace, provided that the payment of the principal and interest of such bills of exchange or promissory notes is fully guaranteed by the State Government; ]
(c) the purchase, sale and rediscount of bills of exchange and promissory notes 15[drawn 24[and payable in India]] and bearing the signature of a scheduled bank, 25*** and issued or drawn for the purpose of holding or trading in securities of 26 [the Central Government 27 [or a 28[State ] Government ]] 28*** and maturing within ninety days from the date of such purchase or rediscount, exclusive of days of grace;
(3) (a) the purchase from and sale to scheduled banks 29*** of 30[foreign exchange] 31***;
32[(b) the purchase sale and rediscount of bills of exchange (including treasury bills) drawn in or on any place in any country outside India which is a member of the International Monetary Fund and maturing,--
(i) in the case of bills of exchange arising out of any bona fide transaction relating to the export of goods from India, within one hundred and eighty days, and
(ii) in any other case, within ninety days,
from the date of such purchase or rediscount:
Provided that no such purchase, sale or rediscount shall be made in India except with a scheduled bank or a State co-operative bank;
33* * * * *
34[(3A) the making to any scheduled bank or State co-operative bank, or loans and advances, against promissory notes or such bank, repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding one hundred and eighty days:
Provided that the borrowing bank furnishes a declaration in writing, to the effect that--
(i) it holds bills of exchange arising out of any transaction relating to the export of goods from India of a value not less than the amount of such loans or advances,--
(a) drawn in India and no any place in any country outside India which is a member of the International Monetary Fund or in any other country notified in this behalf by the Bank in the Gazette of India, and
35(b) maturing not later than one hundred and eighty days from the date of the loan or advance, and it will, so long as any part of such loans and advances remains unpaid, continue to hold such bills of exchange of a value not less than the amount of such loans or advances outstanding for the time being; or]
36[(ii) it has granted a pre-shipment loan or advance to an exporter or any other person in India in order to enable him to export goods from India, the amount of the loan or advance drawn and outstanding at any time being not less than the outstanding amount of the loan or advance obtained by the borrowing bank from the Bank. ]]
37[(3B) the making to any scheduled bank or State co-operative bank or loans and advances repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding one hundred and eighty days against promissory notes of such bank:
Provided that the borrowing bank furnishes a declaration in writing to the effect that it has made loans and advances for bona fide commercial or trade transactions or for financing agricultural operations or the marketing of crops or for other agricultural purposes as set out in the declaration and the said declaration includes such other particulars as may be required by the Bank;]
(4) the making to 38*** local authorities, scheduled banks 38, 40*** 41[State] co-operative banks 42and State Financial Corporations 43***]] or loans and advances, repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding ninety days, against the security of--
(a) stocks, funds and securities (other than immovable property) in which a trustee is authorised to invest trust money by any Act of Parliament 44[of the United Kingdom] or by any law for time being in force in 45[India] 46***;
(b) gold or silver or documents of title to the same;
(c) such bills of exchange and promissory notes as are eligible for purchase or rediscount by the Bank 47 [or as are fully guaranteed as to the repayment of the principal and payment of interest by a State Government;];
(d) promissory notes of any scheduled bank 48[ 49[or 50[State ]] co-operative bank ], supported by documents of title to goods 51[such documents having been transferred], assigned, or pledged to any such bank as security for 52[a loan or advance made] for bona fide commercial or trade transactions, or for the purpose of 53[financing agricultural operations] or the marketing of crops:
54[Provided that loans and advances made against the security of bills of exchange and promissory notes arising out of any transaction relating to the export of goods from India shall be repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding one hundred and eighty days;]
55[(4A) the making to any State Financial Corporation 56***, of loans and advances repayable on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding eighteen months from the date of such loan or advance, against securities of the Central Government or of any State Government, of any maturity, or against bonds and debentures issued by that Corporation and guaranteed by the State Government concerned and maturing within a period not exceeding eighteen months from the date of such loan or advance:
57[Provided that the previous approval of the State Government shall be obtained for the borrowing by the State Financial Corporation and the amount of loans and advances granted to that Corporation under this clause shall not, at any time, exceed in the aggregate 58[twice the paid-up share capital thereof;]]
59[ 60[(4AA)] the making of annual contributions to the National Rural Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund and the National Rural Credit (Stabilisation) Fund established under sections 42 and 43, respectively, of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981 (61 of 1981); ]
61[(4B) the making to the Industrial Finance Corporation of India 62*** of loans and advances,--
(a) repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding ninety days from the date of such loan or advance, against securities of the Central Government or of any State Government; or
(b) repayable on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding eighteen months from the date of such loan or advance, against securities of the Central Government of any maturity or against bonds and debentures issued by the Corporation and guaranteed by the Central Government and maturity within a period not exceeding eighteen months from the date of such loan or advance;
63* * * * * ]
64[(4BB) the making to any financial institution notified by the Central Government in this behalf, of loans and advances,--
(a) repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding ninety days from the date of such loan or advance, against the securities of the Central Government or of any State Government, or
(b) repayable on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding eighteen months from the date of such loan or advance, against securities of the Central Government or of any State Government, of any maturity, or against bonds and debentures issued by that financial institution and guaranteed by the Central Government or any State Government, and maturing within a period not exceeding eighteen months from the date of such loan or advance:
Provided that the amount of loans and advances granted to a financial institution under sub-clause (@i/i@) shall not, at any time, exceed in the aggregate sixty per cent. of the paid-up share capital thereof;
65[(4BBB) the making to the Unit Trust of loans and advances---
(i) repayable on demand or on the expiry of a fixed period not exceeding ninety days from the date of such loan or advance against the security of stocks, funds and securities (other than immovable property) in which a trustee is authorised to invest trust money by any law for the time being in force in India; 66***
(ii) repayable on demand or within a period of eighteen months from the date of such loan or advance against the security of the bonds of the Unit Trust issued with the approval of and guaranteed by the Central Government;
67[(iii) for the purpose of any scheme other than the first unit scheme under the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963 (52 of 1963) on such terms and conditions and against the security of such other property of the Unit Trust as may be specified in this behalf by the Bank;] 68[(4C) the making to a Warehousing Corporation established under the Agricultural Produce (Development and Warehousing) Corporations Act, 1956 (28 of 1956) of loans and advances,--
(a) repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding ninety days, from the date of such loan or advance, against securities of the Central Government or of any State Government, or
(b) repayable on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding eighteen months from the date of such loan or advance, against securities of the Central Government or of any State Government, of any maturity, or against bonds and debentures issued by the corporation to which the loan or advance is made, and guaranteed by the Central or a State Government, and maturing within a period not exceeding eighteen months from the date of such loan or advance:
Provided that the amount of loans and advances granted under clause (b) shall not at any time exceed, in the aggregate, three crores of rupees in the case of the Central Warehousing Corporation and fifty lakhs of rupees in the case of a State Warehousing Corporation; ]
69[(4D) the making to the Deposit Insurance Corporation of loans and advances; and generally assisting the Corporation in such manner and on such terms as may be determined by the Central Board;]
70[(4DD) the making to the National Housing Bank of loans and advances arid generally assisting the National Housing Bank in such manner and on such terms as may be determined by the Central Board;]
71[(4E) the making to the National Bank of loans and advances repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed period not exceeding eighteen months from the date of making of the loan or advance, either--
(i) against the security of stocks, funds and securities (other than immovable property) in which a trustee is authorised to invest trust money by any law for the time being in force in India; or
(ii) on such other terms and conditions as the Bank may specify;]
72[(4F) contributing to the initial Capital of the Unit Trust;]
73[(4G) the making of loans and advances to, and the purchasing of bonds and debentures of, 74*** 75[the Exim Bank] 76[or the Reconstruction Bank] 77[or the Small Industries Bank 78[or the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development or other development financial institution]] out of the National Industrial Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund established under section 46C;]
79[(4GG) the making of loans and advances to, and the purchasing of bonds and debentures of, the National Housing Bank out of the National Housing Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund established under section 46D;]
(4H) the making to 74*** 77[or the Small Industries Bank] of loans and advances--
(a) repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding ninety days from the date of such loan or advance against the security of stocks, funds and securities (other than immovable property) in which a trustee is authorised to invest trust money by any law for the time being in force in India; or-
(b) against the security of bills of exchange or promissory notes, arising out of bona fide commercial or trade transactions bearing two or more good signatures and maturing within five years from the date of such loan or advance; ]
80[(4-I) the making to scheduled banks, 74*** 75[the Exim Bank] 76[the Reconstruction Bank or the Small Industries Bank] the Industrial Finance Corporation and any other financial institution as may, on the recommendation of the Bank, be approved in this behalf by the Central Government of loans and advances repayable on demand or otherwise and against such security and on such other terms and conditions as may be approved in this behalf by the Central Board for the purpose of enabling such banks, or financial institution, as the case may be, to purchase foreign exchange from the Bank for the purpose of financing the import of capital goods or for such other purposes as may be approved by the Central Government; ]
75[(4J) the making to the Exim Bank of loans and advances-- br
(making foot note) (a) repayable on demand or on the expiry of a fixed period not exceeding ninety days, from the date of such loan or advance against the security of stocks, funds and securities (other than immovable property) in which a trustee is authorised to invest trust money by any law for the time being in force in India; or
(b) against the security of bills of exchange or promissory notes, arising out of bona fide commercial or trade transactions bearing two or more good signatures and maturing within five years from the date of such loan or advance; ]
81[(4K) the making to the Reconstruction Bank of loans and advances-- br
(a) repayable on demand or on the expiry of a fixed period not exceeding ninety days, from the date of such loan or advance against the security of stocks, funds and securities (other than immovable property) in which a trustee is authorised to invest trust money by any law for the time being in force in India; or br
(b) against the security of bills of exchange or promissory notes, arising out of bona fide commercial or trade transactions bearing two or more goods signatures and maturing within five years from the date of such loan or advance; ]br
82[(4L) the making to the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development or other development financial institution of loans and advances—
(a) repayable on demand or on the expiry of a fixed period not exceeding ninety days, from the date of such loan or advance against the security of stocks, funds and securities (other than immovable property) in which a trustee is authorised to invest trust money by any law for the time being in force in India; or
(b) against the security of bills of exchange or promissory notes, arising out of bona fide commercial or trade transactions bearing two or more good signatures and maturing within five years from the date of such loan or advance; ]
(5) the making to the 83[Central Government] 84[ 85*** 86[and 87[State] Governments]] of advances repayable in each case not later than three months from the date of the making of the advance;
88[(6) the issue of demand drafts, telegraphic transfers and other kinds of remittances made payable at its own offices or agencies, the purchase of telegraphic transfers, and the making, issue and circulation of bank post bills;]
89[(6A) dealing in derivatives, and, with the approval of the Central Board, in any other financial instrument.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this clause, derivative means an instrument, to be settled at a future date, whose value is derived from change in one or a combination of more than one of the following underlying, namely:--
(a) interest rate,
(b) price of securities of the Central Government or a State Government or of such securities of a local authority as may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government,
(c) price of foreign securities,
(d) foreign exchange rate, ,
(e) index of rates or prices,
(f) credit rating or credit index,
(g) price of gold or silver coins, or gold or silver bullion, or
(h) any other variable of similar nature;]
90* * * * *,
(8) the purchase and sale of securities 91[of the Central 92[Government or a 87[State] Government]] of any maturity or of such securities of a local authority 93*** as may be specified in this behalf by the 94[Central Government] on the recommendation of the Central Board:
Provided that securities fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by 95[any such Government 96[or authority]] shall be deemed for the purposes of this clause to be securities of such Government 96[or authority];
97* * * * *
98[(8A) the purchase and sale of shares in, or the capital of 99[the 100[National Bank], 101[the Deposit Insurance Corporation], 102***, the State Bank 103[or any other bank 104[or financial institution] notified by the Central Government in this behalf];]
105[(8AA) the promoting, establishing, supporting or aiding in the promotion, establishment and support of any financial institution, whether as its subsidiary or otherwise;]
106[(8B) the keeping of deposits with the State Bank for such specific purposes as may be approved by the Central Government in this behalf;]
(9) the custody of monies, securities and other articles of value, and the collection of the proceeds, whether principal, interest or dividends, of any such securities;
(10) the sale realisation of all property, whether movable or immovable, which may in any way come into the possession of the Bank in satisfaction, or part satisfaction, of any of its claims;
(11) the acting as agent for 107*** the 108[Central Government] 112[or any 94[State] Government 112*** or any local authority 113***] 114[or the Industrial Finance Corporation of India 115***] 116[or any other body corporate which is established or constituted by or under any other law] 117]or the Government of any such country outside India or 118[any such person or authority] as may be approved in this behalf by the Central Government] in the transaction of any of the following kinds of business, namely:--
(a) the purchase and sale of gold or silver 119[or foreign exchange];
(b) the purchase, sale, transfer and custody of bills of exchange, securities or shares in any company;
(c) the collection of the proceeds, whether principal, interest or dividends, of any securities or shares;
(d) the remittance of such proceeds, at the risk of the principal, by bills of exchange payable either in India or elsewhere;
(e) the management of public debt;
120[(f) 121*** the issue and management of 122*** bonds and debentures; ]
123[(11A) the acting as agent for the Central Government,--
124[(a) in guaranteeing the due performance by any small-scale industrial concern, approved by the Central Government, of its obligations to any bank or other financial institution in respect of loans and advances made, or other credit facilities provided, to it by such bank or other financial institution and the making as such agent of payments in connection with such guarantee, and]
(b) in administering any scheme for subsidising the rate of interest or other charges in relation to any loans or advances made, or other credit facilities provided, by banks or other financial institutions for the purpose of financing or facilitating any export from India and the making as such agent of payments on behalf of the Central Government;
125[(12) the purchase and sale of gold or silver coins and gold and silver bullion and foreign exchange and the opening of a gold account with the principal currency authority of any foreign country or the Bank for International Settlements or any international or regional bank or financial institution formed by such principal currency authority or authorities or by the Government of any foreign country;]
126[(12A) the purchase and sale of securities issued by the Government of any country outside India or by any institution or body corporate established outside India and expressed to be payable in a foreign currency or any international or composite currency unit, being in the case of purchase by the Bank securities maturing within a period of ten years from the date of purchase:
Provided that in the case of securities of an institution or body corporate, the repayment of principal and payment of interest in respect of such securities shall be guaranteed by the Government of the country concerned; ]
127[(12AA) lending or borrowing of securities of the Central Government or a State Government or of such securities of a local authority as may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government or foreign securities;
(12AB) dealing in repo or reverse repo:
Provided that lending or borrowing of funds by way of repo or reverse repo shall not be subject to any limitation contained in this section.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this clause,--
(a) repo means an instrument for borrowing funds by selling securities of the Central Government or a State Government or of such securities of a local authority as may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government or foreign securities, with an agreement to repurchase the said securities on a mutually agreed future date at an agreed price which includes interest for the funds borrowed;
(b) reverse repo means an instrument for lending funds by purchasing securities of the Central Government or a State Government or of such securities of a local authority as may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government or foreign securities, with an agreement to resell the said securities on a mutually agreed future date at an agreed price which includes interest for the funds lent;
130[(12B) the making of loans and advances in foreign currencies to scheduled banks, 131*** 74[, the Exim Bank, 133[or 134[the Reconstruction Bank or the Small Industries Bank]i9563 the Industrial Finance Corporation, any State Financial Corporation and any other financial institution as may, on the recommendation of the Bank, be approved by the Central Government and on such terms and conditions as may be specified by the Central Board in this behalf, against promissory notes of such bank or financial institution, as the case may be:
Provided that the borrowing bank or financial institution, as the case may be, furnishes a declaration in writing to the effect that--
(a) it has made loans and advances in foreign currencies for financing international trade or for the import of capital goods or for such other purposes as may be approved by the Central Government; and
(b) that the amount of loans or advances so made and outstanding at any time will not be less than the outstanding amount of the loans or advances obtained by it from the Bank;]
135[(13) the opening of an account with an office outside India of any bank, including a bank incorporated in India or the making of an agency agreement with, and the acting as an agent or correspondent of, any bank incorporated outside India, or the principal currency authority of any country under the law for the time being in force in that country or any international or regional bank or financial institution formed by such principal currency authorities or foreign governments, and the investing of the funds of the Bank in the shares and securities of any such international or regional bank or financial institution or of any other foreign institution as may be approved by the Central Board in this behalf; ]
136[(13A) participation in any arrangement for the clearing and settlement of any amounts due from, or to, any person or authority on account of the external trade of India with any other country or group of countries or of any remittances to, or from, that country or group of countries, including the advancing, or receiving, of any amount in any currency in connection therewith, and, for that purpose, becoming, with the approval of the Central Government, a member of any international or regional clearing union of central banks monetary or other authorities, or being associated with any such clearing arrangements, or becoming a member of any body or association formed by central banks, monetary or other similar authorities, or being associated with the same in any manner;]
(14) the borrowing of money for a period not exceeding one month for the purposes of the business of the Bank, and the giving of security for money so borrowed:
Provided that no money shall be borrowed under this clause from any person in India 137*** other than a scheduled bank 138*** or from any person outside India 139*** other than a bank which is the principal currency authority of any country under the law for the time being in force in that country:
Provided further that the total amount of such borrowings from persons in India 135*** shall not at any time exceed the amount of the 136capital of the Bank;
140* * * * *
(15) the making and issue of bank notes subject to the provisions of this Act 141***; 142***
143ic6560(15A) the exercise of powers and functions and the performance of duties entrusted to the Bank under this Act or under any other law for the time being in force;]
144[15B) the providing of facilities for training in banking and for the promotion of research, where, in the opinion of the Bank, such provision may facilitate the exercise by the Bank of its powers and functions, or the discharge of its duties; ]
(16) generally, the doing of all such matters and things as may be incidental to or consequential upon the exercise of its powers or the discharge of its duties under this Act 145***.


1. The words the Secretary of State omitted by the A.O. 1948.
2. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for G.G. in C..
3. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for L.G.'s.
4. The words the Federal Railway Authority omitted by the A.O. 1948.
5. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for Provincial.
6. The words the Government of Burma, the Burma Railway Board, omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
7. The words and letter Part B States omitted by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
8. Ins. by Act 13 of 2018, s. 135 (w.e.f. 28-3-2018).
9. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for drawn on and payable in India.
10. Subs. by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11, for India or Burma and payable in India or Burma (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
11. Ins. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
12. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 6 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
13. The words or a Burma scheduled bank omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947), which were inserted by M.O. 1937.
14. Subs. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 3, for maturing within ninety days from the date of such purchase or re-discount, exclusive of days of grace (w.e.f. 15-9-1962).
15. Subs. by M.O. 1937, for drawn and payable in India.
16. Subs. by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11, for either in India or in Burma and payable either in India or in Burma (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
17. Subs. by s. 11, ibid., for a Burma scheduled bank, a provincial co-operative bank, or a Burma co-operative bank (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
18. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for Provincial.
19. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 6 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
20. Subs. by s. 6, ibid.,for financing seasonal agricultural operations (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
21. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7, for nine months (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
22. The Explanation omitted by Act 23 of 1965, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-3-1966). Earlier added by Act 54 of 1953, s. 3 (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
23. Ins. by Act 54 of 1953, s. 3 (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
24. Subs. by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11, for either in India or Burma and payable either in India or in Burma (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
25. The words or a Burma scheduled bank omitted by s. 11, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
26. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for the Government of India or a L.G..
27. Subs. by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11, for or a Provincial Government (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
28. The words or such securities of Part B States as may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government on the recommendation of the Central Board omitted by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
29. The words and Burma scheduled banks omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was earlier inserted by M.O. 1937.
30. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for sterling (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
31. The words in amounts of not less than the equivalent of one lakh of rupees omitted by Act 24 of 1978, s. 4 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
32. Subs. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 3, for sub-clause (b) (w.e.f. 15-9-1962).
33. Sub-clause (c) omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
34. Ins. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 3 (w.e.f. 15-9-1962).
35. Subs. by Act 58 of 1968, s. 24, for sub-clause (b) (w.e.f. 1-2-1969).
36. Subs. by s. 24, ibid., for clause (ii) (w.e.f. 1-2-1969).
37. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 6 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
38. The words and letter Part B States omitted by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
39. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for and Provincial co-operative banks.
40. The words Burma scheduled banks omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11 (w.e.f 1-4-1947).
41. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for Provincial.
42. Subs. by Act 19 of 1957, s. 2, for certain words (w.e.f. 8-6-1957).
43. The words and figures established under the State Financial Corporations Act, 1951 omitted by Act 24 of 1978, s. 4 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
44. Ins. by the A.O. 1950.
45. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 2 for the States (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
46. The words or Burma omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was inserted by the M.O. 1937.
47. Ins. by Act 24 of 1955, s. 6 (w.e.f. 8-5-1955).
48. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for or a Provincial co-operative bank.
49. Subs. by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11, for Burma scheduled bank, provincial co-operative bank or Burma (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
50. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for Provincial.
51. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7, for which have been transferred (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
52. Subs. by Act 24 of 1955, s. 6, for a cash credit or overdraft granted (w.e.f. 8-5-1955).
53. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 6, for financing seasonal agricultural operations (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
54. Added by Act 35 of 1962, s. 3 (w.e.f. 15-9-1962).
55. Ins. by Act 14 of 1960, s. 2 (w.e.f. 30-4-1960).
56. The words and figures established under the State Financial Corporations Act, 1951 omitted by Act 24 of 1978, s. 4 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
57. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 6, for the proviso (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
58. Subs. by Act 81 of 1985, s. 2, for ninety per cent. of the paid-up share capital (w.e.f. 1-5-1986).
59. Subs. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule, for clause (4AA) (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
60. Clause (4A) renumbered and re-lettered as clause (4AA) thereof by Act 14 of 1960, s. 2 (w.e.f. 30-4-1960). Earlier it was inserted by Act 54 of 1953, s. 3 (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
61. Ins. by Act 54 of 1953, s. 3 (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
62. The words and figures established under the Industrial Finance Corporation Act, 1948 omitted by Act 24 of 1978, s. 4 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
63. The proviso omitted by Act 66 of 1988, s. 5 (w.e.f. 30-12-1988).
64. Subs. by Act 14 of 1960, s. 2, for clause (4BB) (w.e.f. 30-4-1960). Earlier inserted by Act 19 of 1957, s. 2 (w.e.f. 8-6-1957).
65. Ins. by Act 52 of 1963, s. 44 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-2-1964).
66. The word or omitted by Act 17 of 1966, s. 11 (w.e.f. 10-6-1966).
67. Ins. by s. 11, ibid. (w.e.f. 10-6-1966).
68. Ins. by Act 28 of 1956, s. 55 (w.e.f. 1-8-1956).
69. Ins. by Act 47 of 1961, s. 51 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1962).
70. Ins. by Act 53 of 1987, s. 56 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 9-7-1988).
71. Subs. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule, for clause (4E) (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
72. Ins. by Ac 52 of 1963, s. 44 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-2-1964).
73. Ins. by Act 18 of 1964, s. 38 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-7-1964).
74. The words the Development Bank or omitted by Act 53 of 2003, s. 12 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 2-7-2004).
(repeat) 75. Ins. by Act 28 of 1981, s. 40 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1982).
76. Ins. by Act 62 of 1984, s. 71 and the Third Schedule (w.e.f. 20-3-1985).
77. Ins. by Act 39 of 1989, s. 53 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 7-3-1990).
(reapeat ) 78. Ins. by Act 17 of 2021, s. 47 and the second Schedule (w.e.f. 19-4-2021).
79 Ins. by Act 53 of 1987, s. 56 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 9-7-1988).
80. Ins. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 4 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
81 Ins. by Act 62 of 1984, s. 71 and the Third Schedule (w.e.f. 20-3-1985).
82. Ins. by Act 17 of 2021, s. 47 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 19-4-2021).
83. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for G.G. in C.
84. Subs. by ibid., for certain words.
85. The words the Federal Railway Authority omitted by the A.O. 1948.
86. Subs. by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11, for Provincial Governments, the Government of Burma and the Burma Railway Board (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
87. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for Provincial.
88. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7, for clause (6) (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
89. Ins. by Act 26 of 2006, s. 2 (w.e.f. 9-1-2007).
90. Clause (7) repealed by Act 2 of 1948, s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 5-1-1948).
91. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for of the G. of I or of a L.G..
92.Subs. by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11, for Government, a Provincial Government or the Government of Burma (w.e.f. 1-4-197).
93. The words and letter or such Part B States omitted by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
94. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for G.G. in C.
95. Subs., ibid., for the G. of I., a L.G., a local authority or State in India .
96. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7, for authority or State (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
97. The second proviso omitted by s. 7, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
98. Ins. by Act 23 of 1955, s. 52 and the Third Schedule (w.e.f. 1-7-1955).
99. Ins. by Act 10 of 1963, s. 47 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-5-1963).
100. Subs. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule, for Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
101. Ins. by Act 47 of 1961, s. 51 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1962).
102. The words the Development Bank omitted by Act 53 of 2003, s. 12 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 2-7-2004).
103. Subs. by Act 79 of 1956, s. 43 and the Second Schedule, for or any of its subsidiary banks (w.e.f. 22-10-1956).
104. Ins. by Act 19 of 1957, s. 2 (w.e.f. 8-6-1957).
105. Ins. by Act 53 of 1987, s. 56 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 9-7-1988).
106. Ins. by Act 38 of 1959, s. 64 and the Third Schedule (w.e.f. 10-9-1959).
107. The words the Secretary of State omitted by the A.O. 1948.
108. Subs., ibid., for certain words.
109. The words and letter or any Part B State omitted by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
110. The words or the Government of Burma omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
111. . Ins. by Act 44 of 1949, s. 2.
112. The words established under the Industrial Finance Corporation Act, 1948 (15 of 1948) omitted by Act 24 of 1978, s. 4 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
113. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 6 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
114. Ins. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
115. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 6, for any such person (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
116. Added by Act 23 of 1947, s. 3 (w.e.f. 18-4-1947).
117. Ins. by Act 44 of 1949, s. 2.
118. The words in respect of the aforesaid Corporation omitted by Act 51 of 1974, s. 6 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
119. The word its omitted by s. 6, ibid. (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
120. Subs. by Act 58 of 1968, s. 24, for clause (11A) (w.e.f. 1-2-1969). Earlier it was inserted by Act 14 of 1960, s. 2 (w.e.f. 30-4-1960).
121. Restored by Act 81 of 1985, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1-5-1986). Earlier sub-clause (a) omitted by Act 21 of 1978, s. 9 (date to be notified).
122. Subs. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 4, for clause (12) (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
123. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for clause (12A) (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
124. Ins. by Act 26 of 2006, s. 2 (w.e.f. 9-1-2007).
125. Ins. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 4 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
126. The words the Development Bank omitted by Act 53 of 2003, s. 12 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 2-7-2004.
127. Subs. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 4, for clause (13) (w.e.f. 21-7-1978) which was inserted by the M.O. 1937.
128. Ins. by Act 44 of 1973, s. 2 (w.r.e.f. 15-9-1973).
129. The words or a Burma scheduled bank omitted by s. 11, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which were earlier inserted by the M.O. 1937.
130. The words or a Burma scheduled bank omitted by s. 11, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which were earlier inserted by the M.O. 1937.
131. The words and Burma omitted by s. 11, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
132. The words and Burma omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947).
133. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 7, for share capital (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
134. Clause (14A) omitted by Act 38 of 1959, s. 64 and the Third Schedule (w.e.f. 1-10-1959) which was inserted by Act 79 of 1956, s. 43 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 22-10-1956).
135. The words and the making and issue of Burma notes in accordance with the law of Burma omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was inserted by the M.O. 1937
136. The word and omitted by Ordinance 47 of 1945, s. 6.
137. Subs. by Act 23 of 1955, s. 52 and the Third Schedule for clause (15A) (w.e.f. 1-7-1955).
138. Ins. by Act 58 of 1968, s. 24 (w.e.f. 1-2-1969).
139.The words and the law of Burma omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 11 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was inserted by the M.O. 1937.

Section 18.Power of direct discount.

1***When, in the opinion of the 2[Bank] 3***, a special occasion has arisen making it necessary or expedient that action should be taken 4[under this section] for the purposes of regulating credit in the interests of Indian 5*** trade, commerce, industry and agricultural, the Bank may, notwithstanding any limitation contained in 6*** section 17,--

7[(1) purchase, sell or discount any bill of exchange or promissory note though such bill or promissory note is not eligible for purchase or discount by the Bank under that section; or]
8* * * * *
9[(3) make loans or advances to--
(a) a State co-operative bank, or
(b) on the recommendation of a State co-operative bank, to a cooperative society registered within the area in which the State cooperative bank operates, or
(c) any other person,
repayable on demand or on the expiry of the fixed periods, not exceeding ninety days, on such terms and conditions as the Bank may consider to be sufficient.]
10* * * * *
11* * * * *


1. The brackets and figures "(1)" omitted by Act 51 of 1974, s. 7 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
2. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 8, for "Central Board” (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
3. Certain words omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
4. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 7, for "under this sub-section" (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
5. The words "or Burman" omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was inserted by the M.O. 1937.
6. The words, brackets, letters and figures "sub-clauses (a) and (b) of clause (2) or sub-clause (a) or (b) of clause (3) or clause (4) of" omitted by Act 51 of 1974, s. 7 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
7. Subs. by s. 7, ibid., for clause (1) (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
8. Clause (2) omitted by Act 24 of 1978, s. 5 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
9. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 7, for clause (3) (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
10. The proviso omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
11. Sub-section (2) omitted by Act 51 of 1974, s. 7 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 18A.Validity of loan or advance not to be questioned.

1[18A. Validity of loan or advance not to be questioned.-- Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other law for the time being in force,--

(a) the validity of any loan or advance granted by the Bank in pursuance of the provisions of this Act shall not be called in question merely on the ground of non-compliance with the requirements of such other law as aforesaid or of any resolution, contract, memorandum, articles of association or other instrument:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall render valid any loan or advance obtained by any company or co-operative society where such company or co-operative society is not empowered by its memorandum to obtain loans or advances;
(b) where a loan or advance has been granted under clause (3A) or under clause (3B) or section 17 or a loan or advance granted under clause (3) of section 18 by the Bank to any person has been applied by such person, wholly or in part, in making a loan or advance to any borrower, any sum received--
(i) by the borrowing bank on account of bills of exchange in respect of which the declaration under clause (i) of the proviso to clause (3A) of section 17 has been furnished or in repayment or realisation of the outstanding loans and advances referred to in clause (ii) of the said proviso or in the proviso to clause (3B) of the said section, or
(ii) by the borrowing bank or any other person in repayment or realisation of loans and advances granted to a borrower out of funds obtained by it or by him from the Bank under section 18,
shall be utilised only for the repayment by the borrowing bank or other person, as the case may be, of the amounts due to be repaid by it or by him to the Bank, and shall be held by it or by him in trust for the Bank, until such time as the amounts are so repaid.]


1. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 8 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 19.Business which the Bank may not transact.

Save as otherwise provided in sections 17, 18, 1[42] and 45, the Bank may not--

(1) engage in trade or otherwise have a direct interest in any commercial, industrial or other undertaking except such interest as it may in any way acquire in the course of the satisfaction of any of its claims: provided that all such interests shall be disposed of at the earliest possible moment;
2[(2) purchase the shares of any banking company or of any other company, or grant loans upon the security of any such shares;]
(3) advance money on mortgage of, or otherwise on the security of, immovable property or documents of title relating thereto, or become the owner of immovable property, except so far as is necessary for its own business premises and residences for its officers and servants;
(4) make loans or advances;
(5) draw or accept bills payable otherwise than on demand;
(6) allow interest on deposits or current accounts.


1. Ins. by Act 38 of 1956, s. 2 (w.e.f. 6-10-1956).
1. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 9, for clause (2) (w.e.f. 1-1-1951).

Section 20.Obligation of the Bank to transact Government business.

The Bank shall undertake to accept monies for account of 1[ 2*** the Central Government 3***] and to make payments up to the amount standing to the credit of 4[its account], and to carry out 5[its exchange], remittance and other banking operations, including the management of the public debt 6[of the Union].



1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for certain words.
2. The words "the Secretary of State" omitted by the A.O. 1950.
3. The words and letter "and the Governments of Part A States" omitted by Act 37 of 1956, s. 104 (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
4 Subs. by s. 104, ibid., for "their accounts respectively" (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
5. Subs. by s. 104, ibid., for "their exchange" (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
6. Ins. by s. 104, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).

Section 20A.[Omitted.].

[Transaction of business for British Military Administration, Burma].--Omitted to the repeal of the Ordinance by Act 11 of 1947 which was earlier temporarily inserted by Ordinance 19 of 1945.



Section 21.Bank to have the right to transact Government business in India.

(1) The 1[Central Government] 2*** shall entrust the Bank, on such conditions as may be agreed upon, with all 3[its] money, remittance, exchange and banking transactions in India, and, in particular, shall deposit free of interest all 3[its] cash balances with the Bank:

Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall prevent the 1[Central Government] 4*** from carrying on money transactions at places where the Bank has no branches or agencies, and the 1 [Central Government] 2*** may hold at such places such balances as 5[it] may require.
(2) The 1[Central Government] 6*** shall entrust the Bank, on such conditions as may be agreed upon, with the management of the public debt and with the issue of any new loans.
(3) In the event of any failure to reach agreement on the conditions referred to in this section the 1[Central Government] shall decide what the conditions shall be.
7[(4) Any agreement made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before Parliament.]
8* * * * *


1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for “G.G. in C.
2. The words "and the State Governments" omitted by Act 37 of 1956, s. 104 (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
3. Subs. by s. 104, ibid., for "their" (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
4. The words "or any State Government" omitted by s. 104, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
5. Subs. by s. 104, ibid., for "they" (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
6. The words "and each State Government" omitted by s. 104, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
7. Subs. by s. 104, ibid. for sub-section (4) (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
8. Sub-section (5) omitted by s. 104, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956) which was inserted by Act 32 of 1951, s. 3 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).

Section 21A.Bank to transact Government business of States on agreement.

1[21A. Bank to transact Government business of States on agreement.--(1) The Bank may by agreement with the Government of any 2*** State 3*** undertake--

(a) all its money, remittance, exchange and banking transactions in India, including in particular, the deposit, free of interest, of all its cash balances with the Bank; and
(b) the management of the public debt of, and the issue of any new loans by, that State.
(2) Any Agreement made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before Parliament.]


1. Ins. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 12 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
2. The word and letter "Part B" omitted by Act 37 of 1956, s. 104 (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
3. The words "(including the autonomous State of Meghalaya)" omitted by Act 81 of 1971, s. 72 (w.e.f. 21-1-1972) which was earlier inserted by Act 55 of 1969, s. 75 (w.e.f. 2-4-1970).

Section 21B.Effect of agreements made between the Bank and certain States before the 1st November, 1956.

1 [21B. Effect of agreements made between the Bank and certain States before the 1st November, 1956.--(1) Any agreement made under section 21 or section 21A between the Bank and the Government of a State specified in the Explanation below and in force immediately before the 1st day of November, 1956, shall, as from that day have effect as if it were an agreement made on that day under section 21A between the Bank and the Government of the corresponding State subject to such modifications, if any, being of a character not affecting the general operation of the agreement, as may be agreed upon between the Bank and the Government of the corresponding State, or in default of such agreement, as may be made therein by order of the Central Government.

Explanation.--In this sub-section ''corresponding State'' means,--
(a) in relation to the agreement between the Bank and the State of Andhra, the State of Andhra Pradesh; /
(b) in relation to the agreement between the Bank and any other Part A State as it existed before the 1st day of November, 1956, the State with the same name; and
(c) in relation to the agreement between the Bank and the Part B State of Mysore or TravancoreCochin as it existed before the 1st day of November, 1956, the State of Mysore of Kerala respectively.
(2) Any agreement made under section 21A between the Bank and the Government of the Part B State of Hyderabad, Madhya Bharat or Saurashtra shall be deemed to have terminated on the 31st day of October, 1956.]


1. Ins. by Act 37 of 1956, s. 104 (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).

Section 22.Right to issue bank notes.

(1) The Bank shall have the sole right to issue bank notes in 1[India], and may, for a period which shall be fixed by the 2[Central Government] on the recommendation of the Central Board, issue currency notes of the Government of India supplied to it by the 2[Central Government], and the provisions of this Act applicable to bank notes shall, unless a contrary intention appears, apply to all currency notes of the Government of India issued either by the 2[Central Government] or by the Bank in like manner as if such currency notes were bank notes, and references in this Act to bank notes shall be construed accordingly.

(2) On and from the date on which this Chapter comes into force the 2[Central Government] shall not issue any currency notes.


1. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 2, for "the States" (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
2. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C."

Section 23.Issue Department.

(1) The issue of bank notes shall be conducted by the Bank in an Issue Department which shall be separated and kept wholly distinct from the Banking Department, and the assets of the Issue Department shall not be subject to any liability other than the liabilities of the Issue Department as hereinafter defined in section 34.

(2) The Issue Department shall not issue bank notes to the Banking Department or to any other person except in exchange for other bank notes or for such coin, bullion or securities as are permitted by this Act to form part of the Reserve.
1* * * * *


1. Sub-section (3) omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 13 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was inserted by the M.O. 1937.

Section 24.Denominations of notes.

1[24. Denominations of notes.--(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) bank notes shall be of the denominational value to two rupees, five rupees, ten rupees, twenty rupees, fifty rupees, one hundred rupees, five hundred rupees, one thousand rupees, five thousand rupees and ten thousand rupees or of such other denominational values, not exceeding ten thousand rupees, as the Central Government may, on the recommendation of the Central Board, specify in this behalf.

(2) The Central Government may, on the recommendation of the Central Board, direct the non-issue or the discontinuance of issue of bank notes of such denominational values as it may specify in this behalf.]


1. Subs. by Act 58 of 1968, s. 25, for section 24 (w.e.f. 1-2-1969).

Section 25.Form of bank notes.

The design, form the material of bank notes shall be such as may be approved by the 1[Central Government] after consideration of the recommendations made by the Central Board.



1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C."

Section 26.Legal tender character of notes.

(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), every bank note shall be legal tender at any place in 1[India] in payment, or on account for the amount expressed therein, and shall be guaranteed by the 2[Central Government].

(2) On recommendation of the Central Board the 2[Central Government] may, by notification in the Gazette of India, declare that, with effect from such date as may be specified in the notification, any series of bank notes of any denomination shall cease to be legal tender 3[save at such office or agency of the Bank and to such extent as may be specified in the notification].
4* * * * *


1. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 2, for "the States" (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
2. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
3. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 13, for "save at an office or agency of the Bank" (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
4. Sub-section (3) omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 14 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was inserted by the M.O. 1937.

Section 26A.Certain bank notes to cease to be legal tender.

1[26A. Certain bank notes to cease to be legal tender.-- Notwithstanding anything contained in section 26, no bank note of the denominational value of five hundred rupees, one thousand rupees or ten thousand rupees issued before the 13th day of January, 1946, shall be legal tender in payment or on account for the amount expressed therein.]



1. Ins. by Act 62 of 1956, s. 2 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).

Section 27.Re-issue notes.

The Bank shall not re-issue bank notes which are torn, defaced or excessively spoiled.



Section 28.Recovery of notes lost, stolen, mutilated or imperfect.

1*** Notwithstanding anything contained in any enactment or rule of law to the contrary, no person shall of right be entitled to recover from the 2[Central Government] or the Bank, the value of any lost, stolen, mutilated or imperfect currency note of the Government of India or bank note:

Provided that the Bank may, with the previous sanction of the 2[Central Government], prescribed the circumstances in and the conditions and limitations subject to which the value of such currency notes or bank notes may be refunded as of grace and the rules made under this proviso shall be laid on the table 3*** of 4[Parliament].
5* * * * *


1. The brackets and figure "(1)" omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 15 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was inserted by the M.O. 1937.
2. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
3. The words "of both Houses" omitted by the A.O. 1948.
4. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for "the Central Legislature".
5. Sub-section (2) omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 15 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was inserted by the M.O. 1937.

Section 28A.Issue of special bank notes and special one rupee notes in certain cases.

1[28A. Issue of special bank notes and special one rupee notes in certain cases.--(1) For the purpose of controlling the circulation of bank notes without India, the Bank may, notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, issue bank notes of such design, form and material as may be approved under sub-section (3) (hereinafter in this section referred to as special bank notes) of the denominational values of five rupees, ten rupees and one hundred rupees.

(2) For the purpose of controlling the circulation of Government of India one rupee notes without India, the Central Government may, notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act or in the Currency Ordinance, 1940 (Ord. 4 of 1940) issue Government of India notes of the denominational value of one rupee of such design, form and material as may be adopted under subsection (3) (hereinafter in this section referred to as special one rupee notes).
(3) The design, form and material of the special bank notes shall be such as may be approved by the Central Government after consideration of the recommendations made by the Governor and of the special one rupee notes shall be such as the Central Government may think fit to adopt.
(4) Neither the special bank notes not the special one rupee notes shall be legal tender in India.
(5) The special one rupee note shall be deemed to be included in the expression "rupee coin" for all the purposes of this Act except section 39, but shall be deemed not to be a currency note for any of the purposes of this Act.
(6) Where a special bank note is on its face expressed to be payable at a specified office or branch of the Bank, the obligation imposed by section 39 shall be only on the specified office or branch and, further, shall be subject to such regulations as may be made under this section.
(7) The Bank may, with the previous sanction of the Central Government, make regulations to provide for all matters for which provision is necessary or convenient for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of this section, and, in particular, the manner in which, and the conditions or limitations subject to which--
(i) bank notes and one rupee notes in circulation in any country outside India may be replaced by special notes issued under this section;
(ii) any such special notes may be exchanged for any other bank notes or one rupee notes.


1. Ins. by Act 14 of 1959, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-5-1959).

Section 29.Bank exempt from stamp duty on bank notes.

The Bank shall not be liable to the payment of any stamp duty under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (2 of 1899) in respect of bank notes 1*** issued by it.



1. The words "or Burma notes" omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 16 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was earlier inserted by the M.O. 1937.

Section 30.Powers of Central Government to supersede Central Board.

(1) If in the opinion of the 1[Central Government] the Bank fails to carry out any of the obligations imposed on it by or under this Act 2*** 3[the Central Government] may, by notification in the Gazette of India, declare the Central Board to be superseded, and thereafter the general superintendence and direction of the affairs of the Bank shall be entrusted to such agency as the 1[Central Government] may determine, and such agency may exercise the powers and do all acts and things which may be exercised or done by the Central Board under this Act.

(2) When action is taken under this section the 1[Central Government] shall cause a full report of the circumstances leading to such action and of the action taken to be laid before 4[Parliament] at the earliest possible opportunity and in any case within three months from the issue of the notification superseding the Board.


1 Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
2. The words "or by or under the law of Burma" omitted by Act 11 of 1947, s. 17 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947) which was earlier inserted by the M.O. 1937.
3. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "he".
4. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for "the Central Legislature".

Section 31.Issue of demand bills and notes.

2[(1)] No person in 3[India] other than the Bank, or, as expressly authorised by this Act the 1[Central Government] shall draw, accept, make or issue any bill of exchange, hundi, promissory note or engagement for the payment of money payable to bearer on demand, or borrow, owe or take up any sum or sums of money on the bills, hundis or notes payable to bearer on demand of any such person:

Provided that cheques or drafts, including hundis, payable to bearer on demand or otherwise may be drawn on a person's account with a banker, shroff or agent.
4[(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, (26 of 1881) no person in 190[India] other than the Bank or, as expressly authorised by this Act, the Central Government shall make or issue any promissory note expressed to be payable to the bearer of the instrument.]
5[(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the Central Government may authorise any scheduled bank to issue electoral bond.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this sub-section, "electroal bond" means a bond issued by any scheduled bank under the scheme as may be notified by the Central Government.]


1 Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C."
2. Section 31 renumbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 23 of 1946, s. 2 (w.e.f. 10-11-1946).
3. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 2, for "the States" (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
4. Added by Act 23 of 1946, s. 2 (w.e.f. 10-11-1946).
5. Ins. by Act 7 of 2017, s. 134 (w.e.f. 1-4-2017).

Section 32.[Omitted.].

[Penalty.]--Omitted by the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act, 1974 (51 of 1974), s. 9 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).



Section 33.Assets of the Issue Department.

(1) The assets of the Issue Department shall consist of gold coin, gold bullion, 1[foreign securities], rupee coin and rupee securities to such aggregate amount as is not less than the total of the liabilities of the Issue Department as hereinafter defined.

2[(2) The aggregate value of the gold coin, gold bullion and foreign securities held as assets and the aggregate value of the gold coin and gold bullion so held shall not at any time be less than two hundred crores of rupees and one hundred and fifteen crores of rupees, respectively.]
3[(3) The remainder of the assets shall be held in rupee coin, Government of India rupee securities of any maturity, promissory notes drawn by the National Bank for any loans or advances under clause (4E) of section 17 and such bills of exchange and promissory notes payable in India as are eligible for purchase by the Bank under sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) or sub-clause (bb) of clause (2) of section 17 or under clause (1) of section 18.]
(4) For the purposes of this section, gold coin the gold bullion shall be valued at 4[a price not exceeding the international market price for the time being obtaining], rupee coin shall be valued at its face value, and securities shall be valued 5[at rates not exceeding the market rates] for the time being obtaining.
(5) Of the gold coin and gold bullion held as assets, not less than seventeen-twentieths shall be held in 6[India], and all gold coin and gold bullion held as assets shall be held in the custody of the Bank or its agencies:
Provided that gold belonging to the Bank which is in any other bank or in any mint or treasury or in transit may be reckoned as part of the assets.
7[(6) For the purposes of this section, the foreign securities which may be held as part of the assets shall be--
(i) securities of the following kinds payable in the currency of any foreign country which is a member of the International Monetary Fund, namely:--
(a) balances with the bank which is the principal currency authority of that foreign country and any other balances or securities in foreign currency maintained with or issued by the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association or the International Finance Corporation 8[or Asian Development Bank] or the Bank for International Settlements or 9[any banking or financial institution 10[approved] by the Central Government] in this behalf provided that they are repayable within a 11[period of ten years];
(b) bills of exchange bearing two or more good signatures and drawn on and payable at any place in that foreign country and having a maturity not exceeding ninety days; and
(c) Government securities of that foreign country maturing 12[within ten years];
(ii) any drawing rights representing a liability of the International Monetary Fund.]


1. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for "sterling securities" (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
2. Subs. by Act 48 of 1957, s. 2, for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 31-10-1957).
3. Subs. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
4. Subs. by Act 8 of 1991, s. 2, for "0.118489 grammes of fine gold per rupee" (w.e.f. 15-10-1990).
5. Subs. by Act 58 of 1968, s. 26, for "at the market rate" (w.e.f. 1-2-1969).
6. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 2, for "the States" (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
7. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 10, for sub-section (6) (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
8. Ins. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 6 (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
9. Subs. by s. 6, ibid., for "any commercial bank notified by the Central Government" (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
10. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 4, for "notified" (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).
11. Subs. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 6, for "period of five years" (w.e.f. 21-7-198).
12. Subs. by s. 6, ibid., for "within five years" (w.e.f. 21-7-198).


Section 34.Liabilities of Issue Department.

(1) The Liabilities of the Issue Department shall be an amount equal to the total of the amount of the currency notes of the Government of India and bank notes for the time being in circulation.

1* * * * *
2* * * * *


1. Sub-section (2) omitted by Act 55 of 1963, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-2-1964).
2. Sub-section (3) omitted by s. 2, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-2-1964) which was earlier inserted by the M.O. 1937.

Section 35.[Omitted.].

[Initial assets and liabilities].--Omitted by the Reserve Bank (Transfer to Public Ownership) Act, 1948 (62 of 1948), s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).



Section 36.[Omitted.].

[Method of dealing with fluctuations in rupee coin assets.--Omitted by the Banking Laws (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1963 (55 of 1963), s. 3 (w.e.f. 1-2-1964).



Section 37.Suspension of assets requirements as to foreign securities.

1[37. Suspension of assets requirements as to foreign securities.--Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions, the Bank may, with the previous sanction of the Central Government, for periods not exceeding six months in the first instance, which may, with the like sanction, be extended from time to time by period not exceeding three months at a time, hold as assets foreign securities of less amount in value than that required by sub-section (2) of section 33.

2* * * * *]


1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1956, s. 4, for section 37 (w.e.f. 6-10-1956).
2. The proviso omitted by Act 48 of 1957, s. 3 (w.e.f. 31-10-1957).

Section 38.Obligations of Government and the Bank in respect of rupee coin.

The 1[Central Government] shall undertake not 2*** to put into circulation any rupees, except through the Bank, 3*** and the Bank shall undertake not to dispose of rupee coin otherwise than for the purposes of circulation 4***.



1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C".
2. The words and figures "to re-issue any rupee coin delivered under section 36 nor" omitted by Act 55 of 1963, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-2- 1964).
3. The words "and as provided in that section" omitted by Ordinance 4 of 1940, s. 3.
4. The words "or by delivery to the Central Government under that sections" omitted by Act 55 of 1963, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-2-1964).

Section 39.Obligation to supply different forms of currency.

(1) The Bank shall issue rupee coin on demand in exchange for bank notes and currency notes of the Government of India and shall issue currency notes or bank notes on demand in exchange for coin which is legal tender under the Indian Coinage Act, 1906 (3 of 1906).

(2) The Bank shall, in exchange for currency notes or bank notes of 2[two] rupees or upwards, supply currency notes or bank notes of lower value or other coins which are legal tender under the Indian Coinage Act, 1906 (3 of 1906), in such quantities as may, in the opinion of the Bank, be required for circulation; and the 1[Central Government] shall supply such coins to the Bank on demand. If the 1[Central Government] at any time fails to supply such coins, the Bank shall be released from its obligations to supply them to the public.


1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C".
2. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for "five" (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 40.Transactions in foreign exchange.

1[40. Transactions in foreign exchange.--The Bank shall sell to or buy from any authorised person who makes a demand in that behalf at its office in Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi or Madras 2[or at such or its branches as the Central Government may, by order determine], foreign exchange at such rates of exchange and on such conditions as the Central Government may from time to time by general or special order determine, having regard so far as rates of exchange are concerned to its obligations to the International Monetary Fund:

Provided that no person shall be entitled to demand to buy or sell foreign exchange of a value less than two lakhs of rupees.
Explanation.--In the section "authorised person" means a person who is entitled by or under the 3[Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (46 of 1973)], to buy, or as the case may be, sell, the foreign exchange to which his demand relates.]


1 Subs. by Act 23 of 1947, s. 4, for sections 40 and 41 (w.e.f. 18-4-1947).
2. Ins. by Act 54 of 1953, s. 5 (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
3. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 5, for "Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 (7 of 1947)" (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).

Section 41A.[Omitted.].

41A. [Obligation to provide remittance between India and Burma].--Omitted by the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act, 1947 (11 of 1947), s. 22 (w.e.f. 1-4-1947). Earlier it was inserted by the M.O. 1937.



Section 42.Cash reserves of scheduled banks to be kept with the Bank.

1[(1) Every bank included in the Second Schedule shall maintain with the Bank an average daily balance the amount of which shall not be less than 2[such per cent. of the total of the demand and time liabilities in India of such bank as shown in the return referred to in sub-section (2), as the Bank may from time to time, having regard to the needs of securing the monetary stability in the country, notify in the Gazette of India]:

3* * * * *
Explanation.--For the purposes of this section,--
(a) average daily balance shall mean the average of the balances held at the close of business of each day 4[of a fortnight];
5[(b) fortnight shall mean the period from Saturday to the second following Friday, both days inclusive;]
6[(c) liabilities shall not include--
(i) the paid-up capital or the reserves or any credit balance in the profit and loss account of the bank;
(ii) the amount of any loan taken from the Bank 7*** 8[or from the Exim Bank] 9[or from the Reconstruction Bank] 10[or from the National Housing Bank] or from the 11[National Bank] 12[or from the Small Industries Bank] 13[or from the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development or from the other development financial institution] 14***;
(iii) in the case of a State co-operative bank, also any loan taken by such bank from a State Government 15[or from the National Co-operative Development Corporation established under the National Co-operative Development Corporation Act, 1962 (26 of 1962)] and any deposit of money with such bank representing the reserve fund or any part thereof 16*** maintained with it by any co-operative society within its area of operation;]
17[(iv) in the case of a State co-operative bank, which has granted an advance against any balance maintained with it, such balance to the extent of the amount outstanding in respect of such advance;]
15[(v) in the case a Regional Rural Bank, also any loan taken by such bank from its Sponsor Bank;]
15[(d) the aggregate of the liabilities of a Scheduled bank which is not a State co-operative bank, to,--
(i) the State Bank;
(ii) a subsidiary bank as defined in section 2 of the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959);
(iii) a corresponding new bank constituted by section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970);
15[(iiia) a corresponding new bank constituted by section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980 (40 of 1980);]
(iv) a banking company as defined in clause (c) section 5 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949);
(v) a co-operative bank; or
(vi) any other financial institution notified by the Central Government in this behalf,
shall be reduced by the aggregate of the liabilities of all such banks and institutions to the scheduled bank;
(e) the aggregate of the liabilities of a scheduled bank which is a State co-operative bank, to,--
(i) the State Bank;
(ii) a subsidiary bank as defined in section 2 of the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959);
(iii) a corresponding new bank constituted by section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970);
15[(iiia) a corresponding new bank constituted by section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980 (40 of 1980);]
(iv) a banking company as defined in clause (c) of section 5 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949); or
(v) any other financial institution notified by the Central Government in, this behalf,
shall be reduced by the aggregate of the liabilities of all such banks and institutions to the State cooperative bank.]
(1A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the Bank may, by notification in the Gazette of India, direct that every scheduled bank shall, with effect from such date as may be specified in the notification, maintain with the Bank, in addition to the balance prescribed by or under sub-section (1), an additional average daily balance the amount of which shall not be less than the 18[rate specified in the notification, such additional balance being calculated with reference to the excess of the total of the demand and time liabilities of the bank as shown in the return referred to in sub-section (2) over the total of its demand and time liabilities] at the close of business on the date specified in the notification as shown by such return so however, that the additional balance shall, in no case, be more than such excess:
19[Provided that the Bank may, by a separate notification in the Gazette of India, specify different dates in respect of a Bank subsequently included in the Second Schedule].
20* * * * *
15[1(C) The Bank may, for the purposes of this section, specify from time to time with reference to any transaction or class of transactions that such transaction or transactions shall be regarded as liability in India of a scheduled bank, and if any question arises as to whether any transaction or class of transactions shall be regarded, for the purposes of this section, as liability in India of a scheduled bank, the decision of the Bank thereon shall be final.]
21[(2) Every scheduled bank shall send to the Bank a return signed by two responsible officers of such bank showing--
(a) the amount of its demand and time liabilities and the amount of its borrowings from banks in India, 22[classifying them into demand and time liabilities],
23* * * * *
(b) the total amount of legal tender notes and coins held by it in India,
(c) the balance held by it at the Bank in India,
(d) the balances held by it at other banks in current account and the money at call and short notice in India,
(e) the investments (at book value) in Central and State Government securities including treasury bills and treasury deposit receipts,
(f) the amount of advances in India,
(g) the inland bills purchased and discounted in India 24[and foreign bills purchased and discounted].
25[at the close of business on each alternate Friday, and every such return shall be sent not later than seven days after the date to which it relates]:
26[Provided that the Bank may, by notification in the Gazette of India, delete or modify or add to any of the particulars specified in the foregoing clauses:
Provided further that] where 27[such alternate] Friday is a public holiday under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (26 of 1881), for one or more offices of a scheduled bank the return shall give the preceding working days figures in respect of such office or offices, but shall nevertheless be deemed to relate to that Friday:
28[Provided also that where the Bank is satisfied that the furnishing of a fortnightly return under this sub-section is impracticable in the case of any scheduled bank by reason of the geographical position of the bank and its branches, the Bank may allow such bank--
(i) to furnish a provisional return for the fortnight within the period aforesaid to be followed by a final return not later than twenty days after the date to which it relates, or
(ii) to furnish in lieu of a fortnightly return a monthly return to be sent not later than twenty days after the end of the month to which it relates giving the details specified in this sub-section in respect of such bank at the close of business for the month.]]
27 [(2A) Where the last Friday of a month is not an alternate Friday for the purpose of sub-section(2), every scheduled bank shall send to the Bank, a special return giving the details specified in sub-section (2) as at the close of business on such last Friday or where such last Friday is a public holiday under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (26 of 1881), as at the close of business on the preceding working day and such return shall be sent not later than seven days after the date to which it relates.]
29[(3) If the average daily balance held at the Bank by a scheduled bank during any 8 [fortnight] is below the minimum prescribed by or under sub-section (1) or sub-section (1A), such scheduled bank shall be liable to pay to the Bank in respect of that 30[fortnight] penal interest at a rate of three per cent. above the bank rate on the amount by which such balance with the Bank falls short of the prescribed minimum, and if during the next succeeding 30[fortnight], such average daily balance is still below the prescribed minimum, the rates of penal interest shall be increased to a rate of five per cent, above the bank rate in respect of that 30[fortnight] and each subsequent 8[fortnight] during which the default continues on the amount by which such balance at the Bank falls short of the prescribed minimum.]
31[(3A) When under the provisions of sub-section (3) penal interest at the increased rate of five per cent, above the bank rate has become payable by a scheduled bank, 32[if thereafter the average daily balance held at the Bank during the next succeeding 33[fortnight] is still below the prescribed minimum,--
(a) every director, manager or secretary of the scheduled bank, who is knowingly and wilfully a party to the default, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees and with a further fine which may extend to five hundred rupees for each subsequent 33[fortnight] during which the default continues, and
(b) the Bank may prohibit the scheduled bank from receiving after the said 33[fortnight] any fresh deposit,]
and, if default is made by the scheduled bank in complying with the prohibition referred to in clause (b), every director and officer of the scheduled bank who is knowingly and wilfully a party to such default or who through negligence or otherwise contributes to such default shall in respect of each such default be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees and with a further fine which may extend to five hundred rupees for each day after the first on which a deposit received in contravention of such prohibition is retained by the scheduled bank.
Explanation.--In this sub-section officer includes a 34*** manager, secretary, branch manager, and branch secretary.]
(4) Any scheduled bank failing to comply with the provisions of sub-section (2) 35[shall be liable to pay to the Bank] a penalty of one hundred rupees for each day during which the failure continues.
36[(5) (a) The penalties imposed by sub-sections (3) and (4) shall be payable within a period of fourteen days from the date on which a notice issued by the Bank demanding the payment of the same is served on the scheduled bank, and in the event of failure of the scheduled bank to pay the same within such period, may be levied by a direction of the principal civil court having jurisdiction in the area where an office of the defaulting bank is situated, such direction to be mode only upon an application made in this behalf to the court by the Bank;
(b) when the court makes a direction under clause (a), it shall issue a certificate specifying the sum payable by the scheduled bank and every such certificate shall be enforceable in the same manner as if it were a decree made by the court in a suit;
(c) notwithstanding anything contained in this section, if the Bank is satisfied that the defaulting bank and sufficient cause for its failure to comply with the provisions of sub-section (1), (1A) or (2), it may not demand the payment of the penal interest of the penalty, as the case may be.]
37[(6) The Bank shall, save as hereinafter provided, by notification in the Gazette of India,--
(a) direct the inclusion in the Second Schedule of any bank not already so included which carries on the business of banking 38[in India] and which--
(i) has a paid-up capital and reserve of an aggregate value of not less than five lakhs or rupees, and
(ii) satisfies and Bank that its affairs are not being conducted in a manner detrimental to the interests of its depositors, and
(iii) 39[is a State co-operative bank or a company] as defined 40[section 3of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), or an institution notified by the Central Government in this behalf] or a corporation or a company incorporated by or under any law in force in any place 41[outside India];
(b) direct the exclusion from that Schedule of any scheduled bank,--
(i) the aggregate value of whose paid-up capital and reserves becomes at any time less than five lakhs of rupees, or
(ii) which is, in the opinion of the Bank after making an inspection under section 35 of the 42[Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949)], conducting its affairs to the detriment of the interests of its depositors, or
(iii) which goes into liquidation or otherwise ceases to carry on banking business:
Provided that the Bank may, on application of the scheduled bank concerned and subject to such conditions, if any, as it may impose, defer the making of a direction under sub-clause (i) or sub-clause (ii) of clause (b) for such period as the Bank consider reasonable to give the scheduled bank an opportunity of increasing the aggregate value of its paid-up capital and reserves to not less than five lakhs of rupees or, as the case may be, of removing the defects in the conduct of its affairs;
(c) alter the description in that Schedule whenever any scheduled bank changes its name.
Explanation.--In this sub-section the expression value means the real or exchangeable value and not the nominal value which may be shown in the books of the bank concerned; and if any dispute arises in computing the aggregate value of the paid-up capital and reserves of a bank, a determination thereof by the Bank shall be final for the purposes of this sub-section.]
43[(6A) In considering whether a State co-operative bank or a regional rural bank should be included in or excluded from the Second Schedule, it shall be competent for the Bank to act on a certificate from the National Bank on the question whether or not a State co-operative bank or a regional rural bank, as the case may be, satisfies the requirements as to paid-up capital and reserves or whether its affairs are not being conducted in a manner detrimental to the interests of its depositors.]
44[(7) The Bank may, for such period and subject to such conditions as may be specified, grant to any scheduled bank such exemptions from the provisions of this section as it thinks fit with reference to all or any of its offices or with reference to the whole or any part of its assets and liabilities.]


1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1956, s. 5, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. (6-10-1956).
2. Subs. by Act 26 of 2006, s. 3, for “three per cent. of the total of the demand and time liabilities in India of such bank as shown in the return referred to in sub-section (2)” (w.e.f. 1-4-2007).
3. The proviso omitted by s. 3, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-4-2007).
4. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 6, for “of a week” (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).
5. Subs. by s. 6, ibid. for clause (b) (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).
6. Subs. by Act 23 of 1965, s. 6, for clause (c) (w.e.f. 1-3-1966).
7. The words “or from the Development Bank” omitted by Act 53 of 2003, s. 12 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 2-7-2004).
8. Ins. by Act 28 of 1981, s. 40 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1982).
9. Ins. by Act 62 of 1984, s. 71 and the Third Schedule (w.e.f. 20-3-1985).
10. Ins. by Act 53 of 1987, s. 56 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 9-7-1988).
11. Subs. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule, for “Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation” (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
12. Ins. by Act 39 of 1989, s. 53 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 7-3-1990).
13. Ins. by Act 17 of 2021, s. 47 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 19-4-2021).
14. The words “or from the State Bank or from any other bank notified by the Central Government in this behalf, and” omitted by Act 51 of 1974, s. 11 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
15. Ins. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 6 (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).
16. The words “required to be” omitted by Act 51 of 1974, s. 11 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
17. Ins. by s. 11, ibid. (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
18. Subs. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 3, for certain words (w.e.f. 15-9-1962).
19. Added by Act 1 of 1984, s. 6 (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).
20. Sub-sections (1AA) and (1B) omitted by Act 26 of 2006, s. 3 (w.e.f. 1-4-2007).
21. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 16, for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
22. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 11, for “other than the State Bank and any other bank notified by the Central Government in this behalf” (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
23. Clause (aa) omitted by Act 51 of 1974, s. 11 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974). Earlier inserted by Act 54 of 1953, s. 6 (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
24. Ins. by Act 54 of 1953, s. 6 (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
25. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 6, for “at the close of business on each Friday, and every such return shall be sent not later than five days after the date to which it relates” (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).
26. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 11, for “Provided that” (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
27. Ins. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 6 (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).
28. Subs. by s. 6, ibid., for the third proviso (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).
29. Subs. by Act 38 of 1956, s. 5, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 6-10-1956).
30. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 6, for “week” (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).
31. Ins. by Act 38 of 1940, s. 2 (w.e.f. 27-22-1940).
32. Subs. by Act 38 of 1956, s. 5, for certain words (w.e.f. 6-10-1956).
33. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 6, for “week” (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).
34. The words “managing agent” omitted by Act 32 of 1951, s. 16 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
35. Subs. by s. 16, ibid., for “shall be liable to pay to the Central Government or to the Bank, as the case may be, or to each,” (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
36. Subs. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 4, for sub-section (5) (w.e.f. 15-9-1962).
37. Subs. by Act 10 of 1949, s. 55 and the First Schedule, for sub-section (6) (w.e.f. 16-3-1949).
38. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 16, for “in any State of India” (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
39. Subs. by Act 23 of 1965, s. 6, for “is a company” (w.e.f. 1-3-1966).
40. Subs. by Act 19 of 1957, s. 4, for “clause (2) of section 2 of the Indian Companies Act, 1913 (7 of 1913)” (w.e.f. 8-6-1957).
41. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 16, for “outside the States of India” (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
42. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 3, for “Banking Companies Act, 1949” (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
43. Ins. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).
44. Ins. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 16 (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).

Section 43.Publication of consolidated statement by the Bank.

1[43. Publication of consolidated statement by the Bank.--The Bank shall cause to be published each 2[fortnight] a consolidated statement showing the aggregate liabilities and assets of all the scheduled banks together, based on the returns and information received under this Act or any other law for the time being in force.]



1. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 12, for section 43 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
2. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 6, for "week" (w.e.f. 29-3-1985).

Section 43A.Protection of action taken in good faith.

1[43A. Protection of action taken in good faith.--(1) No suit or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Bank or any of its officers for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of section 42 or section 43 2[or in pursuance of the provisions of Chapter IIIA].

(2) No suit or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Bank or any of its officers for any damage caused or likely to be caused by anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of section 42 or section 43 2[or in pursuance of the provisions of Chapter IIIA].]


1. Ins. by Act 54 of 1953, s. 7 (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
2. Ins. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 5 (w.e.f. 15-9-1962).

Section 44.[Omitted.].

[Power to require returns from co-operative banks].--[Omitted by the Banking Laws (Application to Co-operative Societies) Act, 1965 (23 of 1965), s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-3-1966).]



Section 45.Appointment of agents.

1[45. Appointment of agents.--(1) Unless otherwise directed by the Central Government with reference to any place, the Bank may, having regard to public interest, convenience of banking, banking development and such other factors which in its opinion are relevant in this regard, appoint the National Bank, or the State Bank, or a corresponding new bank constituted under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970), or a corresponding new bank constituted under section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980 (40 of 1980), or any subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959), as its agent at all places, or at any place in India for such purposes as the Bank may specify.

(2) When any bank is appointed by the Bank as its agent under sub-section (1) to receive on behalf of the Bank any payment required to be made into the Bank, or any bill, hundies or other securities required to be delivered into the Bank, under any law or rule, regulations or other instructions having the force of law, the same may be paid or delivered into the bank so appointed as the agent of the Bank.]


1. Subs. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule, for section 45 (w.e.f. 12-7-1982)

Section 45A.Definitions.

145A. Definitions.--In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires,--

(a) "banking company" means a banking company as defined in section 5 of the 2[Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949)] and includes the State Bank of India, 3[any subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959), any corresponding new bank constituted by section 3 of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970), and any other financial institution notified by the Central Government in this behalf];
(b) "borrower" means any person to whom any credit limit has been sanctioned by any banking company, whether availed of or not, and includes--
(i) in the case of a company or corporation, its subsidiaries;
(ii) in the case of a Hindu undivided family, any member thereof or any firm in which such member is a partner;
(iii) in the case of a firm, any partner thereof or any other firm in which such partner is a partner; and
(iv) in the case of an individual, any firm in which such individual is a partner;
(c) "credit information" means any information relating to--
(i) the amounts and the nature of loans or advances and other credit facilities granted by a banking company to any borrower or class of borrowers;
(ii) the nature of security taken from any borrower 4[or class of borrowers] for credit facilities 5[granted to him or to such class;]
(iii) the guarantee furnished by a banking company for any of its customers 6[or any class of its customers];
6[(iv) the means, antecedents, history of financial transactions and the creditworthiness of any borrower or class of borrowers;
(v) any other information which the Bank may consider to be relevant for the more orderly regulation of credit or credit policy.]


1. Ins. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-9-1962).
2. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 3, for "Banking Companies Act, 1949" (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
3. Subs. by s. 13, ibid., for "or any other banking or financial institution notified by the Central Government in this behalf" (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
4. Ins. by s. 13, ibid., (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
5. Subs. by s. 13, ibid., for "granted to him; and" (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
6 Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 13 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 45B.Power of Bank to collect credit information.

1[45B. Power of Bank to collect credit information--The Bank may--

(a) collect, in such manner as it may think fit, credit information from banking companies; and
(b) furnish such information to any banking company in accordance with the provisions of section 45D.


1. Ins. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-9-1962).

Section 45C.Power to call for returns containing credit information.

1[45C. Power to call for returns containing credit information.--(1) For the purpose of enabling the Bank to discharge its functions under this Chapter, it may at any time direct any banking company to submit to it such statements relating to such credit information and in such form and within such time as may be specified by the Bank from time to time.

(2) A banking company shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law for the time being in force on in any instrument regulating the constitution thereof or in any agreement executed by it, relating to the secrecy of its dealings with its constituents, be bound to comply with any direction issued under sub-section (1).]


1. Ins. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-9-1962).

Section 45D.Procedure for furnishing credit information to banking companies.

1[45D. Procedure for furnishing credit information to banking companies.--(1) A banking company may, in connection with any financial arrangement entered into or proposed to be entered into by it, with any person, make an application to the Bank in such form as the Bank may specify requesting it to furnish the applicant with such credit information as may be specified in the application.

(2) On receipt of an application under sub-section (1), the Bank shall, as soon as may be, furnish the applicant with such credit information relating to the matters specified in the application, as may be in its possession:
Provided that the information so furnished shall not disclose the names of the banking companies which have submitted such information to the Bank.
(3) The Bank may in respect of each application levy such fees, not exceeding twenty-five rupees, as it may deem fit for furnishing credit information.]


1. Ins. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-9-1962).

Section 45E.Disclosure of information prohibited.

1[45E. Disclosure of information prohibited.--(1) Any credit information contained in any statement submitted by a banking company under section 45C or furnished by the Bank to any banking company under section 45D, shall be treated as confidential and shall not, except for the purposes of this Chapter, be published or otherwise disclosed. (2) Nothing in this section shall apply to--

(a) the disclosure by any banking company, with the previous permission of the Bank, of any information furnished to the Bank under section 45C;
(b) the publication by the Bank, if it considers necessary in the public interest so to do, of any information collected by it under section 45C, in such consolidated form as it may think fit without disclosing the name of any banking company or its borrowers;
259[(c) the disclosure or publication by the banking company or by the Bank of any credit information to any other banking company or in accordance with the practice and usage customary among bankers or as permitted or required under any other law;
260[(d) the disclosures of any credit information under the Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005 (30 of 2005):]
Provided that any credit information received by a banking company under this clause shall not be published except in accordance with the practice and usage customary among bankers or as permitted or required under any other law.]
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, no court, tribunal or other authority shall compel the Bank or any banking company to produce or to give inspection of any statement submitted by that banking company under section 45C or to disclose any credit information furnished by the Bank to that banking company under section 45 D.]


1. Ins. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-9-1962).
2. Ins. by s. 14, ibid. (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
3. Ins. by Act 30 of 2005, s. 34 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 14-12-2006).

Section 45F.Certain claims for compensation barred.

1[45F. Certain claims for compensation barred.--No person shall have any right, whether in contract or otherwise, to any compensation for any loss incurred by reason of the operation of any of the provisions of this Chapter.]



1. Ins. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-9-1962).

Section 45G.[Omitted.].

1[45G. [Penalties].--Omitted by the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act, 1974 (51 of l974), s. 15 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).]



1. Ins. by Act 35 of 1962, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-9-1962).

Section 45H.Chapter IIIB not to apply in certain cases.

1[45H. Chapter IIIB not to apply in certain cases.--The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to the State Bank or a banking company as defined in section 5 of the 2[Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949)] or 3[a corresponding new bank as defined in clause (da) of section 5 of that Act or a subsidiary bank as defined in the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959)] or 4[a Regional Rural Bank or a co-operative bank] or a primary agricultural credit society or a primary credit society]:

Provided that for the purposes of this Chapter, the 5[Tamil Nadu Industrial Investment Corporation Limited] shall not be deemed to be a banking company.]


1. Ins. by Act 55 of 1963, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-2-1964).
2. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 3, for "Banking Companies Act, 1949" (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
3. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 8, for "a banking institution notified under section 51 of that Act" (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).
4. Subs. by Act 21 of 1976, s. 33, for "a co-operative bank" (w.e.f. 26-9-1975).
5. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 16, for "Madras Industrial Investment Corporation Limited" (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 45-I.Definitions.

In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires,--

1[(a) "business of a non-banking financial institution" means carrying on the business of a financial institution referred to in clause (c) and includes business of a non-banking financial company referred to in clause (f);]
2[(aa)] "company" means a company as defined in section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), and includes a foreign company within the meaning of section 591 of that Act;
(b) "corporation" means a corporation incorporated by an Act of any legislature;
3[(bb) deposit includes and shall be deemed always to have include any receipt of money by way of deposit or loan or in any other form, but does not include,--
(i) amounts raised by way of share capital;
(ii) amounts contributed as capital by partners of a firm;
(iii) amounts received from a scheduled bank or a co-operative bank or any other banking company as defined in clause (c) of section 5 of a Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949);
(iv) any amount received from,--
4* * * * *
(b) a State Financial Corporation,
(c) any financial institution specified in or under section 6A of the Industrial
Development Bank of India Act, 1964 (18 of 1964), or
(d) any other institution that may be specified by the Bank in this behalf;
(v) amounts received in the ordinary course of business, by way of--
(a) security deposit,
(b) dealership deposit,
(c) earnest money, or
(d) advance against orders for goods, properties or services;
(vi) any amount received from an individual or a firm or an association of individuals not being a body corporate, registered under any enactment relating to money lending which is for the time being in force in any State; and
(vii) any amount received by way of subscriptions in respect of a chit.
Explanation I.-- "Chit" has the meaning assigned to it in clause (b) of section 2 of the Chit Funds Act, 1982 (40 of 1982).
Explanation II.-- Any credit given by a seller to a buyer on the sale of any property (whether movable or immovable) shall not be deemed to be deposit for the purposes of this clause;]
5[Explanation III.--The amounts accepted by a co-operative society from the members or shareholders, by whatever name called, but excluding the amounts received as share capital, shall be deemed to be deposits for the purposes of this clause, if such members or shareholders are nominal or associate members, by whatever name called, who do not have full voting rights in the meetings of such co-operative society.]
6[(c) "financial institution" means any non-banking institution which carries on as its business or part of its business any of the following activities, namely:--
(i) the financing, whether by way of making loans or advances or otherwise, of any activity other than its own;
(ii) the acquisition of shares, stock, bonds, debentures or securities issued by a Government or local authority or other marketable securities of a like nature;
(iii) letting or delivering of any goods to a hirer under a hire-purchase agreement as defined in clause (c) of section 2 of the Hire-Purchase Act, 1972 (26 of 1972);
(iv) the carrying on of any class of insurance business;
(v) managing, conducting or supervising, as foreman, agent or in any other capacity, of chits or kuries as defined in any law which is for the time being in force in any State, or any business, which is similar thereto;
(vi) collecting, for any purpose or under any scheme or arrangement by whatever name called, monies in lump sum or otherwise, by way of subscriptions or by sale of units, or other instruments or in any other manner and awarding prizes or gifts, whether in cash or king, or disbursing monies in any other way, to persons from whom monies are collected or to any other person,
7[but does not include any institution, which carries on as its principal business,--
(a) agricultural operations; or
(aa) industrial activity; or]
(b) the purchase, or sale of any goods (other than securities) or the providing of any services; or
(c) the purchase, construction or sale of immovable property, so, however, that no portion of the income of the institution is derived from the financing of purchases, constructions or sales of immovable property by other persons;]
8[Explanation.--For the purposes of this clause, "industrial activity" means any activity specified in sub-clauses (i) to (xviii) of clause (c) of section 2 of the Industrial Development Bank of India Act, 1964 (18 of 1964);]
(d) "firm" means a firm as defined in the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932) 9***;
(e) "non-banking institution" means a company, corporation 10[or co-operative society];
8[(f) "non-banking financial company" means--
(i) a financial institution which is a company;
(ii) a non-banking institution which is a company and which has as its principal business the receiving of deposits, under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner, or lending in any manner;
(iii) such other non-banking institution or class of such institutions, as the Bank may, with the previous approval of the Central Government and by notification in the Official Gazette, specify.]



1. Ins. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 2 (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).
2. Clause (a) renumbered as clause (aa) thereof by s. 2, ibid. (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).
3. Subs. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 9, for clause (bb) (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).
4. Item (a) omitted by Act 53 of 2003, s. 12 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 2-7-2004).
5. Ins. by Act 21 of 2019, s. 42 the second schedule (w.e.f. 21-2-2019).
6. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 17, for clause (c) (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
7. Subs. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 2, for certain words (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).
8. Ins. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 2 (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).
9. The words ",of which the capital subscribed by its partners exceeds one lakh of rupees" omitted by Act 1 of 1984, s. 9 (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).
10. Subs. by s. 9, ibid., for ",co-operative society or firm" (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).


Section 45-IA.Requirement of registration and net owned fund.

1[45-IA. Requirement of registration and net owned fund.-- ((1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Chapter or in any other law for the time being in force, no non-banking financial company shall commence or carry on the business of a non-banking financial institution without--

(a) obtaining a certificate of registration issued under this Chapter; and
2[(b) having the net owned fund of twenty-five lakh rupees or such other amount, not exceeding hundred crore rupees, as the Bank may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify:
Provided that the Bank may notify different amounts of net owned fund for different categories of non-banking financial companies.]
(2) Every non-banking financial company shall make an application for registration to the Bank in such form as the Bank may specify:
Provided that a non-banking financial company in existence on the commencement of the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act, 1997 (23 of 1997) shall make an application for registration to the Bank before the expiry of six months from such commencement and notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) may continue to carry on the business of a non-banking financial institution until a certificate of registration is issued to it or rejection of application for registration is communicated to it.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), a non-banking financial company in existence on the commencement of the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act, 1997 (23 of 1997) and having a net owned fund of less than twenty-five lakh rupees may, for the purpose of enabling such company to fulfil the requirement of the net owned fund, continue to carry on the business of a nonbanking financial institution--
(i) for a period of there years from such commencement; or
(ii) for such further period as the Bank may, after recording the reasons in writing for so doing, extend,
subject to the condition that such company shall, within three months of fulfilling the requirement of the net owned fund, inform the Bank about such fulfillment:
(4) The Bank, for the purpose of considering the application for registration, may require to be satisfied by an inspection of the books of the non-banking financial company or otherwise that the following conditions are fulfilled:--
(a) that the non-banking financial company is or shall be in a position to pay its present or future depositors in full as and when their claims accrue;
(b) that the affairs of the non-banking financial company are not being or are not likely to be conducted in a manner detrimental to the interest of its present or future depositors;
(c) that the general character of the management or the proposed management of the non-banking financial company shall not be prejudicial to the public interest or the interests of its depositors;
(d) that the non-banking financial company has adequate capital structure and earning prospects;
(e) that the public interest shall be served by the grant of certificate of registration to the nonbanking financial company to commence or to carry on the business of India;
(f) that the grant of certificate of registration shall not be prejudicial to the operation and consolidation of the financial sector consistent with monetary stability, and economic growth considering such other relevant factors which the Bank may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify; and
(g) any other condition, fulfilment of which in the opinion of the Bank, shall be necessary to ensure that the commencement of or carrying on of the business in India by a non-banking financial company shall not be prejudicial to the public interest or in the interests of the depositors.
(5) The Bank may, after being satisfied that the conditions specified in subsection (4) are fulfilled, grant a certificate of registration subject to such conditions which it may consider fit to impose.
(6) The Bank cancel a certificate of registration granted to a non-banking financial company under this section if such company--
(i) ceases to carry on the business of a non-banking financial institution in India; or
(ii) has failed to comply with any condition subject to which the certificate of registration had been issued to it; or
(iii) at any time fails to fulfil any of the conditions referred to in clauses (d) to (g) of sub-section (4); or
(iv) fails--
(a) to comply with any direction issued by the Bank under the provisions of this Chapter; or
(b) to maintain accounts in accordance with the requirements of any law or any direction or order issued by the Bank under the provisions of this Chapter; or
(c) to submit or offer for inspection its books of account and other relevant documents when so demanded by an inspecting authority of the Bank; or
(v) has been prohibited from accepting deposit by an order made by the Bank under the provisions of this Chapter and such order has been in force for a period of not less than three months:
Provided that before cancelling a certificate of registration on the ground that the non-banking financial company has failed to company with the provisions of clause (ii) or has failed to fulfil any of the conditions referred to in clause (iii) the Bank, unless it is of the opinion that the delay in cancelling the certificate of registration shall be prejudicial to public interest or the interest of the depositors or the non-banking financial company, shall give an opportunity to such company on such term as the Bank may specify for taking necessary steps to comply with such provision or fulfilment of such condition:
Provided further that before making any order of cancellation of certificate of registration, such company shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
(7) A company aggrieved by the order of rejection of application for registration or cancellation of certificate of registration may prefer an Appeal, within a period of thirty days from the date on which such order of rejection or cancellation is communicated to it, to the Central Government and the decision of the Central Government where an appeal has been preferred to it, or of the Bank where no appeal has been preferred, shall be final:
Provided that before making any order of rejection of appeal, such company shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
Explanations.-- For the purposes of this section,--
(I) "net owned fund" means--
(a) the aggregate of the paid-up equity capital and free reserves as disclosed in the latest balance-sheet of the company after deducting there from--
(i) accumulated balance of loss;
(ii) deferred revenue expenditure; and
(iii) other intangible assets; and
(b) further reduced by the amounts representing--
(1) investments of such company in shares of
(i) its subsidiaries;
(ii) companies in the same group;
(iii) all other non-banking financial companies; and
(2) the book value of debentures, bonds, outstanding loans and advances (including hire-purchase and lease finance) made to, and deposits with,--
(i) subsidiaries of such company; and
(ii) companies in the same group,
to the extent such book value exceeds ten per cent. of (a) above.
(II) "subsidiaries" and "companies in the same group" shall have the same meanings assigned to them in the Companies Act, 1956, (1 of 1956).



1. Ins. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 3 (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).
2. Subs. by Act 23 of 2019, s. 137, for clause (b) (w.e.f. 9-8-2019)

Section 45-IB.Maintenance of percentage of assets.

1[45-IB. Maintenance of percentage of assets.--(1) Every non-banking financial company shall invest and continue to invest in India in unencumbered approved securities, valued at a price not exceeding the current market price of such securities, an amount which, at the close of business on any day, shall not be less than five per cent. or such higher percentage not exceeding twenty-five per cent. as the Bank may, from time to time and by notification in the Official Gazette, specify, of the deposits outstanding at the close of business on the last working day of the second preceding quarter:

Provided that the Bank may specify different percentages of investment in respect of different classes of non-banking financial companies.
(2) For the purpose of ensuring compliance with the provisions of this section, the Bank may require every non-banking financial company to furnish a return to it in such form, in such manner and for such period as may be specified by the Bank.
(3) If the amount invested by a non-banking financial company at the close of business on any day falls below the rate specified under sub-section (1), such company shall be liable to pay to the Bank, in respect of such shortfall, a penal interest at a rate of three per cent. per annum above the bank rate on such amount by which the amount actually invested falls short of the specified percentage, and where the shortfall continues in the subsequent quarters, the rate of penal interest shall be five per cent. per annum above the bank rate on such shortfall for each subsequent quarter.
(4) (a) The penal interest payable under sub-section (3) shall be payable within a period of fourteen days from the date on which a notice issued by the Bank demanding payment of the same is served on the non-banking financial company and, in the event of a failure of the non-banking financial company to pay the same within such period, penalty may be levied by a direction of the principal civil court having jurisdiction in the area where an office of the defaulting non-banking financial company is situated and such direction shall be made only upon an application made in this behalf to the court by the Bank; and
(b) when the court makes a direction under clause (a), it shall issue a certificate specifying the sum payable by the non-banking financial company and every such certificate shall be enforceable in the same manner as if it were a decree made by the court in a suit.
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, if the Bank is satisfied that the defaulting nonbanking financial company had sufficient cause for its failure to comply with the provisions of subsection (1), it may not demand the payment of the penal interest.
Explanation.--For the purpose of this section,--
(i) "approved securities" means securities of any State Government or of the Central Government and such bonds, both the principal whereof and the interest whereon shall have been fully and unconditionally guaranteed by any such Government;
(ii) "unencumbered approved securities" includes the approved securities lodged by the nonbanking financial company with another institution for an advance or any other arrangement to the extent to which such securities have not been drawn against or availed of or encumbered in any manner;
(iii) "quarter" means the period of three months ending on the last day of March, June, September or December.]


1. Ins. by Act 55 of 1963, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-2-1964).

Section 45-IC. Reserve fund.

1[45-IC. Reserve fund.--(1) Every non-banking financial company shall create a reserve fund the transfer therein a sum not less than twenty per cent. of its net profit every year as disclosed in the profit and loss account and before any dividend is declared.

(2) No appropriation of any sum from the reserve fund shall be made by the non-banking financial company except for the purpose as may be specified by the Bank from time to time and every such appropriation shall be reported to the Bank within twenty-one days from the date of such withdrawal:
Provided that the Bank may, in any particular case and for sufficient cause being shown, extend the period of twenty-one days by such further period as it thinks fit or condone any delay in making such report.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the Central Government may, on the recommendation of the Bank and having regard to the adequacy of the paid-up capital and reserves of a non-banking financial company in relation to its deposit liabilities, declare by order in writing that the provisions of sub-section (1) shall not be applicable to the non-banking financial company for such period as may be specified in the order:
Provided that no such order shall be made unless the amount in the reserve fund under sub-section (1) together with the amount in the share premium account is not less than the paid-up capital of the nonbanking financial company.]


1. Ins. by Act 55 of 1963, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-2-1964).

Section 45-ID. Power of Bank to remove directors from office.

1[45-ID. Power of Bank to remove directors from office.(1) Where the Bank is satisfied that in the public interest or to prevent the affairs of a non-banking financial company being conducted in a manner detrimental to the interest of the depositors or creditors, or financial stability or for securing the proper management of such company, it is necessary so to do, the Bank may, by order and for reasons to be recorded in writing, remove from office, a director (by whatever name called) of such company, other than Government owned non-banking financial company with effect from such date as may be specified in the said order.

(2) No order under sub-section (1) shall be made unless the director concerned has been given a reasonable opportunity of making a representation to the Bank against the proposed order:
Provided that if, in the opinion of the Bank, any delay will be detrimental to the interest of the said company or its depositors, the Bank may, at the time of giving the aforesaid opportunity or at any time thereafter, by order direct that, pending the consideration of the representation, if any, the director, shall not, with effect from the date of such order
(a) act as such director of that company;
(b) in any way, whether directly or indirectly, be concerned with or take part in the management of that company.
(3) Where any order is made in respect of a director of a company under sub-section (1), he shall cease to be a director of that non-banking financial company and shall not, in any way, whether directly or indirectly, be concerned with, or take part in the management of any non-banking financial company for such period not exceeding five years at a time as may be specified in the order.
(4) Where an order under sub-section (1) has been made, the Bank may, by order in writing, appoint a suitable person in place of the director, who has been so removed from his office, with effect from such date as may be specified in such order.
(5) Any person appointed under sub-section (4) shall, --
(a) hold office during the pleasure of the Bank and subject thereto for a period not exceeding three years or such further periods not exceeding three years at a time;
(b) not incur any obligation or liability by reason only of his being a director for anything done or omitted to be done in good faith in the execution of the duties of his office or in relation thereto.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force or in any contract, memorandum or articles of association, on the removal of a director from office under this section, such director shall not be entitled to claim any compensation for the loss or termination from office.]


1. Ins. by 23 of 2019, s. 138 (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).

Section 45-IE.Supersession of Board of directors of non-banking financial company (Other than Government Company).

1[45-IE. Supersession of Board of directors of non-banking financial company (other than Government Company).(1) Where the Bank is satisfied that in the public interest or to prevent the affairs of a non-banking financial company being conducted in a manner detrimental to the interest of the depositors or creditors, or of the non-banking financial company (other than Government Company), or for securing the proper management of such company or for financial stability, it is necessary so to do, the Bank may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, by order, supersede the Board of Directors of such company for a period not exceeding five years as may be specified in the order, which may be extended from time to time, so, however, that the total period shall not exceed five years.

(2) The Bank may, on supersession of the Board of Directors of the non-banking financial company under sub-section (1), appoint a suitable person as the Administrator for such period as it may determine.
(3) The Bank may issue such directions to the Administrator as it may deem appropriate and the Administrator shall be bound to follow such directions.
(4) Upon making the order of supersession of the Board of Directors of a non-banking financial company, --
(a) the chairman, managing director and other directors shall from the date of super session of the Board of Directors vacate their offices;
(b) all the powers, functions and duties, which may, by or under the provisions of this Act or any other law for the time being in force, be exercised and discharged by or on behalf of the Board of Directors of such non-banking financial company or by a resolution passed in general meeting of such non-banking financial company, shall, until the Board of Directors of such company is reconstituted, be exercised and discharged by the Administrator referred to in sub-section (2).
(5) (a) The Bank may constitute a committee consisting of three or more members who have experience in law, finance, banking, administration or accountancy to assist the Administrator in discharge of his duties.
(b) The committee shall meet at such times and places and observe such rules of procedure as may be specified by the Bank.
(6) The salary and allowances payable to the Administrator and the members of the committee constituted by the Bank shall be such as may be specified by the Bank and be paid by the concerned nonbanking financial company.
(7) On or before the expiration of the period of super session of the Board of Directors as specified in the order issued under sub-section (1), the Administrator of the non-banking financial company shall facilitate reconstitution of the Board of Directors of the non-banking financial company.
(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force or in any contract, no person shall be entitled to claim any compensation for the loss or termination of his office.
(9) The Administrator referred to in sub-section (2) shall vacate office immediately after the Board of Directors of the non-banking financial company has been reconstituted.]


1. Ins. by 23 of 2019, s. 138 (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).

Section 45J.Bank to regulate or prohibit issue of prospectus or advertisement soliciting deposits of money.

The Bank may, if it consider necessary in the public interest so to do, by general or special order,--

(a) regulate or prohibit the issue by any non-banking institution of any prospectus or advertisement soliciting deposits of money from the public, and
(b) specify the conditions subject to which any such prospectus or advertisement, if not prohibited, may be issued.


Section 45JA.Power of Bank to determine policy and issue directions.

1[45JA. Power of Bank to determine policy and issue directions.--(1) If the Bank is satisfied that, in the public interest or to regulate the financial system of the country to its advantage or to prevent the affairs of any non-banking financial company being conducted in manner detrimental to the interest of the depositors or in a manner prejudicial to the interest of the non-banking financial company, it is necessary or expedient so to do, it may determine the policy and give directions to all or any of the non-banking financial companies relating to income recognition, accounting standards, making of proper provision for bad and doubtful debts, capital adequacy based on risk weights for assets and credit conversion factors for off balance-sheet items and also relating to deployment of funds by a non-banking financial company or a class of non-banking financial companies or non-banking financial companies generally, as the case may be, and such non-banking financial companies shall be bound to follow the policy so determined and the direction so issued.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the powers vested under sub-section (1), the Bank may give directions to non-banking financial companies generally or to a class of non banking financial companies or to any non-banking financial company in particular as to--
(a) the purpose for which advances or other fund based or non-fund based accommodation may not be made; and
(b) the maximum amount of advances of other financial accommodation or investment in shares and other securities which, having regard to the paid-up capital, reserves and deposits of the nonbanking financial company and other relevant considerations, may be made by that non-banking financial company to any person or a company or to a group of companies.]


1. Ins. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 4 (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).

Section 45K.Power of Bank to collect information from non - banking institutions as to deposits and to give directions.

(1) The Bank may at any time direct that every non-banking institution shall furnish to the Bank, in such form, at such intervals and within such time, such statements information or particulars relating to or connected with deposits received by the non-banking institution, as may be specified by the Bank by general or special order.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the power vested in the Bank under sub-section (1), the statements, information or particulars to be furnished under sub-section (1), may relate to all or any of the following matters, namely, the amount of the deposits, the purposes and periods for which, and the rates of interest and other terms and conditions on which, they are received.
(3) The Bank may, if it considers necessary in the public interest so to do, give directions to nonbanking institutions either generally or to any non-banking institution or group of non-banking institutions in particular, in respect of any matters relating to or connected with the receipt of deposits, including the rates of interest payable on such deposits, and the periods for which deposits may be received.
(4) If any non-banking institution fails to comply with any direction given by the Bank under sub-section (3), the Bank may prohibit the acceptance of deposits by that non-banking institution.
1* * * * *
(6) Every non-banking institution receiving deposits shall, if so required by the Bank and within such time as the Bank may specify, cause to be sent at the cost of the non-banking institution a copy of its annual balance-sheet arid profit and loss account or other annual accounts to every person from whom the non-banking institution holds, as on the last day of the year to which the accounts relate, deposits higher than such sum as may be specified by the Bank.


1. Sub-section (5) omitted by Act 51 of 1974, s. 18 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 45L.Power of Bank to call for information from financial institutions and to give directions.

(1) If the Bank is satisfied for the purpose of enabling it to regulate the credit system of the country to its advantage it is necessary so to do, it may--

(a) require financial institutions either generally or any group of financial institutions or financial institution in particular, to furnish to the Bank in such form, at such intervals and within such time, such statements, information or particulars relating to the business of such financial institutions or institution, as may be specified by the Bank by general or special order;
(b) give to such institutions either generally or to any such institution in particular, directions relating to the conduct of business by them or by it as financial institutions or institution.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the power vested in the Bank under clause (a) of subsection (1), the statements, information or particulars to be furnished by a financial institution may relate to all or any of the following matters, namely, the paid-up capital, reserves or other liabilities, the investments whether in Government securities or otherwise, the persons to whom, and the purposes and periods for which, finance is provided and the terms and conditions, including the rates of interest, on which it is provided.
(3) In issuing directions to any financial institution under clause (b) of subsection (1), the Bank shall have due regard to the conditions in which, and the objects for which, the institution has been established, its statutory responsibilities, if any, and the effect the business of such financial institution is likely to have on trends in the money and capital markets.


Section 45M.Duty of non-banking institutions to furnish statements, etc., required by Bank.

It shall be the duty or every non-banking institution to furnish the statements, information or particulars called for, and to comply with any direction given to it, under the provisions of this Chapter.



Section 45MA.Powers and duties of auditors.

1[45MA. Powers and duties of auditors.--(1) It shall be the duty of an auditor of a non-banking institution to inquire whether or not the non-banking institution has furnished to the Bank such statements, information or particulars relating to or connected with deposits received by it, as are required to be furnished under this Chapter, and the auditor shall, except where he is satisfied on such inquiry that the non-banking institution has furnished such statements, information or particulars, make a report to the Bank giving the aggregate amount of such deposits held by the non-banking institution.

2[(1A) The Bank may, on being satisfied that it is necessary so to do, in the public interest or in the interest of the depositors or for the purpose of proper assessment of the books of accounts, issue directions to any non-banking financial company or any class of non-banking financial companies or nonbanking financial companies generally or to the auditors of such non-banking financial company or companies relating to balance-sheet, profit and loss account, disclosure of liabilities in the books of accounts or any matter relating thereto.]
(2) Where, in the case of 3[a non-banking financial company], the auditor has made, or intends to make, a report to the Bank under sub-section (1), he shall include in his report under sub-section (2) of section 227 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), the contents of the report which he has made or intends to make, to the Bank.]
2[(3) Where the bank is of the opinion that it is necessary so to do in the public interest or in the interest of the non-banking financial company or in the interest of depositors of such company it may at any time by order direct that a special audit of the accounts of the non-banking financial company in relation to any such transaction or class of transactions or for such period or periods, as may be specified in the order, shall be conducted and the Bank may appoint an auditor or auditors to conduct such special audit and direct the auditor or the auditors to submit the report to it.
(4) The remuneration of the auditors as may be fixed by the Bank, having regard to the nature and volume of work involved in the audit and the expenses of or incidental to the audit, shall be borne by the non-banking financial company so audited.]


1. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 19 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
2. Ins. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 5 (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).
3. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., for "a non-banking institution, being a company" (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).

Section 45MAA. Power to take action against auditors.

1[45MAA. Power to take action against auditors. -- Where any auditor fails to comply with any direction given or order made by the Bank under section 45MA, the Bank, may, if satisfied, remove or debar the auditor from exercising the duties as auditor of any of the Bank regulated entities for a maximum period of three years, at a time.]



1. Ins. by Act 23 of 2019, s. 139 (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).

Section 45MB.Power of Bank to prohibit acceptance of deposit and alienation of assets.
Section 45MBA.Resolution of non-banking financial company.

1[45MBA. Resolution of non-banking financial company.--(1) Without prejudice to any other provision of this Act or any other law for the time being in force, the Bank may, if it is satisfied, upon an inspection of the Books of a non-banking financial company that it is in the public interest or in the interest of financial stability so to do for enabling the continuance of the activities critical to the functioning of the financial system, frame schemes which may provide for any one or more of the following, namely: --

(a) amalgamation with any other non-banking institution;
(b) reconstruction of the non-banking financial company;
(c) splitting the non-banking financial company into different units or institutions and vesting viable and non-viable businesses in separate units or institutions to preserve the continuity of the activities of that non-banking financial company that are critical to the functioning of the financial system and for such purpose establish institutions called "Bridge Institutions".
Explanation.-- For the purposes of this sub-section, "Bridge Institutions" mean temporary institutional arrangement made under the scheme referred to in this sub-section, to preserve the continuity of the activities of a non-banking financial company that are critical to the functioning of the financial system.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provisions, the scheme referred to in sub-section (1) may provide for--
(a) reduction of the pay and allowances of the chief executive officer, managing director, chairman or any officer in the senior management of the non-banking financial company;
(b) cancellation of all or some of the shares of the non-banking financial company held by the chief executive officer, managing director, chairman or any officer in the senior management of the non-banking financial company or their relatives;
(c) sale of any of the assets of the non-banking financial company.
(3) The chief executive officer, managing director, chairman or any officer in the senior management of the non-banking financial company whose pay and allowances are reduced or the shareholders whose shares are cancelled under the scheme shall not be entitled to any compensation.]


1. Ins. by Act 23 of 2019, s. 140 (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).

Section 45MC.Power of Bank to file winding up petition.

(1) The Bank, on being satisfied that a non-banking financial company--

(a) is unable to pay its debt; or
(b) has by virtue of the provisions of section 45-IA become disqualified to carry on the business of a non-banking financial institution; or
(c) has been prohibited by the Bank from receiving deposit by an order and such order has been in force for a period of not less than three months; or
(d) the continuance of the non-banking financial company is detrimental to the public interest or to the interest of depositors of the company,
may file an application for winding up of such non-banking financial company under the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956).
(2) A non-banking financial company shall be deemed to be unable to pay its debt if it has refused or has failed to meet within five working days any lawful demand made at any to its offices or branches and the Bank certifies in writing that such company is unable to pay its debt.
(3) A copy of every application made by the Bank under sub-section (1) shall be sent to the Registrar of Companies.
(4) All the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) relating to winding up of a company shall apply to a winding up proceeding initiated on the application made by the Bank under this provision.]


Section 45N.Inspection.

1[(1) The Bank may, at any time, cause an inspection to be made by one or more of its officers or employees or other persons (hereafter in this section referred to as the inspecting authority)--

(i) of any non-banking institution, including a financial institution, for the purposes of verifying the correctness or completeness of any statement, information or particulars furnished to the Bank or for the purpose of obtaining any information or particulars which the non-banking institution has failed to furnish on being called upon to do so; or
(ii) of any non-banking institution being a financial institution, if the Bank considers it necessary or expedient to inspect that institution.]
(2) It shall be the duly of every director or member of any committee or other body for the time being vested with the management of the affairs of the non-banking institution or other officer or employee thereof to produce to the inspecting authority all such books, accounts and other documents in his custody or power and to furnish that authority with any statements and information relating to the business of the institution as that authority may require of him, within such time as may be specified by that authority.
(3) The inspecting authority may examine on oath any director or member of any committee or body for the time being vested with the management of the affairs of the non-banking institution or other officer or employee thereof, in relation to its business and may administer an oath accordingly.


1. Subs. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 20, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 45NA.Deposits not to be solicited by unauthorised person.

1[45NA. Deposits not to be solicited by unauthorised person.--No person shall solicit on behalf of any non-banking institution either by publishing or causing to be published any prospectus or advertisement or in any other manner deposits of money from the public unless

(a) he has been authorised in writing by the said non-banking institution to do so and specifies the name of the institution which has so authorised him, and
(b) the prospectus or advertisement complies with any order made by the Bank under section 45J and with any other provision of law for the time being in force, applicable to the publication of such prospectus or advertisement.]


1. Ins. by s. 21, ibid. (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 45NAA. Power in respect of group companies.

1[45NAA. Power in respect of group companies. —(1) The Bank may, at any time, direct a nonbanking financial company to annex to its financial statements or furnish separately, within such time and at such intervals as may be specified by the Bank, such statements and information relating to the business or affairs of any group company of the non-banking financial company as the Bank may consider necessary or expedient to obtain for the purposes of this Act.

(2) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013), the Bank may, at any time, cause an inspection or audit to be made of any group company of a non-banking financial company and its books of account.
Explanation. — For the purposes of this section, —
(a) “group company” shall mean an arrangement involving two or more entities related to each other through any of the following relationships, namely: —
(i) subsidiary—parent (as may be notified by the Bank in accordance with Accounting Standards);
(ii) joint venture (as may be notified by the Bank in accordance with Accounting Standards);
(iii) associate (as may be notified by the Bank in accordance with Accounting Standards);
(iv) promoter-promotee (under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992) or the rules or regulations made there under for listed companies);
(v) related party;
(vi) common brand name (that is usage of a registered brand name of an entity by another entity for business purposes); and
(vii) investment in equity shares of twenty per cent. and above in the entity;
(b) “Accounting Standards” means the Accounting Standards notified by the Central Government under section 133, read with section 469 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) and sub-section (1) of section 210A of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956).]


1.Ins. by Act 23 of 2019, s. 141 (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).

Section 45NB.Disclosure of information.

1[45NB. Disclosure of information.--(1) Any information relating to a non-banking financial company,--

(i) contained in any statement or return submitted by such company under the provisions of this chapter; or
(ii) obtained through audit or inspection or otherwise by the Bank,
shall be treated as confidential and shall not, except otherwise provided in this section, be disclosed.
(2) Nothing in this section shall apply to--
(a) the disclosure by any non-banking financial company, with the previous permission of the Bank, of any information furnished to the Bank under sub-section (1);
(b) the publication by the Bank, if it considers necessary in the public interest so to do, of any information collected by it under sub-section (1) in such consolidated form as it may think fit without disclosing the name of any non-banking financial company or its borrowers;
(c) the disclosure or publication by the non-banking financial company or by the Bank of any such information to any other non-banking financial company or in accordance with the practice and usage customary amongst such companies or as permitted or required under any other law:
Provided that any such information received by a non-banking financial company under this clause shall not be published except in accordance with the practice and usage customary amongst companies or as permitted or required under any other law.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or in any other law for the time being in force, the Bank, if it is satisfied that, in the public interest or in the interest of the depositors or the non-banking financial company or to prevent the affairs of any non-banking financial company being conducted in a manner detrimental to the interest of the depositors, it is expedient so to do, may, either on its own motion or on being requested, furnish or communicate any information relating to the conduct of business by any non-banking financial company to any authority constituted under any law.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, no court or tribunal or other authority shall compel the Bank to produce or to give inspection of any statement or other material obtained by the Bank under any provisions of this chapter.]


1. Ins. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 7 (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).

Section 45NC.Power of Bank to exempt.

The Bank, on being satisfied that it is necessary so to do, may declare by notification in the Official Gazette that any or all of the provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to a non-banking institution or a class of non-banking institutions or a non-banking financial company or to any class or non-banking financial companies either generally or for such period as may be specified, subject to such conditions, limitations or restrictions as it may think fit to impose.]



Section 45-O.Omitted. .

[Penalties.]--Omitted by the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act, 1974, (51 of 1974), s. 22 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).



Section 45P.[Omitted.].

[Cognizance of offence].--Omitted by s. 22, ibid. (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).



Section 45Q.Chapter IIIB to override other laws.

The provisions of this Chapter shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any other law for the time being in force or any instrument having effect by virtue of any such law.]



Section 45QA.Power of Company Law Board to offer repayment of deposit.

1[45QA. Power of Company Law Board to offer repayment of deposit.--(1) Every deposit accepted by a non-banking financial company, unless renewed, shall be repaid in accordance with the terms and condition of such deposit.

(2) Where a non-banking financial company has failed to repay and deposit or part thereof in accordance with the terms and conditions of such deposit, the Company Law Board constituted under section 10E of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), may, if it is satisfied, either on its own motion or on an application of the depositor, that it is necessary so to do to safeguard the interests of the company, the depositors or in the public interest, direct, by order, the non-banking financial company to make repayment of such deposit or part thereof forthwith or within such time and subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order:
Provided that the Company Law Board may, before making any order under this sub-section, give a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the non-banking financial company and the other persons interested in the matter.]


1. Ins. by s. 8, ibid. (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).

Section 45QB.Nomination by depositors.

1[45QB. Nomination by depositors.--(1) Where a deposit is held by a non-banking financial institution to the credit of one or more persons, the depositor or, as the case may be, all the depositors together may nominate, in the manner prescribed by rules made by the Central Government under section 45ZA of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949), one person to whom in the event of the death of the sole depositor or the death of all the depositors, the amount of deposit may be returned by the nonbanking financial institution.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, or in any disposition, whether testamentary or otherwise, in respect of such deposit, where a nomination made purports to confer on any person the right to receive the amount of deposit from the non-banking financial institution, the nominee shall, on the death of the sole depositor or, as the case may be, on the death of all the depositors, become entitled to all the rights of the sole depositor or, as the case may be, of the depositors, in relation to such deposit to the exclusion of all other persons, unless the nomination is varied or cancelled in the manner prescribed by rules made by the Central Government under section 45ZA of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949).
(3) Where the nominee is a minor, it shall be lawful for the depositor making the nomination to appoint, in the manner prescribed by rules made by the Central Government under section 45ZA of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949), any person to receive the amount of deposit in the event of his death during the minority of the nominee.
(4) Payment by a non-banking institution in accordance with the provisions of this section shall constitute a full discharge to the non-banking institution of its liability in respect of the deposit:
Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall effect the right or claim which any person may have against the person to whom any payment is made under this section.
(5) No notice of the claim of any person, other than the person or persons in whose name a deposit is held by a non-banking institution, shall be receivable by the non-banking institution, nor shall the nonbanking institution be bound by any such notice even though expressly given to it:
Provided that where any decree order, certificate or other authority from a court of competent jurisdiction relating to such deposit is produced before a non-banking institution, the non-banking institution shall take due note of such decree, order, certificate or other authority.]


1. Ins. by s. 8, ibid. (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).

Section 45R.Interpretation.

1[45R. Interpretation.--The words and expressions used in this Chapter and defined in Chapter IIIB shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them therein.]



1. Ins. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 10 (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).

Section 45S.Deposits not to be accepted in certain cases.

1[ 2[45S. Deposits not to be accepted in certain cases.--(1) No person, being an individual or a firm or an unincorporated association of individuals shall, accept any deposit--

(i) if his or its business wholly or partly includes any of the activities specified in clause (c) of section 45-1; or
(ii) if his or its principal business is that of receiving of deposits under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner or lending in any manner:
Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall apply to the receipt of money by an individual by way of loan from any of his relatives or to the receipt of money by a firm by way of loan from the relative or relatives of any of the partners.
(2) Where any person referred to in sub-section (1) holds any deposit on the 1st day of April, 1997 which is not in accordance with sub-section (1), such deposit shall be repaid by that person immediately after such deposit becomes due for repayment or within three years from the date of such commencement, whichever is earlier:
Provided that if the Bank is satisfied on an application made by any person to the Bank that such person is unable to repay a part of the deposits for reasons beyond his control or such repayment shall cause extreme hardship to him, it may, by an order in writing, extend such period by a period not exceeding one year subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order.
(3) on and from the date of 1st day of April, 1997, no person referred to in sub-section (1) shall issue or cause to be issued any advertisement in any form for soliciting deposit.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, a person shall be deemed to be a relative of another if, and only if,--
(i) they are members of a Hindu undivided family; or
(ii) they are husband and wife; or
(iii) the one is related to the other in the manner indicated in the List of Relatives below:--
List of Relatives
1. Father, 2. Mother (including step-mother), 3. Son (including stepson), 4. Son's wife, 5. Daughter (including step-daughter), 6. Father's father, 7. Father's mother, 8. Mother's mother, 9. Mother's father, 10. Son's son, 11. Son's son's wife, 12. Son's Daughter 13. Son's Daughter's husband, 14. Daughter's husband, 15 Daughter's son, 16 Daughter's son's wife, 17. Daughter's daughter, 18, Daughter's daughter's husband. 19. Brother (including step-brother), 20. Brother's wife, 21. Sister (including stepsister), 22. Sister's husband].]


1. Ins. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 10 (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).
2. Subs. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 9, for section 45S (w.e.f. 1-4-1997).

Section 45T.Power to issue search warrants.

1[45T. Power to issue search warrants.--(1) Any court having jurisdiction to issue a search warrant under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), may, on an application by an officer of the bank or of the State Government authorised in this behalf stating his belief that certain documents relating to acceptance of deposits in contravention of the provisions of section 45S are secreted in any place within the local limits of the jurisdiction of such court, issue a warrant to search for such documents.

(2) A warrant issued under sub-section (1) shall be executed in the same manner and shall have the same effect as a search warrant issued under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974).]


1. Ins. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 10 (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).

Section 45U.Definitions.

1[45U. Definitions.--For the purposes of this Chapter,--

(a) "derivative" means an instrument, to be settled at a future date, whose value is derived from change in interest rate, foreign exchange rate, credit rating or credit index, price of securities (also called "underlying"), or a combination of more than one of them and includes interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements, foreign currency swaps, foreign currency-rupee swaps, foreign currency options, foreign currency-rupee options or such other instruments as may be specified by the Bank from time to time;
(b) "money market instruments" include call or notice money, term money, repo, reverse repo, certificate of deposit, commercial usance bill, commercial paper and such other debt instrument of original or initial maturity up to one year as the Bank may specify from time to time;
(c) "repo" means an instrument for borrowing funds by selling securities with an agreement to repurchase the securities on a mutually agreed future date at an agreed price which includes interest for the funds borrowed;
(d) "reverse repo" means an instrument for lending funds by purchasing securities with an agreement to resell the securities on a mutually agreed future date at an agreed price which includes interest for the funds lent;
(e) "securities" means securities of the Central Government or a State Government or such securities of a local authority as may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government and, for the purposes of "repo" or "reverse repo", include corporate bonds and debentures.]


1. Ins. by Act 26 of 2006, s. 4 (w.e.f. 9-1-2007).

Section 45V.Transactions in derivatives.

1[45V. Transactions in derivatives.--(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956(42 of 1956) or any other law for the time being in force, transactions in such derivatives, as may be specified by the Bank from time to time, shall be valid, if at least one of the parties to the transaction is the Bank, a scheduled bank, or such other agency falling under the regulatory purview of the Bank under the Act, the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949), the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999), or any other Act or instrument having the force of law, as may be specified by the Bank from time to time.

(2) Transactions in such derivatives, as had been specified by the Bank from time to time, shall be deemed always to have been valid, as if the provisions of sub-section (1) were in force at all material times.]


1. Ins. by Act 26 of 2006, s. 4 (w.e.f. 9-1-2007).

Section 45W.Power to regulate transactions in derivatives, money market instruments, etc.

1[45W. Power to regulate transactions in derivatives, money market instruments, etc.--(1) The Bank may, in public interest, or to regulate the financial system of the country to its advantage, determine the policy relating to interest rates or interest rate products and give directions in that behalf to all agencies or any of them, dealing in securities, money market instruments, foreign exchange, derivatives, or other instruments of like nature as the Bank may specify from time to time:

Provided that the directions issued under this sub-section shall not relate to the procedure for execution or settlement of the trades in respect of the transactions mentioned therein, on the Stock Exchanges recognised under section 4 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956).
(2) The Bank may, for the purpose of enabling it to regulate agencies referred to in sub-section (1), call for any information, statement or other particulars from them, or cause an inspection of such agencies to be made.]


1. Ins. by Act 26 of 2006, s. 4 (w.e.f. 9-1-2007).

Section 45X.Duty to comply with directions and furnish information.

1[45X. Duty to comply with directions and furnish information.--It shall be the duty of every director or member or other body for the time being vested with the management of the affairs of the agencies referred to in section 45W to comply with the directions given by the Bank and to submit the information or statement or particulars called for under that section.]



1. Ins. by Act 26 of 2006, s. 4 (w.e.f. 9-1-2007).

Section 45Y.Joint Mechanism.

1[45Y. Joint Mechanism.--(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992) or any other law for the time being in force, if any difference of opinion arises as to whether--

(i) any instrument, being derivative referred to in clause (a) or money market instrument referred to in clause (b) or repo referred to in clause (c) or reverse repo referred to in clause (d) or securities referred to in clause (e) of section 45U of this Act; or
(ii) any instrument, being policy of life insurance under the Insurance Act, 1938(4 of 1938), or the rules or regulations made thereunder, or, scrips or any other securities referred to in sub-clauses (i), (ia), (ib), (ic), (id), (ie), (ii), (iia) and (iii) of clause (h) of section 2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956(42 of 1956),
is hybrid or composite instrument, having a component of money market investment or securities market instrument or a component of insurance or any other instrument referred to in clause (i) or clause (ii) and falls within the jurisdiction of the Reserve Bank of India or the Securities and Exchange Board of India established under section 3 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992(15 of 1992) or the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority established under section 3 of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999(41 of 1999) or the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority constituted by the Resolution of the Government of India number F.No. 1(6)2007-PR, dated the 14th November, 2008, such difference of opinion shall be referred to a Joint Committee consisting of the following, namely:--
(a) the Union Finance Minister--ex officio Chairperson;
(b) the Governor, Reserve Bank of India--ex officio Vice-Chairperson;
(c) the Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India--ex officio Member;
(d) the Secretary, Department of Financial Services in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India--ex officio Member;
(e) the Chairperson, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority--ex officio Member;
(f) the Chairman, Securities and Exchange Board of India--ex officio Member;
(g) the Chairperson, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority--ex officio Member.
(2) The Secretary, Department of Financial Services in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India shall be the convener of the meetings of the Joint Committee referred to in sub-section (1).
(3) In case of any difference of opinion referred to in sub-section (1), any Member of the Joint Committee referred to in clauses (b), (e), (f) or (g) of that sub-section may make a reference to the Joint Committee.
(4) The Joint Committee shall follow such procedure as it may consider expedient and give, within a period of three months from the date of reference made under sub-section (3), its decisions thereon to the Central Government.
(5) The decision of the Joint Committee shall be binding on the Reserve Bank of India, the Securities and Exchange Board of India, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority and the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority.]


1. Ins. by Act 26 of 2010, s. 2 (w.e.f. 18-6-2010).

Section 45Z.Provisions of this Chapter to override other provisions of Act.

1[45Z. Provisions of this Chapter to override other provisions of Act.--The provisions of this Chapter shall have effect, notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any other provisions of this Act.]



1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZA.Inflation target.

1[45ZA. Inflation target.--(1) The Central Government shall, in consultation with the Bank, determine the inflation target in terms of the Consumer Price Index, once in every five years.

(2) The Central Government shall, upon such determination, notify the inflation target in the Official Gazette.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZB.Constitution of Monetary Policy Committee.

1[45ZB. Constitution of Monetary Policy Committee.--(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute a Committee to be called the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank.

(2) The Monetary Policy Committee shall consist of the following Members, namely:--
(a) the Governor of the Bank--Chairperson, ex officio;
(b) Deputy Governor of the Bank, in charge of Monetary Policy--Member, ex officio;
(c) one officer of the Bank to be nominated by the Central Board--Member, ex officio; and
(d) three persons to be appointed by the Central Government--Members.
(3) The Monetary Policy Committee shall determine the Policy Rate required to achieve the inflation target.
(4) The decision of the Monetary Policy Committee shall be binding on the Bank.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZC.Eligibility and selection of Members appointed by Central Government.

1[45ZC. Eligibility and selection of Members appointed by Central Government.--(1) The Members of the Monetary Policy Committee referred to in clause (d) of sub-section (2) of section 45ZB shall be appointed by the Central Government from amongst persons of ability, integrity and standing, having knowledge and experience in the field of economics or banking or finance or monetary policy:

Provided that no person shall be appointed as a Member, in case such person--
(i) has completed the age of seventy years on the date of appointment as Member;
(ii) is a Member of any Board or Committee of the Bank;
(iii) is an employee of the Bank;
(iv) is a public servant as defined under section 21 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860);
(v) is a Member of Parliament or any State Legislature;
(vi) has been at any time, adjudged as an insolvent;
(vii) has been convicted of an offence which is punishable with an imprisonment for a term of one hundred and eighty days or more;
(viii) is physically or mentally incapable of discharging the duties of a Member of the Monetary Policy Committee; or
(ix) has a material conflict of interest with the Bank and is unable to resolve such conflict.
(2) The Members of the Monetary Policy Committee referred to in clause (d) of sub-section (2) of section 45ZB shall be appointed by the Central Government on the recommendations made by Search-cum-Selection Committee consisting of the following members, namely:--
(a) Cabinet Secretary--Chairperson;
(b) Governor of the Reserve Bank of India or his representative (not below the rank of Deputy Governor)--member;
(c) Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs--member;
(d) three experts in the field of economics or banking or finance or Monetary policy to be nominated by the Central Government--members.
(3) While selecting the Members of the Monetary Policy Committee, the Search-cum-Selection Committee shall follow such procedure as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZD.Terms and conditions of appointment of Members of Monetary Policy Committee.

1[45ZD. Terms and conditions of appointment of Members of Monetary Policy Committee--(1) The Members of the Monetary Policy Committee appointed under clause (d) of sub-section (2) of section 45ZB shall hold office for a period of four years and shall not be eligible for re-appointment.

(2) The terms and conditions of appointment of Members of the Monetary Policy Committee shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government and the remuneration and other allowances payable to such Members shall be such as may be specified by the regulations made by the Central Board.
(3) A Member may resign from the Monetary Policy Committee, at any time before the expiry of his tenure under sub-section (1), by giving to the Central Government, a written notice of not less than six weeks, and on the acceptance of the resignation by the Central Government, he shall cease to be a Member of the Monetary Policy Committee.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZE.Removal of Members of Monetary Policy Committee.

1[45ZE. Removal of Members of Monetary Policy Committee.--(1) The Central Government may remove from office any Member of the Monetary Policy Committee appointed under clause (d) of sub-section (2) of section 45ZB, who--

(a) is, or at any time has been, adjudged as an insolvent; or
(b) has become physically or mentally incapable of acting as a Member; or
(c) has been convicted of an offence which, in the opinion of the Central Government, involves moral turpitude; or
(d) has failed to adequately disclose any material conflict of interest at the time of his appointment; or
(e) does not attend three consecutive meetings of the Monetary Policy Committee without obtaining prior leave; or
(f) has acquired such financial or other interest as is likely to affect prejudicially his functions as a Member; or
(g) has acquired any post referred to in clauses (ii), (iii), (iv) and clause (v) of the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 45ZC; or
(h) has, in the opinion of the Central Government, so abused his position as to render his continuance in office detrimental to the public interest.
(2) No Member appointed under clause (d) of sub-section (2) of section 45ZB shall be removed under clause (d) or clause (e) or clause (f) or clause (g) or clause (h) of sub-section (1) unless he has been given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in the matter.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZF.Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings of Monetary Policy Committee.

1[45ZF. Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings of Monetary Policy Committee.--No act or proceeding of the Monetary Policy Committee shall be invalid merely by reason of--

(a) any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of the Monetary Policy Committee; or
(b) any defect in the appointment of a person acting as a Member of the Monetary Policy Committee; or
(c) any irregularity in the procedure of the Monetary Policy Committee not affecting the merits of the case.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZG.Secretary to Monetary Policy Committee.

1[45ZG. Secretary to Monetary Policy Committee.--(1) The Bank shall appoint a Secretary to the Monetary Policy Committee to provide secretariat support to the said Committee.

(2) The Secretary shall perform such functions and in such manner as may be specified by the regulations made by the Central Board.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZH.Information for Monetary Policy Committee Members.

1[45ZH. Information for Monetary Policy Committee Members.--(1) The Bank shall provide all information to the Members of the Monetary Policy Committee that may be relevant to achieve the inflation target.

(2) In addition to information provided by the Bank under sub-section (1), any Member of the Monetary Policy Committee may, at any time, request the Bank for additional information, including any data, models or analysis.
(3) The Bank shall provide the information, as referred to in sub-section (2), to the Member of the Monetary Policy Committee, within reasonable time, unless--
(a) the information pertains to an entity or person and is not publicly available; or
(b) the information allows an entity or person to be identified and the information is not publicly available.
(4) Any information provided by the Bank to a Member of the Monetary Policy Committee shall be provided to all the Members of the Monetary Policy Committee.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45Z-I. Meetings of Monetary Policy Committee.

1[45Z-I. Meetings of Monetary Policy Committee.--(1) The Bank shall organise at least four meetings of the Monetary Policy Committee in a year.

(2) The meeting schedule of the Monetary Policy Committee for a year shall be published by the Bank at least one week before the first meeting in that year.
(3) The meeting schedule may be changed only--
(a) by way of a decision taken at a prior meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee; or
(b) if, in the opinion of the Governor, an additional meeting is required or a meeting is required to be rescheduled due to administrative exigencies.
(4) Any change in meeting schedule shall be published by the Bank as soon as practicable.
(5) The quorum for a meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee shall be four Members, at least one of whom shall be the Governor and in his absence, the Deputy Governor who is the Member of the Monetary Policy Committee.
(6) The meetings of the Monetary Policy Committee shall be presided over by the Governor, and in his absence by the Deputy Governor who is a Member of the Monetary Policy Committee.
(7) Each Member of the Monetary Policy Committee shall have one vote.
(8) All questions which come up before any meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee shall be decided by a majority of votes by the Members present and voting, and in the event of an equality of votes, the Governor shall have a second or casting vote.
(9) The Central Government may, if it considers necessary, convey its views in writing to the Monetary Policy Committee from time to time.
(10) The vote of each Member of the Monetary Policy Committee for a proposed resolution shall be recorded against such Member.
(11) Each Member of the Monetary Policy Committee shall write a statement specifying the reasons for voting in favour of, or against the proposed resolution.
(12) The procedure, conduct, code of confidentiality and any other incidental matter for the functioning of the Monetary Policy Committee shall be such as may be specified by the regulations made by the Central Board.
(13) The proceeding of the Monetary Policy Committee shall be confidential.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZJ.Steps to be taken to implement decision of Monetary Policy Committee.

145ZJ. Steps to be taken to implement decision of Monetary Policy Committee.--(1) The Bank shall publish a document explaining the steps to be taken by it to implement the decisions of the Monetary Policy Committee, including any changes thereto.

(2) The particulars to be included in such document and the frequency of publications of such document shall be such as may be specified by the regulations made by the Central Board.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZK.Publication of decisions.

1[45ZK. Publication of decisions.--The Bank shall publish, after the conclusion of every meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee, the resolution adopted by the said Committee; ]



1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZL.Publication of proceedings of meeting of Monetary Policy Committee.

1[45ZL. Publication of proceedings of meeting of Monetary Policy Committee.--The Bank shall publish, on the fourteenth day after every meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee, the minutes of the proceedings of the meeting which shall include the following, namely:--

(a) the resolution adopted at the meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee;
(b) the vote of each member of the Monetary Policy Committee, ascribed to such member, on resolutions adopted in the said meeting; and
(c) the statement of each member of the Monetary Policy Committee under sub-section (11) of section 45ZL on the resolutions adopted in the said meeting.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZM.Monetary Policy Report.

1[45ZM. Monetary Policy Report.--(1) The Bank shall, once in every six months, publish a document to be called the Monetary Policy Report, explaining--

(a) the sources of inflation; and
(b) the forecasts of inflation for the period between six to eighteen months from the date of publication of the document.
(2) The form and contents of the Monetary Policy Report shall be such as may be specified by the regulations made by the Central Board.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZN.Failure to maintain inflation target.

1[45ZN. Failure to maintain inflation target.--Where the Bank fails to meet the inflation target, it shall set out in a report to the Central Government--

(a) the reasons for failure to achieve the inflation target;
(b) remedial actions proposed to be taken by the Bank; and
(c) an estimate of the time-period within which the inflation target shall be achieved pursuant to timely implementation of proposed remedial actions.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, the factors that constitute failure shall be such as may be notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette, within three months from the date of the commencement of Part I of Chapter XII of the Finance Act, 2016.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 45ZO.Power to make rules.

1[45ZO. Power to make rules.--(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Chapter.

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for--
(a) the procedure of functioning of the Search-cum-Selection Committee under sub-section (3) of section 45ZC;
(b) the terms and conditions of appointment, (other than the remuneration and other allowances), of Members of the Monetary Policy Committee under sub-section (2) of section 45ZD; and
(c) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed by the Central Government by rules.]


1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 222 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).

Section 46.Contribution by Central Government to the Reserve Fund.

The 1[Central Government] shall transfer to the Bank rupee securities to the value of five crores of rupees to be allocated by the Bank to the Reserve Fund.



1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".

Section 46A.Contribution to National Rural Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund and Nation al Rural Credit (Stabilisation) Fund.

1[46A. Contribution to National Rural Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund and National Rural Credit (Stabilisation) Fund.--The Bank shall contribute every year such sums of money as it may consider necessary and feasible to do so, to the National Rural Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund and the National Rural Credit (Stabilisation) Fund established and maintained by the National Bank under sections 42 and 43, respectively, of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981 (61 of 1981).]



1. Subs. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule, for sections 46A and 46B (w.e.f. 12-7-1982). Earlier these sections were inserted by Act 24 of 1955, s. 7 (w.e.f. 8-5-1955).

Section 46C.National Industrial Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund.

1[46C. National Industrial Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund.--(1) The Bank shall establish and maintain a Fund to be known as the National Industrial Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund to which shall be credited--

(a) an initial sum of ten crores of rupees by the Bank;
(b) such further sums of money as the Bank may contribute every year:
Provided that the annual contribution during each of the five years commencing with the year ending on the 30th day of June, 1965 shall not be less than five crores of rupees:
Provided further that the Central Government may, if the circumstances so require, authorise the Bank to reduce the said sum of five crores of rupees in any year.
(2) The amount in the said fund shall be applied by the Bank only to the following objects, namely:--
2* * * * *]
3[(c) the making to the Exim Bank 4[or the Reconstruction Bank 5[or the Small Industries Bank], as the case may be] of loans and advances for the purposes of any business of the Exim Bank 4 [or the Reconstruction Bank 5[or the Small Industries Bank], as the case may be];
(d) the purchasing of bonds and debentures issued by the Exim Bank 4[or the Reconstruction Bank 5[or the Small Industries Bank] 6[or the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development or the other development financial institution,]] as the case may be].]


1. Ins. by Act 18 of 1964, s. 38 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-7-1964).
2. Clauses (a) and (b) omitted by Act 53 of 2003, s. 12 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 2-7-2004).
3. Ins. by Act 28 of 1981, s. 40 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1982).
4. Ins. by Act 62 of 1984, s. 71 and the Third Schedule (w.e.f. 20-3-1985).
5. Ins. by Act 39 of 1989, s. 53 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 7-3-1990).
6. Ins. by Act 17 of 2021, s. 47 and the second schedule (w.e.f. 19-4-2021).

Section 46D.National Housing Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund.

1[46D. National Housing Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund.--(1) The Bank shall establish and maintain a Fund to be known as the National Housing Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund to which shall be credited every year such sums of money as it may consider necessary.

(2) The amount in the said Fund shall be applied by the Bank only to the following objects namely:--
(a) the making to the National Housing Bank of loans and advances for the purpose of any business of the National Housing Bank;
(b) the purchasing of bonds and debentures issued by the National Housing Bank.]


1. Ins. by Act 53 of 1987, s. 56 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 9-7-1988).

Section 47.Allocation of surplus profits.

1[47. Allocation of surplus profits.--After making provision for bad and doubtful debts, depreciation in assets, contributions to staff and superannuation fund 2[and for all other matters for which provision is to be made by or under this Act or which] are usually provided for by bankers, the balance, of the profits shall be paid to the Central Government.]



1. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for section 47 (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
2. Subs. by Act 24 of 1955, s. 8, for "and such other contingencies as" (w.e.f. 8-5-1955).

Section 48.Exemption of Banks from income-tax and super-tax.

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in 1[the Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961)] or any other enactment for the time being in force relating to income-tax or super-tax, the bank shall not be liable to pay income-tax or super-tax on any of its income, profits or gains.

2* * * * *
3* * * * *


1. . Subs. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 9, for "Indian Income-tax Act, 1922" (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
2. The proviso omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
3. Sub-section (2) omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 49.Publication of Bank rate.

The Bank shall make public from time to time the standard rate at which it is prepared to buy or re-discount bills of exchange or other commercial paper eligible for purchase under this Act.



Section 50.Auditors.

1[50. Auditors.--(1) Not less than two auditors shall be appointed, and their remuneration fixed, by the Central Government.

(2) The auditors shall hold office for such term not exceeding one year as the Central Government may fix while appointing them, and shall be eligible for re-appointment.]


1. Subs. by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule, for section 50 (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 51.Appointment of special auditors by Government.

Without prejudice to anything contained in section 50, the 1[Central Government] may at any time appoint the 2[Comptroller and Auditor-General] 3*** to examine and report upon the accounts of the Bank.



1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
2. Subs. by Act 32 of 1951, s. 18, for "Auditor General" (w.e.f. 1-11-1951).
3. The words "or such auditors as it thinks fit" omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 52.Powers and duties of auditors.

(1) Every auditor shall be supplied with a copy of the annual balance-sheet, and it shall be his duty to examine the same, together with the accounts and vouchers relating thereto; and every auditor shall have a list delivered to him of all books kept by the Bank, and shall at all reasonable time have access to the books, accounts and other documents of the Bank, and may at the expense of the Bank 2*** employ accountants or other person to assist him in investigating such accounts, and may, in relation to such accounts, examine any Director or officer of the Bank.

(2) The auditors shall make a report 3*** to the 1[Central Government] 4*** upon the annual balance-sheet and accounts, and in every such report they shall state whether, in their opinion, the balance-sheet is a full and fair balance-sheet containing all necessary particulars and properly drawn up so as to exhibit a true and correct view of the state of the Bank’s affairs, and, in case they have called for any explanation or information from the Central Board, whether it has been given and whether it is satisfactory. 5***.


1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
2. The words "if appointed by it or at the expense of the Central Government if appointed by that Government" omitted by Act 24 of 1955, s. 9 (w.e.f. 8-5-1955).
3. The words "to the shareholders or" omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
4. The words "as the case may be" omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
5. The words "Any such report made to the shareholders shall be read, together with the report of the Central Board, at the annual general meeting" omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 53.Returns.

(1) The Bank shall prepare and transmit to the 1[Central Government] a weekly account of the Issue Department and of the Banking Department in2[such] form as the 1[Central Government] may, by notification in the Gazette of India, prescribe. The 1[Central Government] shall cause these accounts to be 3[published in the Gazette of India at such intervals and in such modified form as it may deem fit].

(2) The Batik shall also, within two months from the date on which the annual accounts of the Bank are closed, transmit to the 4[Central Government] a copy of the annual accounts signed by the Governor, the Deputy Governors and the Chief Accounting Officer of the Bank, and certified by the auditors, together with a report by the Central Board on the working of the Bank throughout the year, and the 4[Central Government] shall cause such accounts and report to be published in the Gazette of India.
5* * * * *


1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
2. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for certain words.
3. Subs. by Act 24 of 1978, s. 9, for "published weekly in the Government of India" (w.e.f. 21-7-1978).
4. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
5. Sub-section (3) omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 54.Rural Credit and Development.

1[54. Rural Credit and Development.--The Bank may maintain expert staff to study various aspects of rural credit and development and in particular it may:--

(a) tender expert guidance and assistance to the National Bank;
(b) conduct special studies in such areas as it may consider necessary to do so for promoting integrated rural development.]


1. Subs. by Act 61 of 1981, s. 61 and the Second Schedule, for section 54 (w.e.f. 12-7-1982).

Section 54A.Delegation of powers.

1[54A. Delegation of powers.--(1) The Governor may, by general or special order, delegate to a Deputy Governor, subjects to such conditions and limitations, if any, as may be specified in the order, such of the powers and functions exercisable by him 2*** under this Act or under any other law for the time being in force as he may deem necessary for the efficient administration of the functions of the Bank.

(2) The fact that a Deputy Governor exercises any power or does any act or thing in pursuance of this Act shall be conclusive proof of his authority to do so.]


1. Ins. by Act 24 of 1955, s. 10 (w.e.f. 8-5-1955).
2. The words “by or” omitted by Act 58 of 1960, s. 3 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 26-12-1960).

Section 54AA.Power of Bank to depute its employees to other institutions.

1[54AA. Power of Bank to depute its employees to other institutions.--2[(1) The Bank may, notwithstanding anything contained in any law, or in any agreement, for the time being in force, depute any member of its staff for such period as it may think fit,--

(a) to any institution which is wholly or substantially owned by the Bank;
(b) to the Development Bank, so, however, that no such deputation shall continue after the expiration of thirty months from the commencement of section 5 of the Public Financial Institutions Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975 (52 of 1975);
(c) to the Unit Trust, so, however, that no such deputation shall continue after the expiration of thirty months from the date notified by the Central Government under sub-section (1) of section 4A of the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963 (52 of 1963);
and thereupon the person so deputed shall, during the period of his deputation, render such service to the institution to which he is so deputed as that institution may require.]
(2) Where a person has been deputed to an institution under sub-section (1), he shall not be entitled to claim any salary, emoluments and other terms and conditions of service which he would not have been entitled to claim if he had not been so deputed.
(3) Nothing contained in this section shall empower the Bank to depute any member of its staff to any institution on any salary, emoluments or other terms and conditions which is or are less favourable to him than that or those to which he is entitled immediately before such deputation.
(4) For the purposes of this section, an institution shall be deemed to be substantially owned by the Bank if in the capital of the institution the Bank has not less than forty per cent, share.
Explanation.--The word "capital" means, in relation to the Unit Trust, the initial capital of the Trust.]


1. Ins. by Act 58 of 1968, s. 28 (w.e.f. 1-2-1969).
2. Subs. by Act 52 of 1975, s. 20, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 16-2-1976).

Section 55.[Omitted.].

[Reports by the Bank].--Omitted by the Reserve Bank (Transfer to Public Ownership) Act, 1948 (62 of 1948), s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).



Section 56.[Omitted.].

[Power to require declaration as to ownership of registered shares].--Omitted by s. 7 and the Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).



Section 57.Liquidation of the Bank.

(1) Nothing in the 1[Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)] shall apply to the Bank and the Bank shall not be placed in liquidation save by order of the 2[Central Government] and in such manner as 3[it may direct].

4* * * * *


1. Subs. by Act 19 of 1957, s. 5, for "Indian Companies Act, 1913 (7 of 1913)" (w.e.f. 8-6-1957).
2. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
3. Subs. by ibid., for "he may direct".
4. Sub-section (2) omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).

Section 58.Power of the Central Board to make regulations.

(1) The Central Board may, with the previous sanction of the 1[Central Government], 2[by notification in the Official Gazette,] make regulations consistent with this Act to provide for all matters for which provision is necessary or convenient for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of this Act.

(2) In particular without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, such regulations may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:--
3* * * * *
(f) the manner in which the business of the Central Board shall be transacted, and the procedure to be followed at meetings thereof;
(g) the conduct of business of Local Boards and the delegation to such Boards of powers and functions;
(h) the delegation of powers and functions of the Central Board 4*** to Deputy Governors, Directors or officers of the Bank;
(i) the formation of Committees of the Central Board, the delegation of powers and functions of the Central Board to such Committees, and the conduct of business in such Committees;
(j) the constitution and management of staff and superannuation funds for the officers and servants of the Bank;
(k) the manner and form in which contracts binding on the Bank may be executed;
(l) the provision of an official seal of the Bank and the manner and effect of its use;
(m) the manner and form in which the balance-sheet of the Bank shall be drawn up and in which the accounts shall be maintained;
(n) the remuneration of Directors of the Bank;
(o) the relations of the scheduled banks with the Bank and the returns to be submitted by the scheduled banks to the Bank;
(p) the regulation of clearing-houses for the 5[banks (including post office savings banks)];
6[(pp) the regulation of fund transfer through electronic means between the banks or between the banks and other financial institutions referred to in clause (c) of section 45-I, including the laying down of the conditions subject to which banks and other financial institutions shall participate in such fund transfers, the manner of such fund transfers and the rights and obligations of the participants in such fund transfers;]
(q) the circumstances in which, and the conditions and limitations subject to which, the value of any lost, stolen, mutilated or imperfect currency note of the Government of India or bank note may be refunded;
7[(qa) the remuneration and other allowances payable to Members of the Monetary Policy Committee under sub-section (2) of section 45ZD;
(qb) the functions of the Secretary under sub-section (2) of section 45ZG;
(qc) the procedure, manner of conducting of meetings and related matters of the Monetary Policy Committee under sub-section (12) of section 45ZI;
(qd) the particulars and the frequency of publication of document under sub-section (2) of section 45ZJ;
(qe) the form and contents of the Monetary Policy Report to be published under sub-section (2) of section 45ZM;] and
(r) generally, for the efficient conduct of the business of the Bank.
8[(3) Any regulation made under this section shall have effect from such earlier or later date as may be specified in the regulation.
(4) Every regulation shall, as soon as may be after it is made by the Central Board, be, forwarded to the Central Government and that Government shall cause a copy of the same to be laid before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the regulation, or both Houses agree that the regulation should not be made, the regulation shall, thereafter, have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that regulation.]
9[(5)] Copies of all regulations made under this section shall be available to the public on payment.


1. Subs. by the M.O. 1937, for "G.G. in C.".
2. Ins. by Act 66 of 1988, s. 6 (w.e.f. 30-12-1988).
3. Clauses (a) to (e) omitted by Act 62 of 1948, s. 7 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 1-1-1949).
4. The words "to the Governor, or" omitted by Act 54 of 1953, s. 8 (w.e.f. 30-12-1953).
5. Subs. by Act 66 of 1988, s. 6, for "the scheduled banks" (w.e.f. 30-12-1988).
6. Ins. by Act 21 of 2000, s. 94 and the Fourth Schedule (w.e.f. 9-6-2000).
7. Ins. by Act 28 of 2016, s. 223 (w.e.f. 27-6-2016).
8. Ins. by Act 51 of 1974, s. 24 (w.e.f. 13-12-1974). 9. Sub-section (3) renumbered as sub-section (5) thereof by s. 24, ibid. (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 58A.Protection of action taken in good faith.

1[58A. Protection of action taken in good faith.--(1) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Central Government or the Bank or any other person in respect of anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or in pursuance of any order, regulation or direction made or given thereunder.

(2) No suit or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Central Government or the Bank for any damage caused or likely to be caused by anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or in pursuance of any order, regulation or direction made or given thereunder.]


1. Ins. by s. 25, ibid. (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 58B.Penalties.

1[58B. Penalties.-- (1) Whoever in any application, declaration, return, statement, information or particulars made, required or furnished by or under or for the purposes of any provisions of this Act, or any order, regulation or direction made or given thereunder or in any prospectus or advertisement issued for or in connection with the invitation by any person, of deposits of money from the public wilfully makes a statement which is false in any material particular knowing it to be false or willfully omits to make a material statement shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.

(2) If any person fails to produce any book, account or other document or to furnish any statement, information or particulars which, under this Act or any order, regulation or direction made or given thereunder, it is his duty to produce or furnish or to answer any question put to him in pursuance of the provisions of this Act or of any order, regulation or direction made or given thereunder, he shall be punishable with fine which may extend to 2[one lakh rupees] in respect of each offence and if he persists in such failure or refusal, with further fine which may extend to 3[five thousand rupees] for every day, after the first during which the offence continues.
(3) If any person contravenes the provisions of section 31, he shall be punishable with fine which may extend to the amount of the bill of exchange, hundi, promissory note or engagement for payment of money in respect whereof the offence is committed.
(4) If any person discloses any credit information, the disclosure of which is prohibited under section 45E, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six mounts, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.
4[(4A) If any person contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 45-IA, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend to five years and with fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees but which may extend to 5[twentyfive lakh rupees].
(4AA) If any auditor fails to comply with any direction given or order made by the Bank under section 45MA, he shall be punishable with fine which may extend to 6[ten lakh rupees].
(4AAA) Whoever fails to comply with any order made by the Company Law Board under sub-section (2) of section 45QA, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to a fine of not less than 7[five thousand rupees] for every day during which such non-compliance continues.]
(5) If any person 8[other than an auditor]--
(a) receives 9[any deposit without being authorised so to do or] in contravention of any direction given or order made under Chapter IIIB; or
2[(aa) fails to comply with any direction given or order made by the Bank under any of the provisions of Chapter IIIB; or]
(b) issues any prospectus or advertisement otherwise than in accordance with 10section 45J] or any order made under section 45], as the case may be,
he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine which may extend,--
(i) in the case of a contravention falling under clause (a), to twice the amount of the deposit received; and
(ii) in the case of a contravention falling under clause (b), to twice the amount of the deposit called for by the prospectus or advertisement.
11[(5A) If any person contravenes any provision of section 45S, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to twice the amount of deposit received by such person in contravention of that section, or two thousand rupees, whichever is more, or with both:
Provided that in the absence of special and adequate reasons to the contrary to be mentioned in the judgment of the court, the imprisonment shall not be less than one year and the fine shall not be less than one thousand rupees.
(5B) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 29 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), it shall be lawful for Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class to impose a sentence of the fine in excess of the limit specified in that section on any person convicted under sub-section (5A).]
(6) If any other provision of this Act is contravened of if any default is made in complying with any other requirement of this Act or of any order, regulation or direction made or given or condition imposed thereunder, any person guilty of such contravention or default shall be punishable with fine which may extend to 12[one lakh rupees] and where a contravention or default is a continuing one, with further fine which may extend to 13[ten thousand rupees] for every day, after the first, during which the contravention or default continues.]



1. Ins. by s. 26, ibid. (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).
2. Subs. by Act 23 of 2019, s. 142, for "two thousand rupees" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
3. Subs. by s. 142, ibid., for "one hundred rupees" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
4. Ins. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 10 (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).
5. Subs. by Act 23 of 2019, s. 142, for "five lakh rupees" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
6. Subs. by s. 142, ibid., for "five thousand rupee" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
7. Subs. by s. 142, ibid., for "rupees fifty" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
8. Ins. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 10 (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).
9. Subs. by Act 23 of 2019, s. 142, for "any deposit" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
10. Subs. by s. 142, ibid., for the "section 45NA" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
11. Ins. by Act 1 of 1984, s. 11 (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).
12. Subs. by Act 23 of 2019, s. 142 for "two thousand rupees" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
13. Subs. by s. 142, ibid., for "one hundred rupees" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).


Section 58C.Offences by companies.

(1) Where a person committing a contravention or default referred to in section 58B is a company, every person who, at the time the contravention or default was committed, was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the contravention or default and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly:

Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to punishment if he proves that the contravention or default was committed without his knowledge or that he had exercised all due diligence to prevent the contravention or default.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an offence under this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the same was committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary, or other officer or employee of the company, such director, manager, secretary, other officer or employee shall also be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Explanation 1.--Any offence punishable under this Act shall be deemed to have been committed at the place where the registered office or the principal place of business, as the case may be, in India, of the company is situated.
Explanation 2.--For the purpose of this section,--
(a) "a company" means any body corporate and includes a corporation, a non-banking institution, a firm, a co-operative society or other association of individuals;
(b) "director", in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm.


Section 58D.Application of section 58B barred.

Nothing contained in section 58B shall apply to, or in respect of, any matter dealt with in section 42.



Section 58E.Cognizance of offences.

(1) No court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under this Act except upon a complaint in writing made by an officer of the Bank, generally or specially authorised in writing in this behalf by the Bank, and no court other than that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class or a court superior thereto shall try any such offence:

1[Provided that in respect of any offence punishable under sub-section (5A) of section 58B, a complaint in writing may also be made by an officer of the State Government, generally or specially authorised in writing in this behalf by that Government.]
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) a Magistrate may, if he see reason so to do, dispense with the personal attendance of the officer of the Bank filing the complaint, but the Magistrate may in his discretion, at any stage of the proceedings, direct the personal attendance of the complainant.


1. Added by Act 1 of 1984, s. 12 (w.e.f. 15-2-1984).

Section 58F.Application of fine.

1[58F. Application of fine.--A Court imposing any fine under this Act may direct that the whole or any part thereof shall be applied in, or towards payment of, the costs of the proceedings.]



1. Ins. by s. 26, ibid. (w.e.f. 13-12-1974).

Section 58G.Power of Bank to impose fine.

1[58G. Power of Bank to impose fine.-- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 58B, if the contravention or default of the nature referred to in section 58B is committed by a non-banking financial company, the Bank may impose on such non-banking financial company--

(a) a penalty not exceeding 2[twenty-five thousand]; or
(b) where the contravention or default is under sub-section (4A) or clause (a) or clause (aa) of sub-section (5) of section 58B, a penalty of 3[ten lakh] rupees or twice the amount involved in such contravention or default, where the amount is quantifiable, whichever is more; and where such contravention or default is a continuing one, further penalty which may extend to 4[one lakh] rupees for every day, after the first, during which the contravention or default continues.
(2) For the purpose of imposing penalty under sub-section (1), the Bank shall serve a notice on the non-banking financial company requiring it to show cause why the amount specified in the notice should not be imposed as a penalty and a reasonable opportunity of being heard shall also be given to such non-banking financial company.
(3) Any penalty imposed by the Bank under this section shall be payable within a period of thirty days from the date on which notice issued by the Bank demanding payment of the sum is served on the non-banking financial company and, in the event of failure of the non-banking financial company to pay the sum within such period, may be levied on a direction made by the principal civil court having jurisdiction in the area where the registered office or the head office of the non-banking financial company is situated:
Provided that no such direction shall be made, except on an application made by an officer of the Bank authorised in this behalf, to by the principal civil court.
(4) The court which makes a direction under sub-section (4), shall issue a certificate specifying the sum payable by the non-banking financial company and every such certificate shall be enforceable in the same manner as if it were a decree made by the court in a civil suit.
(5) No complaint shall be filed against any non-banking financial company in any court of law pertaining to any contravention or default in respect of which any penalty has been imposed by the Bank under this section.
(6) Where any complaint has been filed against a non-banking financial company in a court in respect of contravention or default of the nature referred to in section 58B, no proceedings for imposition of penalty against that non-banking financial company shall be taken under this section.]



1. Ins. by Act 23 of 1997, s. 11 (w.e.f. 9-1-1997).
2. Subs. by Act 23 of 2019, s. 143 for "five thousand" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
3. Subs. by s. 143, ibid., for "five lakh" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).
4. Subs. by s. 143, ibid., for "twenty-five thousand" (w.e.f. 9-8-2019).


Section 59.[Repealed.].

[Amendment of Act 3 of 1906 (Repealed)].--Rep. by the Repealing and Amending Act, 1937 (20 of 1937), s. 3 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 14-4-1937).



Section 60.[Repealed.].

[Repeals].--Rep. by s. 3 and the Second Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 14-4-1937).



Section 61.[Repealed.].

[Amendment of section II, Act VII of 1913].--Rep. by s. 3 and the Second Schedule, ibid. (w.e.f. 14-4-1937).



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